Abstract: As a result of total-local irradiation of the lung combined with polychemotherapy in patients with solitary metastases to the lungs, a 3-year survival in children was 52.7 +/- 12.1%, after local irradiation of the lungs and chemotherapy 30 +/- 11.8% of the patients. Combined treatment was well tolerated by pediatric patients. The results of the study have shown that radiation therapy of metastases of Ewing's sarcoma to the lungs with simultaneous polychemotherapy does not disturb external respiratory function even in a later period, the clinical manifestations of lung radiation reactions were seldom observed.

Abstract: Eight patients underwent simultaneous polarographic studies of pO2 in the brain normal tissue and glial tumors under the conditions of inhaling 100% oxygen and a hypoxic gaseous mixture (10% of oxygen and 90% of nitrogen). It has been established that the inhalation of 100% oxygen causes an increase in pO2 in the brain normal tissue and tumor by 100-115%. A short-term moderate gaseous hypoxia leads to a decrease in pO2 both in the brain normal tissue and tumor by 30% on an average.

Abstract: An analysis of the results of radiation therapy of 587 patients with postoperative and traumatic complications has shown that special gamma-therapy used at early time following trauma or surgical intervention, with the first clinical signs of an incipient inflammatory process (the so-called "anticipating" irradiation), makes it possible to avoid the development of serious postoperative, post-traumatic complications: wound suppuration, fistulas, secondary parotitis, postamputation pain syndrome, "needle" osteomyelitis, keloid cicatrix, skin graft rejection, etc. In the authors' opinion, this promising trend in radiotherapy of nontumorous diseases is worth a wider using in clinical practice.

Abstract: The authors present a detailed description of the parameters of gamma-chambers that are necessary to measure in order to assess the quality of the device as a whole. The main concepts have been laid down: resolution, spatial distortion, irregularity of the field of vision of a gamma-chamber, idle time of the system, sensitivity, etc. Methods for the evaluation of the main characteristic of gamma-chambers are considered. A necessity to organize the checking of gamma-chambers in hospitals and other health care facilities and the making up of a common system of assessment are discussed.

Abstract: The paper is concerned with the results of a randomized study of 154 patients with rectal cancer. Of these, 76 were on combination therapy and 78 underwent surgical treatment alone. Preoperative gamma-therapy was given from open fields at a single dose of 4-5 Gy with a summary dose of 20-25 Gy, or by using a grid diaphragm at a single dose of 10 Gy up to a summary dose of 50 Gy. Irradiation was followed by surgical intervention in 3-5 days. The analysis of immediate therapeutic results has shown that the above variants of preoperative irradiation are well tolerated and do not cause an increase either in the number of postoperative complications or lethal cases. Combination therapy improves long-term results and causes a significant decrease (more than thrice) in the frequency of postoperative cancer recurrences. The treatment has proved to be the most effective in patients with a locally disseminated process and an unfavorable prognosis.

Abstract: A method of close-focus x-ray therapy for extensive ulcerated hemangiomas was worked out and used in combination with ointment treatment with a good clinical effect in 230 patients The summary focal dose was 05-10 Gy A study of the results of radiotherapy over the period of 3-10 yrs has shown that such changes as skin atrophy, scars and cosmetic defects result from the ulceration of a tumor at its early stage of development because during irradiation at doses that do not cause local radiation reactions, changes of the skin and soft tissues are not observed

Abstract: A comprehensive radionuclide method was used: evaluation of the time course of the absorption of a colloid radiopharmaceutical, a polyposition static examination of the liver, positive scintigraphy using tumorotropic agents and indirect radionuclide angiography of the liver. It has been established that blood flow quantitative indices changed by 1.5-2 times and the prevalence of the arterial component of the hepatic blood flow in all the segments can indicate cirrhotic lesions. A sharp decrease or a complete absence of the blood supply of "cold foci" are mostly observed in abscesses or parasitic involvement of the liver. The prevalence of the arterial component of the blood supply and the lessening of the blood supply value by 40-50% in foci of the lowered accumulation of a colloid radiopharmaceutical only with the preserved blood flow in the adjacent tissues are characteristic of primary tumor or metastatic involvement of the liver.

Abstract: Altogether 120 studies with a dynamic kidney phantom (DKP) were conducted permitting one to imitate the normal functioning of the kidneys or different pathological states of the organ. The studies were conducted with the help of a gamma-chamber of MV-9100 type using a computer system SEGAMS (Hungary) and a chronoscope RIKh-5M-01. On completion of the experiment the activity-time curves were plotted characterizing the time course of the passage of a radioactive tracer through phantom cylinders that imitate the kidneys. The results obtained have demonstrated DKP potentialities for the imitation of various renal functional states. Studies with a DKP make it possible to select an optimum regimen for research and to assess the quality of performance of nuclear medical diagnostic equipment.

Abstract: Two peculiarities of tumor hypoxic cell metabolism developing during adaptation to hypoxia--the lowering of respiratory intensity and a change-over from respiration to glycolysis were considered They form the basis for tissue radiosensitivity modification in different directions in tumor radiation therapy The first peculiarity of metabolism makes it possible to use hypoxic gaseous mixtures for the predominant protection of normal tissues, and the second artificial hyperglycemia for a selective enhancement of tumor radiation injuries

Abstract: Thermoluminescent dosimetry in the Mix-D material was used to study the dosimetric characteristics of discrete sources in the form of titanium and nylon capsules, sizes 0.8 X 2.5 and 1.7 X 7 mm with an activity of 20-40 MB K. Permissible within the limits of volume subject to radiotherapy, dose field parameters and a higher dose gradient beyond the field limits as compared to 226Ra, 198Au and 192Ir were established. Manufactured 125I discrete sources meet the requirements of interstitial radiation therapy in the protracted tumor irradiation mode.

Abstract: A study was made of the muscular blood flow at rest (MBFR) and in reactive hyperemia (MMBF--maximum muscular blood flow) in 170 healthy persons using a method of local clearance with 133Xe. The results of the study showed a regular decrease in the MBFR and MMBF level in aging, the decrease rates of MMBF considerably prevailing over those of MBFR. In the age interval between 18-96 MBFR lessens by 24%, MMBF more than twice. The age-associated time course of MMBF is of a more complicated nature as compared to that of MBRF and indicates a considerable reduction of the functional reserves of the tissue blood flow in the skeletal muscles of middle-aged and old persons. The above data make it possible to outline MBFR rough standard values: for young persons--2.5-5.0 ml/100 g/min., for older persons--1.5-3.5 ml/100 g/min. As normal MBFR fluctuations in healthy persons one can adopt a +/- 20% interval of respective MBRF mean values in each decade. MBF age-associated changes should be regarded in the diagnosis of obliterating lesions of lower limb vessels and other diseases accompanied by its decrease. Special emphasis should be placed on MMBF.

Abstract: Basing on a comparative study of the results of combined treatment (irradiation + operation) and surgery alone provided to patients with extra-abdominal desmoid (ED) the authors reach a conclusion that preoperative gamma-beam therapy can be regarded as an important means of recurrence prevention In incomplete resection of tumors the treatment should be supplemented by postoperative irradiation, because in radiotherapy alone cure can be achieved with high summary doses only It is still difficult to judge of the advantages of irradiation of ED under the conditions of hyperbaric oxygenation by the frequency of recurrences