Abstract: Among the chronic complications of diabetes,particularly in elderly patients,there is a higher prevalence of cognitive dysfunction. Mild cognitive impairment can increase the risk for progression to dementia after a few years. Hyperglycemia,insulin-resistant states,vascular,genetic factors may be correlated with cognitive dysfunction of type 2 diabetes patients,which is also influenced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and exercise. In recent years,knowledge on type 2 diabetes cognitive dysfunction has been deepening,and here is to make a review of the pathogenesis,screening and assessment,and treatment and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract: The occurrence and development of rheumatoid arthritis signs and disease condition,has its unique characteristics,but it is often confused with other diseases.The characteristics of joint pain and swelling,ESR,a comprehensive analysis of rheumatoid factor and imaging test can basically distinguish rheumatoid arthritis from joint pain,erosive osteoarthritis,fibrositis,and systemic lupus erythematosus.The pathogenesis,inducement,lab test features of rheumatoid arthritis are elaborated,based on which the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis can be made.

Abstract: Choroid neovasculzation due to age-related macular degeneration( AMD) may be associated with subretinal fluid,subretinal hemorrhage and fibrovascular disciform scar,which usually lead to progressive and irreversible central vision loss. The old treatments contained: laser photocoagulation,transpuillary thermotherapy,macular translocation surgery. Currently,with the development of technology,rapid progress has been achieved in the treatment for choroid neovasculzation due to AMD. Photodynamic therapy can reduce the risk of further loss of visual acuity in the patients. Triamcinolone acetonide,anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs have been demonstrated to limit or delay loss of vision or even improve visual acuity. Especially that the research of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor has been more and more concerned. In addition,the development of gene therapy has opened up a new road for the treatment of neovascular AMD,attracting attention from the ophthalmic doctors.

Abstract: The human gut harbours a myriad of different microbes known together as the intestinal flora. Normal intestinal flora plays an important role in digestion and absorption of nutrients,biological antagonism,immune response,antitumor activity to keep the body health. It will not only lead to intestinal dysbacteriosis but also induce and aggravate various diseases when the balance of the intestinal flora is disturbed by host and external environment change. Here is to make a review of the research progress in classification,pathogenic factors,clinical manifestations,related diseases and therapeutic regimen of dysbacteriosis.

Abstract: Chinese medicine believes that infertility is kidney deficiency syndrome and kidney tonifying Chinese medicines are used to treat infertility in clinical. A large number of experiments have shown that kidney tonifying Chinese medicine can improve and regulate the reproductive function by adjusting morphology and secretory function disorders of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis organs on multiple levels and at multiple targets. In recent years,the research in reproductive-related kidney essence and kidney tonifying herbs mechanism have gone deep into the genetic and molecular level.

Abstract: Oxidative stress in aging is naturally irreversible with complex mechanisms. It remains controversial to use chemical drugs as anti-aging agents because of the side effects,target specificity,and multiple drug resistance. Chinese herbs are important source of synthetic drugs and chemical compounds with lasting effect,less side effects and a long history of use. Nowadays experimental researches make the pharmacological efficacy of the Chinese herbs more clearly. Here is to make a review of new strategy and ideas of using Chinese herbs to improve antioxidant and anti-aging capacity,enhance immune function,and protect against illness.

Abstract: The AMP-activated protein kinase( AMPK),as a metabolite-sensing kinase,is a key regulator of cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis which is tightly regulated by the levels of AMP / ATP ratio. Recent studies indicate AMPK activation is also involved in the differentiation,migration and tube formation in a lot of cells( such as skeletal muscle cells,endothelial cells). Here is to make a review of the recent advances in the roles and action mechanisms of AMPK in angiogenesis.

Abstract: With the progression of industrialization and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the surveillance,evaluation and prevention of the environmental carcinogen has become a major issue. Growing numbers of studies have shown that the absorption and accumulation of heavy metalswhich enter the body through a variety of ways from the environment( eg: water,soil and air),not only can damage cardiovascular system,neural system,immune system and hemopoietic system,but also can result in cancer. The carcinogenic effect of heavy metal has become one of the focuses of cancer prevention and intervention. Here is to make a review of the recent advances in the carcinogenic mechanism of cadmium,arsenic,lead and mercury on the molecular medicine level.

Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine with the function of expelling internal heat is the first kind of drugs that has been systematically studied in pharmacology field of traditional Chinese medicine. After decades of research,understanding of its pharmacological action gradually deepens,it has the function of antipyretic,analgesic,anti-inflammatory,prevention and treatment for cardiovascular diseases,and so on. Aspirin is a representative of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a general drug for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases,that it has the function of antipyretic,analgesic,anti-inflammatory,antirheumatism,anti-thrombosis,etc. As the research on the mechanisms of drugs deepens,more and more literatures have shown that there is a lot of similarity of pharmacological action between traditional Chinese medicine with the function of expelling internal heat and aspirin.

Abstract: Toll like receptors( TLRs) are transmembrane receptors which express widely in cells of mammals. They are barriers for protecting the body from pathogenic microorganism invading,and also the connection of innate immune response and adaptive immune response. TLR9 is a member of TLRs. The expression of TLR9 is significantly increased when there is inflammation or tumor in vivo. The TLR9 expression level has a certain degree of correlation with the severity of inflammation and malignant tumors. TLR9 pattern recognizes the foreign pathogens and someself-generated substance,and then activates myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88-dependent signaling pathway,enabling the body to produce an immune response and to participate in the development of inflammation and tumors. Therefore,TLR9 may become a new therapeutic target to control inflammation and tumor development.

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery for stage Ⅱ colon cancer and analyze the influential factors for the prognosis. Methods Retrospective analysis on the clinical data of 118 cases with stage Ⅱcolon cancer admitted to the Cancer Hospital in Liaoning Province during Jan. 2006 and Jan. 2013 was done,including 62 patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and 56 cases without postoperative chemotherapy. 5 year survival rates were compared between the two groups and the possible influencing factors for prognosis were studied. Results The 5-year survival rates of the patients with and without chemotherapy treatment were 83. 9% and 82. 1%( P 0. 05); the proportion of high-risk stageⅡcolon cancer cases undergoing chemotherapy was much higher than the low-risk stageⅡ colon cancer cases( P 0. 05). The univariate prognostic analysis results showed that age,T stage,tissue differential degree,the number of sampled lymph nodes and CEA level were the important factors affecting the survival time( P 0. 05). Multivariate analysis showed that the number of sampled lymph nodes and CEA level were the independent risk factors for prognosis( P 0. 05). Conclusion Adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery may bring clinical benefit to high-risk stage Ⅱ colon cancer patients. The number of sampled lymph nodes and CEA level were the independent risk factors for the prognosis.

Abstract: Patients with refractory epilepsy caused by unilateral hemishere can be treated by nerve fibers disconnection surgery. These surgeries include corpus callosotomy,hemisphere section,and posterior quadrant( temporal,parietal,and occipital lobes) dissection. To provide reference for clinical treatment,here is to make a review of the development of nerve fibers dissection surgery from hemispherectomy to hemisphere section and posterior quadrant dissection,summarizing corresponding surgical indications and possible sequela.

Abstract: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases with well documented harmful effects on the heart and the vascular system. Thus,active control of blood pressure is necessary. At present,the clinical application of antihypertensive drugs mainly has five categories,such as calcium antagonists and diuretics. Doctors must abide by the four principles of antihypertensive drugs,choose the appropriate drugs according to the pathogenesis and complications of patients,and formulate reasonable program to reduce blood pressure and minimize the dangers of hypertension on target organs.

Abstract: Since the 1980s,the surgical treatment for atrial fibrillation has made a great progress,from the left atrium isolation technique aimed to control the ventricular rate and corridor,developing into atrial maze procedure aimed at complete cure. The operation methods are developing,the sinus rhythm converting rate is increasing,and the complications and damage to patients are decreasing continuously. Here is to summarize the status and progress of surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation technology,in order to open up with ideas to better promote the rehabilitation of atrial fibrillation.

Abstract: Objective To observe the curative effect of acupuncture combined with swallowing in treatment of swallowing disorder after stroke.Methods A total of 87 patients with swallowing disorder after stroke treated in Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Feb.2011 to Jan.2013 were randomly divided into 2 groups by random number table method,control group(42 cases)was only treated with swallowing training,observation group(45 cases)was treated with acupuncture combined with swallowing training.The total effective and complication rates of the two groups were compared.Results The total effective rate of the observation group(93.3%) was significantly higher than that of the control group(76.2%)(P 0.05).The incidence of complications of the observation group(15.6%) was significantly lower than that of the control group(33.3%)(P 0.05).Conclusion The treatment of acupuncture combined with swallowing training can obviously improve the swallowing function of patients with swallowing disorder after stroke,thus is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Abstract: All-trans-retinoic acid is currently the preferred treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia A large number of recent studies have shown that it can inhibit the activity of some oncogenes,induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis,increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs,promote epithelial cell differentiation and growth,maintain normal epithelial tissue keratinization process,and reduce sebum secretion,featured with advantages of high efficacy and minor side effects It has become one of the important drugs for a variety of skin diseases,some hematologic malignancies,some tumors and vascular related diseases

Abstract: " Nanomedicine" is an emerging discipline combining nanotechnology and medicine to develop novel therapies and improve existing treatments. Magnetic nanoparticles,as a new meterial,is widely used in medical field because of its unique magnetic properties. Here is to summarize the latest research achievements at home and abroad about the magnetic nanoparticles,introduce its application in the nervous system of magnetic resonance imaging,targeted drug delivery,targeting gene therapy and hyperthermia etc.,and discuss its future development prospects and challenges.

Abstract: Pressure ulcers are common complications in clinical patients. Nutritional management of pressure ulcers is one of the difficulties in clinical medical work. The occurrence of pressure ulcers has a certain relationship with malnutrition,and sufficient supply of calories,protein and micronutrient to the patients can promote the healing of pressure ulcers. Here is to make a review of the progress in nutritional management of pressure ulcers,including macronutrients,micronutrients and high blood sugar control,etc.Improving the quality of medical care and strengthening the nutritional management can reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers and promote their healing,thus,reduce the patients' sufferings.

Abstract: Medicinal plant Corydalis saxicola Bunting has effects of anti-tumor,anti-virus,analgesic sedation,improving immune function,etcAt present Corydalis saxicola Bunting is mainly used for treatment of eyes of fire,eye shade,bleeding hemorrhoids and red dysentery among the people,and for the adjuvant treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis,hyperbilirubinemia,liver cancer and other cancers in clinical,with good effects achieved,and is worthy of clinical promotionAllergic reactions and other adverse reactions should be prevented when giving Corydalis saxicola Bunting injections in clinicalFor wider and safer application in clinical,the pharmacological effects of Corydalis saxicola Bunting needs further study

Abstract: Kudiezi injection,which is believed to have the effect of promoting blood circulation for relieving pain and clearing heat for removing blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine,is made of whole plant of Compositae Ixeris sonchifolia. Modern pharmacology study shows that kudiezi injection can effectively improve blood circulation and strengthen body's antioxidant ability. And it is mainly used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Recently,kudiezi injection is gradually used alone or combined with related drugs for the treatment of other diseases,with significant clinical effects achieved. Here is to summarize the clinical application of kudiezi injection.

Abstract: With the rapid development of transportation and frequent occurrence of traffic accidents,fracture has become one of common orthopedic diseases.Nonunion is the major common complications of fractures.The causes are complex and it can lead to serious consequences.Surgery,bio-stimulation,physical therapy and medical treatment are currently the main treatments in clinical.Although there are varied therapeutic methods,the cure rate is low.There is still no standard and unified treatment in clinical.Here is to systematically expound the progress in treatment of nonunion fractures in recent years with the hope to provide a reference for the clinical treatment.

Abstract: Shoulder joint has the largest mobility in our body,which is also one of the most important joints involved in our daily life. Rotator cuff is the most important structure made up of the soft tissue of shoulder joint,including supraspinatus muscle,infraspinatus muscle,subscapularis muscle and teres minor muscle. Rotator cuff injury is one of the most important reasons for shoulder pain,restricting shoulder joint activity significantly,and influencing patient' s quality of life seriously. The purpose of the management of rotator cuff injury is to release the pain and recover the function of shoulder joint. The management includes conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Due to complications of conservative treatment,surgical treatment gradually becomes the main treatment method,which mainly includes rotator cuff repair,acromion plasty,shoulder joint replacement and tendon transfer,etc.

Abstract: Objective To investigate bone mineral density(BMD) levels and related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)Methods A total of 168 patients with T2DM(T2DM group) and140 healthy subjects(control group) from Tianjin First Central Hospital during Jan-Dec2011 were included in the study,BMD of lumbar spine(L2-4),femoral neck(FN),the greater trochanter(TR) and Ward(WR) were measured,and the BMD levels,reduced bone mass and osteoporosis incidence of the two groups were compared and BMD related factors were analyzedResults For male T2DM patients,BMD of all measured parts except L2were lower than the control group(P 005);for female T2DM patients,BMD of all measured parts except L4were lower than the control group(P 005)The osteoporosis incidence rate of T2DM group and control group was 4943%,1707% respectively(P 005)BMD and age,disease duration,glycosylated hemoglobin,years since menopause was significantly negatively correlated,and were significantly positively correlated with BMI,fasting insulin levels in T2DM patientsConclusion T2DM patients BMD is lower and the incidence of osteoporosis is higher than the healthy group,and the age,duration,glycosylated hemoglobin,years since menopause,BMI,islet function are all influencing factors

Abstract: Aquaporin-4( AQP4) is a water-channel protein expressed strongly in the brain,predominantly distributed in basolateral membranes of ependymal cells and in the plasma membranes of astrocytes. Such characteristics of distribution suggests that AQP4 controls water fluxes into and out of the brain,and plays a major role in the formation and elimination of brain edema after brain damage. The modulation of AQP4 expression can provide a theoretical basis on the molecular level for cerebral edema and water metabolic diseases,and may be beneficial to the treatment for several cerebral disorders,including cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral ischemia,hydrocephalus,tumor,and traumatic brain injury.

Abstract: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors,occurring in the esophageal epithelium,the incidence of which is influenced by heredity,eating habits,living conditions and other factors. More and more esophageal cancer patients appear in recent years,with Chinese patients occupying the majority of the world with obvious geographical differences. The treatment had underwent a development processes of surgical resection,chemotherapy and comprehensive therapy in China,so far good effects in the aspects of resection rate,complications and mortality have been achieved.

Abstract: Endometriosis( EMs) is a common disease among women of child-bearing age. And 30%-50% of the endometriosis cases are associated with infertility,which seriously affects the quality of life of the patients. Therefore,clarifying the pathogenesis of endometriosis,and find the effective treatment method is a key clinical issue that requires urgent solution. At present,the formation mechanism of angiogenesis is a hot point in current research of the pathogenesis of EMs. Here is to make a review of the research progress on angiogenesis in endometriosis,in order to gain positive results from the aspects of eutopic endometrium,angiogenic microenvironment and angiogenesis regulatory factors,and bring new hope to the treatment for endometriosis.

Abstract: Vascular dementia( VD) has already become a major public health problem,which is characterized by histophathological damage and progressive intellectual decline produced by ischemic hypoxia or hemorrhage brain lesion. VD is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease and its incidence is increasing year by year. The exact pathogenesis of VD is not completely clear,but currently it is generally accepted that brain ischemia-hypoxia is the main cause of VD. The hippocampus is an important structure for learning and memory,and extremely sensitive to cerebral ischemia-hypoxia. Therefore,cerebral ischemia-hypoxia can easily lead to apoptosis of hippocampal neurons,thus the decline in learning and memory ability. Currently,VD is the only dementia which can be prevented and treated. Therefore,the study on the risk factors and pathogenesis of VD has great significance.

Abstract: The incidence of postpartum depression is high,and there are various risk factors,mostly in biological and social psychological aspects. There are plenty of psychological intervention methods for postpartum depression,mostly in the postpartum,with single intervention model and unstandardized method,which results in unexact effect,and the intervention model with medicine as center is not good for the postpartum depression prevention and intervention work. So screening high-risk pregnant women,to carry out communitybased " prenatal-intrapartum-postpartum" whole process of comprehensive intervention,is of great practical significance.

Abstract: The global incidence of malignant tumors has been rising in recent years. The mortalities of cancers in China,especially the digestive system carcinoma are higher than the global average level. The morbidities and mortalities of esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer are among the highest malignant tumors in China,and there are significant diversities by regions,nationalities and gender. Here is to make a review of the epidemiology and current situation of esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer in the world.