Abstract: 压水堆核电站堆内构件用奥氏体不锈钢焊缝在长期服役过程中会面临着热老化脆化。本文开展了核电站堆内构件用304不锈钢焊缝在325℃、365℃和400℃下15,000 h的加速热老化试验，利用TEM和HRTEM研究了热老化后焊缝微观组织演变，采用冲击实验设备和纳米力学探针分别对热老化后焊缝冲击行为和纳米硬度变化进行了测试，并使用SEM观察了冲击断口形貌。结果表明：热老化后，焊缝内铁素体相发生了调幅分解；随着热老化温度增加，焊缝的冲击韧性显著下降，冲击断口呈现解理断裂特征；焊缝中铁素体相塑形变形能力不断下降，纳米硬度快速增加，而奥氏体相纳米硬度未发生改变。并以焊缝铁素体纳米硬度作为热老化程度指标，利用阿累尼乌斯Arrhenius方程得出304不锈钢焊缝在325℃~400℃内的热老化激活能约为80.4 kJ/mol。 The stainless steel welds used for PWR internals after a long service faces thermal aging embrit-tlement. In this study, the accelerated thermal aging experiments of nuclear internals 304 stainless steel weld were performed at 325˚C, 365˚C and 400˚C for 15,000 h. Microstructure evolution of weld after aging was observed by TEM and HRTEM. Changes of the Charpy impact energy and na-nohardness were studied by Charpy impact and nano-indenter test. The results indicated that Spinodal decomposition and G-phase precipitation in the ferrite was observed after aging. The impact toughness of weld decreased with the increase of aging temperature, and cleavage feature was observed after aging. The nanohardness of ferrite increased, plastic deformation ability of ferrite phase declined, and the nanohardness of austenite hardness had no change. Taking the nanohardness as the standard of thermal aging embrittlement, the thermal aging activation energy was determined for 304 weld in the temperature range 325˚C - 400˚C based on Arrhenius rela-tionship.

Abstract: 本文对应力测量方法进行了评述和展望。主要介绍了多种传统测量应力的方法及原理，如小孔法、X射线衍射法、磁测法、超声波法、裂纹柔度等方法。并且提出了潜在可以用来表征薄膜界面间应力的一种新方法——溅射深度剖析定量分析。 The methods for stress measurement are reviewed and discussed, focusing on the principles and application of several traditional methods, such as Hole method, X-ray diffraction method, Magnetic method, Ultrasonic method, crack compliance method and so on. A new promising method, quantitative sputter depth profiling, is proposed for characterizing the stress gradient at interface.

Abstract: 以尿素(CON2H4)为沉淀剂，采用水热法合成Co3O4材料。该材料经过不同温度的煅烧后作为锂离子电池负极材料进行测试。扫描电镜图像显示经过600℃煅烧的Co3O4材料是多孔的纳米片状。片状材料上的纳米孔洞使之形成二维的网状结构。电性能测试显示这种多孔纳米片状Co3O4以100 mA/g电流密度循环50周后仍有824 mAh/g的比容量。材料良好的电性能归因于其独特的二维网状结构。 A simple approach to synthesize Co3O4 in mass production by using urea (CON2H4) as a precipitator via hydrothermal treatment has been developed. The samples were calcinated at different temperature and tested as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the Co3O4 prepared at 600˚C was porous nanoflakes structure. The material is flaky with nanopores on the planes, forming a two-dimensional network structure. The electrochemical measurement showed that the porous Co3O4 nanoflakes had good electrochemical performance with a capacity of 824 mAh/g after 50th cycle at a current density of 100 mA/g. The good electrochemical properties could be attributed to its unique two-dimensional network structure.

Abstract: 本文使用还原反应法制备载银凹凸棒土(Ag/AT)纳米复合颗粒，利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X-射线能谱、X-射线衍射(XRD)对其纳米复合颗粒进行表征，并将其应用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)中，进一步提高DSSCs的光电转化效率。通过FESEM观察了Ag/AT纳米复合颗粒在TiO2电极表面的分布情况，研究了不同粒径的Ag/AT纳米复合颗粒对TiO2电极的吸收光谱以及对DSSCs光伏性能的影响。 Ag/AT nanocomposites were the preparation by chemical reduction for the application in DSSCs. The structure of the nanocomposites was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Mi-croscope (FESEM), X-ray spectroscope and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The spectra absorption of TiO2 electrodes and the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells with different size distribution of Ag/AT nanocomposites were studied. In addition, the nanocomposites distributed in the TiO2 electrodes surface were observed through the FESEM.

Abstract: 高玻璃形成能力的非晶成分设计是非晶合金领域的研究难点，目前还没有一个可定量化、普适性的方法来确定潜在的块体非晶合金新成分。本文综述了多种准则用于预测具有高非晶形成能力的合金成分。 Amorphous component design of the glass forming ability of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is the key problem in the field of the amorphous alloy. There is no method that can be quantified and is universal to determine the potential new composition of bulk metallic glasses. In this paper, we reviewed a variety of criteria used to predict the alloy composition which has the high amorphous formation ability.

Abstract: 本文阐述了聚合物基复合材料的特点，介绍了复合材料在汽车工业中的应用现状，并讨论了汽车用复合材料的发展前景。 Characteristics and process of polymer composites are presented. Applications of composite ma-terials on auto industry are also elaborated. In the end, the development trend of automotive composite materials is discussed.

Abstract: 扩散会产生应力，而产生的或内禀的应力又会影响扩散，这在薄膜材料中表现的尤为突出。本文介绍了常见的几个扩散模型和应力模型，并通过热力学的方法推导出了应力条件下的扩散方程。随后采用有限元差分方法模拟了不同应力模型下的扩散分布。 Diffusion of atoms in the materials can cause stress, and the produced and/or intrinsic stress may influence the diffusion process, which is more pronounced in the thin films. In this paper, some common diffusion and stress models are summarized and the diffusion equations under stress are deduced based on the thermodynamics. The diffusion profiles with different stress models are then simulated by the finite difference method.

Abstract: 本文通过冲压折叠法制造6061铝合金正四面体点阵夹芯芯体结构，采用钎焊连接面板及芯体，研究了相对密度为0.05正四面体点阵夹芯材料在T6、T7及退火三种不同热处理状态下的准静态压缩(初始应变速率为10−3 S−1)行为。研究结果表明：准静态压缩应力应变曲线均表现为三个明显的变形阶段，即线弹性阶段、较长的屈服阶段及致密化阶段，致密化应变为0.4；能量吸收主要发生在芯体剧烈的塑性变形阶段即较长的屈服阶段，吸能量T6态大于T7态，退火态最低；吸能效率由材料的塑性及强度共同决定，吸能效率T7总是大于T6，退火态开始最小，最后处于两者之间。 Tetrahedral lattice truss structures have been made by folding perforated 6061 aluminum alloy sheets. Simple air brazing was used to construct sandwich panels with cellular core; relative density was 0.05. The behavior of quasi-static compression (initial strain rate is 10−3 S−1) was studied in the present study, and three kinds of heart-treatment were investigated, which were T6, T7 and anneal. The results showed that: three distinct stages of deformation show in quasi-static compressive stress-strain curves, namely the linear elastic stage, the longer yield stage and the stage of densification, and densification strain is 0.4; energy absorption mainly occurs in the stage of longer yield, in which severe plastic deformations occur, and the energy absorption of T6 is higher than T7, while the anneal is the lowest; energy absorption efficiency is determined by the material plasticity and strength, and the energy absorption efficiency of T7 is greater than T6, while the annealed state is minimum at the beginning, and finally between T6 and T7.

Abstract: 本文将Fe3O4纳米颗粒分散在Ca、P溶液中，通过尿素酶催化水解尿素提高Ca、P溶液PH值，以纳米Fe3O4为成核位点，通过均相沉积法制备具有核–壳结构的Fe3O4/HA磁性复合物。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析手段分析探讨了Ca/P摩尔比和分散剂柠檬酸铵用量对磁性羟基磷灰石复合颗粒组成、结构和颗粒尺寸的影响。结果表明当溶液中Ca/P摩尔比为5:3，分散剂柠檬酸铵用量为1.5~3.0 g/500ml，Fe3O4磁性粒子基本完全被沉积的羟基磷灰石包覆，可制得颗粒尺寸较小的球状核壳结构磁性Fe3O4/HA复合物。 A core-shell nano-iron oxide/hydroxyapatite (Fe3O4/HA) composite was synthesized by using a homogeneous precipitation method. Fe3O4 nano-particles synthesized by chemical precipitation were dispersed and used as substrate in Ca, P solution to deposit HA on the Fe3O4 spheres through slowly increase of pH by decomposition of urea using urease as the catalytic. The influence of Ca/P molar ratio and varying dosages of dispersing agent (ammonium citrate) on the composition, structure and particle diameter of fabricated Fe3O4/HA was investigated. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scan-ning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that a spherical core-shell Fe3O4/HA composite with magnetic properties, and smaller particle size were obtained under Ca/P molar ratio of 5:3 and ammonium citrate concentration of 1.5 - 3.0 g/500ml.

Abstract: 本文对30CrMnSiA自锁螺母试验裂纹进行了宏观观察、断口扫描电镜观察和能谱分析，并结合了工艺试验进行了综合分析，结果表明：产生试验裂纹的根本原因是表面镀锌的螺母和表面镀镉的试验螺栓在300℃进行加温加载锁紧性能试验时发生液态金属致脆，采用表面镀锌的试验螺栓配合可有效避免类似的试验裂纹。 The test fractures of 30CrMnSiA self-locking nut were inspected by the macro-observation, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observation and energy spectrum analysis. Then, an overall analysis by synthesis method was conducted in combination with process tests. Finally, the results show that: the root cause for test fractures is liquid-metal embrittlement which may be occured when the zinc-plated nut fitted with a cadmium-plated test bolt is loaded and heated to test locking properties at 300˚C, and similar test fractures on the nut can be avoided effectively by mating with a zinc-plated test bolt.

Abstract: 本文采用维氏硬度计、拉伸力学性能测试，透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等实验分析手段，研究了2219环轧件在不同冷变形条件下的组织和力学性能。结果表明：随着冷变形程度的增加，合金达到峰值时效的时间明显缩短，其峰值硬度逐渐增加；材料的抗拉强度和屈服极限随时冷变形量的增加先增加后略微下降，冷变形量为3%时性能最佳，抗拉强度为426.54 MPa (轴向)、436.62 MPa (切向)、445.67 MPa (径向)和屈服强度为323.88 MPa (轴向)、334.35 MPa (切向)、336.72 MPa (径向)；随着冷变形量的增加，合金塑性整体呈下降趋势，以切向降低最为显著。随着冷变形程度的增加，合金析出相逐渐增长加厚，第二相粒子位错运动机制由切过机制转换为绕过机制。综合考虑，当变形量为3%时性能最佳。 The effect of cold-deformation about 2219 aluminum alloy ring rolled pieces was investigated by Vicker hardness TEM, SEM, and mechanical testing. Study shows that hardness and time of peak-aging gradually increase following the adding of cold-deformation. Yield strength or tensile strength increases firstly and then maintains as the cold-deformation adding. At deformation 3%, it has best properties with the tensile strength: 426.52 MPa (axial direction), 436.62 MPa (tangent direction) and 445.67 MPa (radial direction), and yield strength: 323.88 MPa (axial direction), 334.35 MPa (tangent direction), 336.72 MPa (radial direction). The elongation will decrease along with the cold-deformation adding, which is particularly significant along tangent direction. As cold-defor- mation increases, precipitation of alloy becomes longer and wider, the mechanism of dislocation changes to Orowan from the cross precipitation. In general, forge pieces have best prop-erties at 3% deformation.

Abstract: 本文采用磁控溅射法在硅基片上生长FePt颗粒薄膜。FePt膜层下面为MgO籽层，以此引发薄膜的L10相fct织构。在FePt薄膜中掺入C可减小其颗粒尺寸。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)和透射电镜(TEM)对FePt颗粒进行表征，结果表明制备的样品具有优良的L10相结构，其磁滞曲线表明方形度很好，而且垂直矫顽力能有26 kOe，颗粒大小为8.3 nm。高分辨透射电镜表征表明其优良的fct超晶格结构。该磁性薄膜有望应用于下一代高密度磁存储媒质。 Magnetron sputtering was applied to grow FePt granular film on a silicon substrate. A MgO inter-layer was in-between the film and substrate to induce the L10 structure in the FePt alloy film with fct texture. The carbon addition helps reduce the grain size of the film. XRD, SQUID and TEM were applied to measure its structure, magnetic properties, and microstructures, respectively. Results show that the film has excellent L10 order, and the squareness of MH loop is close to unity, with a high perpendicular coercivity of 26 kOe. The microstructure shows that it has small grain size of 8.3 nm with uniform distribution. High-resolution TEM image shows extremely excellent super- lattice structure in the L10 phase. This film is expected to be a promising candidate for ultra-high density magnetic recording in the future.

Abstract: 本文采用电化学沉积法制备了系列Cu2+掺杂的纳米ZnO材料，并用两步生长历程解释了材料的形成机制。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子探针能谱(EDS)等表征方法对材料物性进行分析，结果表明：Cu2+的掺杂可调控ZnO的形貌和尺寸，并且可以改变其光催化性能。甲基橙光(MO)催化降解测试结果表明，适量浓度的Cu2+掺杂可明显改善ZnO的光催化性能。当制备体系中的Cu2+浓度为1 × 10−4 mmol/L时，Cu2+掺杂的ZnO纳米材料的光电流密度为相同制备条件下所得纯ZnO的3倍。 Cu2+ doped ZnO nano material has been prepared by electrochemical deposition method and the formation mechanism of the material has been explained by two step growth process. The charac-teristics of Cu2+ doped ZnO nano material has been analysed by using the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the electron probe energy spectrum (EDS). The results show that the morphology and grain size of ZnO nano material could be regulated by doping Cu2+ and also the photocatalytic performance of ZnO was changed. The results of methyl orange photocatalytic degradation show that the photocatalytic performance of Cu2+ doped ZnO was improved by doping moderate Cu2+ and the photocurrent density of doped ZnO was three times of pure ZnO at the same condition, when the concentration of Cu2+ was 1 × 10−4 mmol/L.

Abstract: 本文采用锥形管浇注流变成形技术制备了半固态7075铝合金浆料，并研究了不同的固溶处理工艺对浆料组织的影响规律。结果表明，当固溶温度在460~475℃之间，固溶时间在1~6 h时，随着固溶温度的提高和固溶时间的延长，浆料组织中的第二相粒子逐渐的溶入基体中，初生晶粒的合并和长大现象并不明显。当固溶温度超过490℃时，组织中出现了较多的晶粒重熔及过烧现象，并出现了较多的晶粒异常长大和合并。晶粒的异常长大主要是由于组织中的晶界析出相在较高固溶温度下的快速溶解。当固溶温度为475℃时，随着固溶时间的延长，组织中的第二相粒子的溶解现象更加明显。 The semi-solid slurry of 7075 aluminum alloy was prepared by inverted cone-shaped pouring channel process, and the influence of process parameters on the microstructure evolution of 7075 aluminum alloy slurry during solution treatment was investigated. The results shows that when the solution temperature was between 460˚C - 475˚C, and the solution time was between 1 h - 6 h, as the solution temperature and solution time increased, the dissolution of secondary phase particles in the matrix of slurry was significantly enhanced, and the size of the primary α-Al was still small with a slightly reduce of shape factor. When the solution temperature was above 490˚C, the size of the primary α-Al was significantly enhanced and the grain remelting appeared. The increase in grain growth rate was ascribed to the dissolution of secondary phase particles, whose inhibiting effect on grain boundary migration decreased. When the solution temperature was 475˚C, as the solution time increased, the dissolution of secondary phase particles was more obvious.

Abstract: 以钛铁矿为原料，通过浓盐酸浸出法提取了其中的氧化钛和氧化铁，浸出率高达~97%，氧化钛和氧化铁的收率分别为~53%和~80%。并以氧化铁为原料合成了Fe3O4@SiO2磁核，通过固相合成及软化学剥离制备了二维氧化钛纳米片(TNSs)溶胶，并进一步制备了可磁分离的Fe3O4@SiO2@TNSs复合材料。以可见光或太阳光为光源，催化剂在H2O2辅助下表现出优异的活性，其降解RhB的速率常数分别是商品氧化钛P25以及Fe3O4/N-TiO2光催化剂的14.5倍和20.4倍。此外，相比于P25纳米氧化钛的难以回收，合成的Fe3O4@SiO2@TNSs催化剂在外磁场作用下实现快速回收。催化剂表现出极佳的稳定性和循环性，五次重复使用后仍能几乎完全降解有机污染物。 TiO2 and Fe2O3 were extracted from ilmenite using a HCl treating method, in which the conversion ratio of ilmenite was ~97% and the yields of TiO2 and Fe2O3 were respectively ~ 53% and ~80%. With the prepared Fe2O3 as the precursor, we synthesized the magnetic core of Fe3O4@SiO2, and fur-ther fabricated the magnetically separable Fe3O4@SiO2@ titania nanosheets (TNSs) composite by using the two-dimensional TNSs from the solid reaction and the followed soft-chemistry exfoliation. This composite exhibited superior photocatalytic performance with the H2O2 assistance under visible light or sun light irradiation, and its rate constant for degradation of Rhodamine B was respectively 14.5 and 20.4 times higher than those of Degussa P25 TiO2 and Fe3O4/N-TiO2 samples. Moreover, in comparison to the recycling difficulty of P25 TiO2, the prepared Fe3O4@SiO2@TNSs composite could be easily recovered by the external magnet. This composite also exhibited the excellent stability and reusability, and after 5 successive cycles the dye molecules still could be decomposed.

Abstract: 静电纺丝技术是一种制备纳米纤维的新型方法，制备出的纳米纤维具有长径比高、比表面积大和直径分布均匀等优点。用静电纺丝法制备陶瓷类尖晶石铁氧体，需要加入煅烧的实验步骤，煅烧温度、升温速率等条件会影响尖晶石铁氧体纳米纤维的晶体结构、形貌、磁性质等。离子掺杂通过改变尖晶石铁氧体纳米纤维中的金属离子占位来影响铁氧体纳米纤维的磁性质。文中总结了用静电纺丝法制备尖晶石铁氧体纳米纤维的几个重要影响因素和几种典型的离子掺杂，为尖晶石铁氧体纳米纤维的应用提供可行性实验方法。 Electrospinning technology is a novel method of preparing nanofibers, which have the advantages of high aspect ratio, large specific surface areas and uniform diameter distribution. In general, ce-ramic spinel ferrites are prepared by the electrospinning of precursors in the presence of polymers followed by calcination. The calcination conditions will influence the crystal structure, morphology and magnetic properties of spinel ferrite nanofibers, such as calcination temperature and heating rate. The effects of ion substitution on magnetic properties of spinel nanofibers are due to the change of cation distribution on A and B sites. This paper summed up several important influence factors and ion substitution in the preparation of spinel ferrite nanofibers by electrospinning, which provide a feasible experimental method for the application of spinel ferrite nanofiers.

Abstract: 本文应用修正的Darken模型，结合考虑薄膜尺寸效应的约束条件，对PdSi、Pd2Si、Pd3Si、Pd9Si2、Pd5Si合金薄膜的平衡态及动态表面偏析进行了模拟计算，其中，偏析参数，即偏析能ΔG和相互作用系数Ω，分别由Miedema模型和相图计算方法获得。结果表明：尺寸效应对Pd-Si合金薄膜体系偏析的影响不是很明显。 In this paper, equilibrium and kinetic surface segregation in Pd-Si alloy thin films are simulated by applying the modified Darken model under a constrained condition for taking into account the size effect. The corresponding segregation parameters, i.e. segregation energy and interaction parame-ter, are obtained by the Miedema model and the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method. The simulated results indicate that the size effect in the Pd-Si alloy thin film is not pronounced.

Abstract: 本文采用DSC测试了聚氧乙烯(PEO)和聚乳酸(PLA)的结晶温度(TC)和熔融温度(Tm)，用溶液共混方法制备了不同组成的PLA/PEO共混物薄膜，并对其进行了差示扫描量热(DSC)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)及偏光显微镜(POM)分析。结果表明：共混物中薄膜PLA的结晶温度和熔融温度随PEO在共混物中含量的增加而减小；而熔融温度降低的幅度较小，但是都比PLA均聚物的熔融温度低；PLA在共混物薄膜中的结晶形态与PLA均聚物一致，但结晶尺寸相差很大。 The crystalline temperature and melt temperature of PEO were measured by DSC. PLA/PEO blend thin films of different composition were synthesized by solution blending, and the thin films were tested by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) and Po-larized Optical Microscope (POM). The results demonstrate that the crystalline temperature and the melting temperature of PLA decrease when the content of PEO in blend materials increases. The range of the decrease of the melting temperature is smaller. Its melting temperature is lower than the melting temperature of PLA homopolymer. Crystalline morphology in blends is consistent with PLA homopolymer, but the crystal size is difference.

Abstract: 以4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(PBA)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为原料，采用预聚法合成了MDI基聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)。研究了硬段含量对TPU相关性能的影响。研究发现：随着硬段含量的提高，TPU的拉伸强度、软段相的玻璃化转变温度均呈现上升趋势，但TPU的断裂伸长率、初始热分解温度呈下降趋势。因此，为了获得优异的综合性能，TPU中硬段含量不宜过高。 4,4'-Phenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(1,4-butanediol hexandioic acid) ester (PBA) and 1,4- butanediol (BDO) were used as raw materials, and the pre-polymer method was adopted to syn-thesize MDI-based polyester polyurethane (TPU). The influences of the hard segment content on the relevant performances of TPU were investigated. The results showed that: with the increase of hard segment, the tensile strength of TPU and Tg of soft phase showed a rising trend. But the elongation at break and initial thermal decomposition temperature dropped dramatically. Therefore, in order to obtain excellent comprehensive performance, the hard segment content should not be too high.

Abstract: 利用光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和透射电镜等研究了名义成分为Mg-8.0Gd-2.5Y-0.5Nd-2.0Zr的合金的显微组织，测试了合金的力学性能。研究表明，Mg-8.0%Gd-2.5%Y-0.5%Nd-2.0%Zr合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体和主要沿晶界分布的第二相Mg5Gd和Mg24Y5组成，固溶处理后，Mg5Gd和Mg24Y5相基本消失，再经时效处理后，合金达到较好的力学性能，其室温、250℃和300℃的抗拉强度分别为312.04 MPa，271.99 MPa和199.81 MPa，其对应的延伸率分别为：3.4%，7.0%和12.7%。 The microstructure of magnesium alloy whose nominal composition is Mg-8.0Gd-2.5Y-0.5Nd-2.0Zr was investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray texture analysis and transmission electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties were obtained. The results show that the as-cast microstructures of Mg-8.0%Gd-2.5%Y-0.5%Nd-2.0%Zr alloy consists of α-Mg matrix and lamellar second-phase (Mg5Gd and Mg24Y5 phase) which distributes around α-Mg matrix. The Mg5Gd and Mg24Y5 phase basically disappeared after solution treatment. Then by aging treatment, alloys reach a good mechanical property. The mechanical properties of studied alloy at room temperature, 250˚C and 300˚C reach 312.04 MPa, 271.99 MPa and 199.81 MPa; the corresponding elongations are 3.4%, 7.0% and 12.7%.

Abstract: 在长输油气管道站场建设中，阀门、仪表和法兰的安装需要在主管道上开孔。高频直缝电阻焊管母材焊缝肉眼难以辨认，部分凸台安装位置距离电阻焊管焊缝很近甚至重合，因此凸台安装焊接对主管本身的影响程度需要深入研究分析。本文利用小孔法测量了高频直缝电阻焊管残余应力分布规律、凸台不同位置焊接对高频直缝电阻焊管原始残余应力的影响程度，发现电阻焊管开孔焊接凸台后，应力急剧上升，且凸台焊接对焊管纵焊缝上原始残余应力的影响远大于对管体的影响。 During the station construction of gas and oil Pipelines, valves, instrument and flanges installation requires tapping in the main pipeline. It is hardly to identify visually the base pipe straight seam location of high frequency electric resistance welding. Some boss mounting positions are very close to electric welding pipe seam. Hence, it is very necessary to study the deep research and analysis for the boss installation influence on the base pipeline. The paper analyses the residual stress dis-tribution on the high-frequency straight seam resistance welding pipeline by hole-drilling, and original residual stress impact about the different boss welding positions on high-frequency straight seam resistance welding pipe. There is a sharp rise in stress and the longitudinal weld re-sidual stress impact after the boss installation on the electric resistance weld pipes is much larger than the mother pipeline.

Abstract: 采用Ta坩埚熔炼法制备Mg-Zn-Zr-Yb镁合金，利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM/EDS)和维氏显微硬度仪等分析手段探究了稀土Yb含量对Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr-xYb (x = 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0)镁合金的显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明：合金中添加Yb元素，可以细化晶粒，当Yb含量为2.4 wt.%时，晶粒显著细化，晶粒大小也更为均匀。此外，能谱成分分析发现，稀土Yb在Mg基体中固溶度很小，主要分布在共晶组织中。固溶时效处理后，合金的硬度均有上升。不含Yb元素的镁合金，达到时效峰值的时间为10 h；添加Yb元素后，时效峰值时间缩短至3 h。且添加2.4 wt.% Yb时，时效峰硬度值增加最为明显。 Five Mg-Zn-Zr-xYb (x = 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0) magnesium alloys were prepared by using a special melting method that the pure elements were sealed in tantalum crucibles and melted in a furnace with the temperature program-controlled. The effect of the ytterbium addition in the alloys on their microsructures and mechanical properties was investigated by using the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer. The experimental results indicated that the grain refinement of the alloys is attained after the addition of ytterbium. Ytter-bium is also useful for the purification of grain boundary. The best grain refining effect was achieved in the alloy with the Yb addition of 2.4 wt.%. The EDS analysis suggested that the ytterbium content in the magnesium matrix is negligibly little. The added ytterbium is present almost wholy in the eutectic mixture. After the solution treatment and aging treatment, the hardness of the magnesium alloys increased. The 125˚C aging time for the magnesium alloys without ytterbium to reach the hardness peak is 10 h while those of the Yb-added magnesium alloys are shortened to be about 3 h. The alloy containing 2.4 wt.% Yb has the highest aging hardness peak.

Abstract: 本文中通过原位聚合方法成功制备了核壳型导电聚苯胺复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜，傅里叶红外光谱和X射线衍射等检测分析手段研究了材料的微观形貌和结构；利用热失重分析检测手段对材料的热稳定性进行了研究。实验结果表明通过原位聚合成功制备了核壳结构的复合材料，并且复合材料的综合性能与单一种类材料相比有较大的提升，成功的将芴的电子传输特性和聚苯胺的热稳定性结合在了一起。 The purpose of the work is to fabricate successfully PANI via preparing core-shell structure compo-site materials through in situ polymerization. The morphology, structure crystallinity, and thermal stability of synthesized composite were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Results of the experiment indicated that core-shell structure material is successfully synthesized via in situ polymerization, and compared to signal kind material, comprehensive performance of composite is greatly improved. Electron transport properties of fluorene and thermal stability of PANI are successfully combined together.

Abstract: 采用金相显微观察、扫描电镜观察、能谱仪及织构测试等手段，研究了Mg-8Gd-4Y-Nd-Zr合金在热压缩过程中组织与织构的演变规律，结果表明：经塑性变形后，形成了基面平行于压缩面的基面织构，但在变形初期，由于变形温度高，基面滑移和棱柱面滑移系均可被激活，形成基面织构和棱柱面织构共存的织构组态；在随后的变形过程中，棱柱面织构发生拉伸孪生，孪晶带的基面接近平行于压缩面，且孪晶界诱发动态再结晶，导致基面织构逐渐增强而棱柱面织构逐渐减弱。 Microstructure and texture evolution of Mg-8Gd-4Y-Nd-Zr alloy during hot compression were in-vestigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and texture testing. The results indicated that the basal texture was formed after deformation. However, both the basal slip and prismatic slip systems were activated due to the high deformation temperature, and the basal texture was coexisted with the prismatic texture. Then, twinning occurred in the grains with prismatic orientation, and the basal plane of the twin-ning zone was approximately parallel to the compression plane. The dynamic recrystallization was then occurred at the twin boundaries, which also resulted in the formation of basal texture.

Abstract: 大块非晶合金由于其独特的显微结构和优异性能而得到广泛的关注和研究。本文概述了大块非晶合金的国内外研究进展、发展体系及成分设计，重点介绍了合金的制备方法、优异性能及其产品应用，并对未来大块非晶合金在更多领域的应用进行展望。 Bulk amorphous alloys (bulk metallic glasses) are widely researched for its unique microstructure and excellent Properties. This paper summarizes the research progress in domestic and overseas, the development system and components design of bulk amorphous alloy, and focuses on the preparation method of the alloy, excellent product performance and its application, then, the ap-plication of bulk amorphous alloy in more fields is expected.

Abstract: 利用微弧氧化技术在AZ91D镁合金表层制备原位生长陶瓷膜，利用SEM、XRD等表征了镁基陶瓷膜，并研究了镁基陶瓷膜的摩擦磨损特性及磨损机理。结果表明，镁基陶瓷膜表面呈典型的微孔叠加多孔结构特征，其主要成分是Mg2SiO4、MgAl2O4、Mg3(PO4)2、MgO，膜层与基体结合紧密，结合力为14~15 N。不同载荷和不同摩擦速度等因素对镁基陶瓷膜的磨损都有很大的影响。随着载荷和滑动速度的增大，陶瓷膜的磨损失重也明显增大。油摩擦的磨耗较小，其磨损机理主要为疲劳磨损，同时也附带磨粒磨损。干摩擦的磨耗较大，其磨损是由磨粒和疲劳磨损共同造成的。 Ceramic film produced on magnesium alloy AZ91D was prepared by micro-arc oxidation. The morphology, phase composition and element distribution of ceramic membrane were tested by SEM, XRD. The growth process and characteristics of the film were analyzed. Then the friction and wear mechanism of coatings on magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation method were studied. The results showed that the main components of t coatings on magnesium alloy were Mg2SiO4, MgAl2O4, Mg3(PO4)2 and MgO. The film and the substrate are combined tightly with binding force 14 - 15 N. Factors such as different load and sliding wear speed have great influence on coatings of magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation. With the increase of load and sliding speed, the wear weight loss of ceramic coating is also obvious increase. Wear loss is smaller under oil friction condition, and its main wear mechanism is fatigue wear, with less abrasive wear. Wear loss is larger under dry friction condition, and its wear is caused by abrasive grain and fatigue wear together.

Abstract: 本论文制备了一种新型负载催化剂，GF-SALEN-Mn(II)，它以玻璃纤维为载体，纤维表面羟基化后，经过3-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GPTS)处理，在纤维表面形成硅烷分子层，经过几步反应负载上含有SALEN结构的配合物，用甲醇做溶剂配合上金属离子锰，制备成GF-SALEN-Mn(II)催化剂，并用红外光谱(IR)及核磁(HNMR)进行表征。以H2O2为氧化剂，考察了GF-SALEN-Mn(II)配合物对苯乙烯氧化反应的催化性能。探究了反应温度，氧化剂用量等条件对催化活性的影响，并考察了纤维固载金属催化剂的循环使用性能。实验结果表明，催化剂有很高的催化活性且苯乙烯的转化率可达84%。最佳反应条件为：温度为70℃，反应时间为10时，氧化剂H2O2的量为底物苯乙烯的五倍摩尔量，催化剂可以循环使用3次仍有较好的催化活性。 The goal of this paper is to prepare a new type of supported catalyst, GF-SALEN-Mn(II), which is synthesized by the following. The glass fibers were first hydroxylated, after which they were reacted with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) to form a silane monolayer, which was further reacted with synthetic salen ligand on subsequent treatment with Mn(OAc)2 in methanol and gave a glass fiber-supported N,N-bis-(saliylalehydde)-ethylendiamine manganese(II) complex [GF- SALEN-Mn(II)]. It was characterized by physicochemical techniques (FT-IR, HMNR). The catalyst was used in the oxidation of styrene with H2O2 as the oxidant. The important reaction conditions, such as the reaction temperature, the ratio of oxidant/styrene, and the recycle times were examined. The experimental results show that the catalyst reveals relatively high catalytic performance with 84% conversion for styrene. The suitable conditions are as follows: n(styrene): n(H2O2) = 1:5; the reaction temperature: 70˚C and the reaction time: 10 h. In addition, the catalyst used repeatedly for 3 times can still possess high catalytic activity.

Abstract: 采用传统固相烧结法制备(1−x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-xBa0.985La0.01TiO3 (KNN-xBLT, x = 0.01、0.02、0.04、0.05)无铅陶瓷并研究了BLT掺杂对KNN陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明：BLT的掺杂抑制了KNN-xBLT陶瓷晶粒的生长使陶瓷晶粒尺寸更均匀。在室温至350℃范围内，KNN-xBLT陶瓷的介电常数随着BLT掺杂量的增加而增大且居里温度向低温方向移动。0.95KNN-0.05BLT陶瓷是一种弛豫铁电体且在室温至350℃范围内最大介电常数4000，介电损耗小于0.02，暗示其在高温陶瓷电容器介质材料方面的应用潜力。在研究的组成范围内，KNN-xBLT陶瓷的相结构随BLT掺杂量的增加由正交相转变为四方相，当x = 0.04时，KNN-xBLT陶瓷为正交和四方两相共存。0.96KNN-0.04BLT陶瓷因正交相和四方相共存压电性能有所提高(d33 = 185 pC/N, kp = 0.39)，但距铅基压电陶瓷的性能还有差距。 The (1−x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-xBa0.985La0.01TiO3 (KNN-xBLT, x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.05) lead-free ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state sintering method. It was found that the phase structure of KNN-xBLT ceramics changed from the orthorhombic phase to the tetragonal phase with the increase of BLT content. When x = 0.04, the phase structure of KNN-xBLT ceramics was orthorhombic and tetragonal phase coexisting. The density increased and the grain size decreased with BLT increased. The dielectric constant of the KNN-xBLT ceramics increased with the increase of BLT content and the Curie temperature shifted to the low temperature in the temperature range from room temperature to 350˚C. The 0.95KNN-0.05BLT ceramic was a relaxor ferroelectric with high dielectric constant of ɛ > 4000 and the low dielectric loss of tanδ < 0.02 in the temperature range from room temperature to 350˚C. These results indicate that 0.95KNN-0.05BLT ceramics are promising candidate materials for preparing the high temperature multilayer ceramics capacitors. The 0.96KNN-0.04BLT ceramics obtain the optimum piezoelectric properties: d33 = 185 pC/N, kp = 0.39.

Abstract: 钛箔具有柔韧性和导电性，致密二氧化钛层可通过钛箔热氧化生成，而二氧化钛层在有机钙钛矿太阳能电池中可以作为电子传输层。本文通过使用钛箔作为支撑材料，设计并制备了柔性有机钙钛矿太阳能电池。其中通过在空气中热氧化钛箔制备致密二氧化钛电子传输层，然后利用溶液旋涂法依次在致密二氧化钛层上制备有机钙钛矿活性层、空穴传输层、透明电极层。研究表明，钛金属有机钙钛矿太阳能电池光生电压可达0.55 V，光生电流4.5 mA/cm2，该研究为制备基于柔性钛箔有机钙钛矿太阳能电池的空芯光纤太阳能电池奠定了基础。 Titanium foil is flexible and electroconductive, and a compact titanium dioxide layer can be gen-erated by thermal oxidation of it. The titanium dioxide layer can be served as the electron transport layer of an organic perovskite solar cell. A flexible perovskite solar cell was designed and fabricated by using the titanium foil as the substrate in this work. A titanium dioxide electron transport layer was formed by sintering the foil in air, then a perovskite organic active layer, a hole transport layer and a transparent electrode layer were deposited in sequence on the titanium dioxide layer via spin coating method. The as-prepared solar cell exhibits a photovoltage and photocurrent of 0.55 V and 4.5 mA/cm2, respectively. A hollow fiber structured organic perovskite solar cell is possibly established based on the flexible titanium foil solar cell.