Manchu Studies 

Abstract: The volcanic scenery and mineral spring turn Udalianchi City into the famous resort good for tour and convalesce.During 1720 - 1721,the Manchu archives of the Heilongjiang General Yamen,composed of Heilongjiang General's memorial to the Emperor Kangxi,official documents between the Heilongjiang General and the Butha Manager,recorded the volcanic activity of the Udalianchi Volcanoes,such as spurting time?place?products?extent?formed lakes,etc. The officers and soldiers observed,measured on the spot forty-three times,achieved a large number of data.The Manchu archives are not only firsthand materials for studying the volcanic geology and local history,but also help to develop tourist business to Udalianhic City. By analyzing and studying the Manchu archives,the writers wish to raise our level of understanding of the volcanoes culture and the Manchu archives

Abstract: The reindeer Ewenki,living in the Aoluguya Ewenki Nationality Autonomous Township of northeastern forests of the Great Xinganling Mountains,is the only ethnic group feeding reindeer in China.In 2003,the government carried out a policy of ecological immigration and moved them all to settle down in suburb.However,the reindeer often in half-wild state could not accustom to be tamed in fence or house,so the tamer and the animal had to return to the forests and go on the long lasted life.The situation of "setting but not living" made the ecological immigration in a much awkward position.It is a system project to bring about the thoroughly settlement of reindeer Ewenki,the nature feeding of reindeer and the harmony of man and animal,man and nature,which is also an important issue for us to study the sustainable development of minorities' area.

Abstract: Through the investigation of the actual uses of language in Ewenki habitat in Inner Mongolia and in the three Ewenki Families under different circumstances, I found that the people in Ewenki habitat in Inner Mongolia can master the mother tongue well, but those who are under 20 years old in the city have the tendency of transferring to use Chinese. The language attitude, the ethical identity and the actuality of language usage of the three families have non-dividable affiliation. On the whole Ewenki is on the stage of positive national identity, and consistently believes that Ewenki language can remain for ages.

Abstract: Language contact comes first in the course of national contact.Manchu language and written form had a special place in Qing Dynasty.However,in a period not too long,Manchu people had changed their language from single Manchu to Manchu and Chinese,finally to chinese only.From the view of cultural linguistics, the paper recounts the contact and merging course of Manchu language and Chinese, which also reflects the declining history of Manchu language.