Abstract: This study aims to describe themes and topics, implicatures, and language aspects in humor discourse in memes in online media The study employed the descriptive research design The data sources were 70 memes in four sites of online meme media, ie www memecomicindocom,wwwindomemecom, wwwmemecomicid, and www1cakcom The results of the study are as follows First, there are four meme themes in online media; they are social, political, legal, and religious themes Second, there are three implicatures in memes in online media, namely insinuation, suggestion, and the combination of insinuation and suggestion Third, there are two language aspects that support implicatures and result in humor in memes, namely the phonological and semantic aspects The phonological aspect includes the repetition of sounds which in literature is often called a rhyme The semantic aspect comprises the repetition of words and the use of similes, metaphors, hyperboles, personifications, syllogisms, abbreviations, and proverbs Keywords: themes, topics, implicatures, language aspects, memes

Abstract: This study aims to describe students’ learning difficulties in the Indonesian language learning process at the senior high school The research subjects were students of SMAN 1 Klaten, SMAN 1 Karangnongko, and SMAN 1 Karangdowo The data were collected by means of tests and interviews They were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques with the AnBuso computer program The results of the data analysis show that the students have difficulties in: the language sub-competencies of structure (6107%) and vocabulary (526%); the language competencies of listening (4188%), speaking (1889%), reading (2115%), and writing (2002%); and the literary competency at the levels of information (4569%), concepts (409%), perspectives (4174%), and appreciation (471%) These show that the difficulties are evenly distributed on the various components of learning materials, both for language and literary competencies, so that the solutions must be comprehensive including the selection of learning methods Keywords: learning difficulties, competencies, Indonesian language

Abstract: This study aims to describe Javanese traditional medical care in the Serat Primbon Jampi Jawi manuscript. It used the modern philology approach. The source of the research data was Serat Primbon Jampi Jawi Volume I, a collection of the Reksapustaka Library, Mangkunegaran, Surakarta. The research findings are as follows. First, Javanese traditional medical care is found for intestinal worms and dysentery (bloody stools). Second, the ingredients/medical prescriptions are in the form of: root (narcissus), wood/bark (sandalwood, kayu timur, and mesoyi), leaves (tamarind, lampes, and trawas), fruits (anise, chili, areca nut, and nutmeg), seeds (black cumin and coriander ), flowers (clove and apen), bulbs (garlic), and rhizomes (bengle, dlingo, and black curcuma). Other complementary ingredients are hot fresh water, salt, snakehead murrel, and starch. Third, herb/prescription processing methods include: (a) burning, (b) steaming in a rice steamer, (c) chewing, (d) smoothing, and (e) boiling. Fourth, the medical care methods include cekok (force-feeding) and sembur (spraying from the mouth for an external treatment). Keywords: traditional medical care, Javanese manuscript, cekok, sembur

Abstract: This study attempts to explore the positioning of women in literary narratives, particularly in the construction of the space known as “nation”. In discussions of nation and nationhood, these two concepts are frequently attributed to men. Questions of nationhood are also considered masculine, as nationhood is itself narrowly defined as nationalism or defense of the state. In such discussions, women are always excluded, as they are constructed quite differently from men. The narrative of nation is a complex one, in which men and women are differently constructed. Narratives of women are frequently and continuously reproduced, both by men and by women. If, in a social context, narratives of women are continuously reproduced, what are they like in literary narratives that construct the nation? What type of narration of women is constructed? Why is such a construction forefronted? This study specifically explains how women can be continuously present in literature. Keywords: women, construction, narration, nation, literature WANITA DAN REPRODUKSI NARASI SASTRA DALAM KONSTRUKSI BANGSA Abstrak Penelitian ini mencoba mengeksplorasi posisi perempuan dalam narasi sastra, terutama dalam konstruksi ruang yang dikenal sebagai “bangsa”. Dalam diskusi tentang bangsa dan kebangsaan, kedua konsep ini sering dikaitkan dengan laki-laki. Pertanyaan tentang kebangsaan juga dianggap maskulin, karena kebangsaan itu sendiri secara sempit didefinisikan sebagai nasionalisme atau pertahanan negara. Dalam diskusi semacam itu, perempuan selalu dikecualikan, karena dikonstruksi dengan cara yang berbeda dengan laki-laki. Narasi bangsa adalah hal yang kompleks; di dalamnya pria dan wanita dikonstruksi secara berbeda. Narasi perempuan sering dan terus diproduksi ulang, baik oleh pria maupun wanita. Jika dalam konteks sosial narasi perempuan terus-menerus direproduksi, bagaimana narasi perempuan dalam narasi sastra yang mengkonstruksi bangsa? Jenis narasi perempuan apa yang dikonstruksi? Mengapa konstruksi seperti itu dikedepankan? Penelitian ini secara khusus menjelaskan bagaimana wanita dapat terus hadir dalam sastra. Kata kunci: wanita, konstruksi, bangsa, sastra

Abstract: This study aims to describe character education values in HAMKA’s poems. It used the qualitative descriptive method. The data sources were HAMKA’s 11 poems in his books Kenang-kenangan 70 Tahun Buya HAMKA and Kenang-Kenangan Hidup. The data were collected by reading the content and meaning of each poem carefully and recording them. They were analyzed by the qualitative descriptive technique using Miles and Huberman’s model consisting of research focus identification, data reduction, data analysis and display, and inference making. The results show that HAMKA’s poems contain character education values that include: (1) religiosity, (2) honesty, (3) hard work, (4) autonomy, (5) nationalism spirit, (6) love of the homeland, 7) social care, and (8) responsibility. Through his poems HAMKA tried to convey meaningful messages about the giving of guidance to the reader to become a whole person with characters in the dimensions of heart, mind, body, feeling, and intention. Keywords: character education, poems, HAMKA

Abstract: Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan makna semiotis nama-nama makanan dalam sesaji selamatan mitoni atau tingkeban. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa leksikon nama-nama makanan sesaji selamatan tingkeban di Dukuh Pelem, Watangrejo, Pracimantoro, Wonogiri. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan metode simak (observasi) dan cakap (wawancara). Analisis data dengan metode etnosains dengan menerapkan teori segi tiga makna. Penyajian hasil analisis dengan metode deskriptif formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, terdapat sembilan nama makanan dalam sesaji tingkeban, yaitu: tumpeng pitu, tumpeng bathok bolu, tumpeng playon, sega rogoh, sega gendhong, sega guyeng, jenang procot, jenang baro-baro, dan klapa gadhing. Nama-nama tersebut dapat diklasifikasi ke dalam empat kategori, yaitu tumpeng, sega, jenang , dan jajanan. Kedua, pada leksikon nama-nama makanan sesaji selamatan tingkeban tercermin pemikiran pelaku sesaji yang berisi pesan moral yang adiluhung, yaitu adanya harapan keselamatan dalam kehamilan yang telah mencapai usia tujuh bulan. Kata kunci: makna semiotis, nama makanan sesaji, selamatan tingkeban SEMIOTIC MEANINGS OF FOOD NAMES IN THE TINGKEBAN RITUAL IN DUKUH PELEM, WONOGIRI REGENCY Abstract This study aims to describe the semiotic meanings of food names in the mitoni or tingkeban ritual. The research data are the lexicon of food names in the tingkeban ritual in Dukuh Pelem, Watangrejo, Pracimantoro, Wonogiri. The data were collected through observations and interviews. They were analyzed using the ethnoscience method by applying the theory on the triangle of meaning. The results of the analysis were presented by means of the formal and informal descriptive methods. The research findings are as follows. First, there are nine food names in the tingkeban ritual, i.e. tumpeng pitu, tumpeng bathok bolu, tumpeng playon, sega rogoh, sega gendhong, sega guyeng, jenang procot, jenang baro-baro, and klapa gadhing . The names can be classified into four categories, namely tumpeng, sega, jenang, and jajanan pasar . Second, the lexicon of the food names in the tingkeban ritual reflects the ritual participants’ cognition containing noble moral messages, namely the expectation of safety in the pregnancy that has reached the age of seven months. Keywords : semiotic meanings, ritual food names, tingkeban ritual

Abstract: Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan vitalitas (daya hidup, tingkat kesehatan) bahasa Sunda menghadapi bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian itu berancangan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan dua variabel bebas, yakni penggunaan bahasa Sunda yang dihadapkan dengan bahasa Indonesia dan kelompok pengguna bahasa Sunda sebagai bahasa pertama, yakni keluarga asli Sunda yang bermukim di Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Variabel terikatnya adalah pilihan bahasa, yakni bahasa Sunda atau bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa vitalitas bahasa Sunda kuat pada ranah kekeluargaan, transaksional, dan kekariban; tetapi lemah pada ranah kedinasan dan orang tidak dikenal. Dari segi kesepakatan, ranah keluarga, transaksional, dan kekariban juga menduduki tempat yang tinggi dibandingkan ranah kedinasan dan orang tidak dikenal. Penggunaan terbanyak bahasa Sunda ada pada ranah kekeluargaan, terutama pada saat informan berbicara dengan kakek/nenek dan ayah/ibu. Bahasa Sunda berkurang vitalitasnya pada ranah kedinasan dan ranah orang tidak dikenal. Kata kunci: vitalitas bahasa, bahasa pertama, bahasa Sunda THE VITALITY OF THE SUNDANESE LANGUAGE IN BANDUNG REGENCY Abstract This study aims to prove the vitality of the Sundanese language to face the Indonesian language. This was a quantitative study involving two independent variables, namely the use of the Sundanese language to confront the Indonesian language and groups of users of the Sundanese language as the first language, namely the native Sundanese families living in Bandung Regency, West Java. The dependent variable was the choice of language, i.e. the Sundanese or Indonesian language. The results prove that the vitality of the Sundanese language is strong in the family, transaction, and closeness domains; but it is weak in the official domain and that related to strangers. In terms of agreement, the family, transaction, and closeness domains also occupy a high position compared to the official domain and that related to strangers. The use of the Sundanese language with the highest frequency is in the family domain, especially when the informants talk with grandparents and fathers/mothers. The vitality of the Sundanese language lessens in the official domain and that related to strangers. Keywords: language vitality, first language, Sundanese language

Abstract: Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan gangguan komunikatif dalam tuturan lisan anak autis. Data penelitian berupa rekaman dialog tuturan anak autis di Kota Malang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik perekaman dan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama , ekolalia merupakan bentuk pengulangan kata, frasa, atau kalimat dalam tuturan dari orang lain. Kedua, abnormalitas pengucapan meliputi ketidaknormalan dalam proses, cara, dan perbuatan mengucapkan. Suara anak autis cenderung tersendat-sendat, dengan volume yang rendah, dan menunjukkan pola intonasi yang “aneh”. Ketiga , gangguan produksi bahasa yaitu kesulitan dalam menghasilkan kata-kata dari sistem simpanan auditorisnya untuk menyampaikan keinginannya. Kata kunci: gangguan komunikatif, tuturan lisan, anak autis COMMUNICATIVE DISORDERS IN ORAL SPEECH OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN Abstract This study aims to describe communicative disorders in oral speech of autistic children. The research data were in the form of the recording of dialogues of autistic children in Malang. The data collection used recording and observation techniques. The results of the study are as follows. First, ecolalia is a form of repetition of words, phrases, or sentences in others’ speech. Second, abnormalities of pronunciation include abnormalities in the process, manner, and act of utterance. The voice of an autistic child tends to be halting with a low volume, and shows a “strange” intonation pattern. Third, the language production disorder is the difficulty in generating the words from the auditory deposit system to express ideas. Keywords: communicative disorders, oral speech, autistic children

Abstract: This study aims to produce reading comprehension learning materials based on the PLAN strategy and to find out the appropriateness for Grade VII students. This was a design and development study. The stages were taken from those of Borg and Gall. The data were qualitative and quantitative in nature. The data trustworthiness was assessed in terms of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The research instruments were an interview guide and a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the qualitative technique and descriptive statistics. The research product is a reading comprehension course book consisting of an introduction, contents, and a supplement. The results of the evaluation by the the materials expert and the learning expert show that the developed course book is good in terms of content appropriateness, presentation, language, and graphics. These are indicated by a mean score of 3.78 from the the materials experts and 3.80 from the the learning expert. Keywords:learning materials, reading comprehension, PLAN strategy

Abstract: This study aims to describe lesbians’ identity, interaction, struggle, and other figures’ views of the existence of lesbian characters in Indonesian novels by female writers in the early 2000’s. This was a qualitative descriptive study. The data were collected by the documentation technique using the reading-recording strategy. The data analysis used the content analysis technique. The results of the study are as follows. First, the identity of lesbian characters includes: (a) lesbians of “butch”, “femme”, and “andro” types; (b) lesbians of the “butch” type behaving like men; (c) lesbians of the “femme”type like women; and (d) lesbian of the “andro”type whocan be like men and women. Second, the interactions include: (a) the interaction of lesbian characters with fellow lesbians in an overt manner, and (b) the interaction of lesbian characters with family and society in a covert manner. Third, lesbian characters struggle to maintain their existence. Fourth, the views of other figures on the existence of lesbian characters are partly positive and partly negative. Keywords: lesbian images, feminism, Indonesian novels, female writers

Abstract: Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeksripsikan nilai- nilai karakter dalam pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara. Subjek penelitian adalah 23 siswa kelas X A-3 SMKN 1 Bulango Utara, Kabupaten Gorontalo. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil observasi proses pembelajaran, hasil wawancara, dan deskripsi hasil studi dokumen. Selanjutnya, data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara bahasa Indonesia di SMK Negeri 1 Bulango Utara belum sepenuhnya mengandung nilai-nilai berkarakter. Nilai-nilai karakter yang selalu muncul adalah jujur, bertanggung jawab, percaya diri, ingin tahu atau cinta ilmu, dan menghargai orang lain. Sementara itu, nilai-nilai karakter yang intensitas kemunculannya kurang dalam setiap pembelajaran adalah bernalar (berpikir logis, kritis, kreatif, dan inovatif), santun, dan disiplin. Hasil pembelajaran mencakup hal-hal berikut: (a) objektivitas pembicaraan, (b) kualitas isi pembicaraan, (c) sasaran atau arah pembicaraan, dan (d) gaya berbicara. Kata kunci: keterampilan berbicara, nilai karakter, bahasa Indonesia, siswa SMK MORAL VALUES IN THE LEARNING OF INDONESIAN SPEAKING SKILLS AMONG VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Abstract This study aims to describe moral values in the learning of speaking skills. The research subjects were 23 students of Grade X A-3 SMKN 1 Bulango Utara, Gorontalo Regency. The data were the results of observations on the learning process, interviews, and description of the document study. The data were analyzed by the interactive model. The results show that the learning process of Indonesian speaking skills at SMK Negeri 1 Bulango Utara has not fully emphasized moral values. The values that always come up are honesty, responsibity, confidence, curiousity or love of science, and respect for others. Meanwhile, the values that rarely appear in learning are reasoning (logical, critical, creative, and innovative thinking), politeness, and discipline. The learning outcomes include: (a) the conversation objectivity, (b) the quality of the conversation content, (c) the goal or the direction of the conversation, and (d) the speaking style. Keywords: speaking skills, moral values, Indonesian, vocational high school students

Abstract: Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menjelaskan masa repatriasi sebagai pemicu fenomena uncanny ; (2) menjelaskan keanehan, keganjilan, ketakutan yang sering muncul pada diri tokoh cerita dari masa lalu kolonialnya; (3) menjelaskan upaya tokoh cerita menghadapi fenomena uncanny . Fenomena tersebut mencakup penampilan ganda yang terjadi secara berulang-ulang, misalnya rumah dan liyan yang membayang-bayangi, ketakutan akan mati serta perulangan-perulangan lain yang terjadi di luar kesadaran. Untuk mengungkap fenomena itu, digunakan metode pembacaan poskolonial yang berasumsi bahwa situasi uncanny hampir selalu hadir dalam novel-novel yang berkisah tentang praktik kolonialisme, khususnya dalam keluarga migran kolonial. Hal ini terjadi karena apa yang diinginkan tidak sesuai dengan yang didapatkan atau yang semula menyenangkan berubah menjadi sesuatu yang menakutkan. Sehubungan dengan itu, digunakan novel-novel poskolonial Hindia Belanda yang berkisah tentang periode 1942-1966, yaitu ketika orang Belanda baik totok maupun Indo mengalami berbagai tindakan kekerasan dan ketidakpastian. Kata kunci: ucanny , novel, pasca repatriasi, poskolonial UNCANNY PHENOMENA AND COLONIAL SHADOWS IN DUTCH INDIES POSTCOLONIAL NOVELS Abstract This study aims to: (1) explain the period of repatriation as a trigger of uncanny phenomena; (2) explain peculiarities, oddities, and fears that often arise in story characters from their colonial past; and (3) describe story characters’ efforts to face uncanny phenomena. Such phenomena include repeated double appearances, such as shadowy homes and others, fear of death, and other recurrences that occur outside of consciousness. To expose such phenomena, a postcolonial reading method is used by assuming that uncanny situations are almost always present in novels about the practice of colonialism, especially in colonial migrants’ families. This happens because what is desired does not match what is obtained or what is initially joyful turns into something scary. In relation to this, the Dutch Indies postcolonial novels narrating the 1942-1966 period are studied, when the Dutch people, both totok and indo , experienced various acts of violence and uncertainty. Keywords: ucanny, novels, post-repatriation, postcolonial

Abstract: This study aims to yield a product for the Javanese language maintenance through local culture in speech community in an anthropolinguistic study This research and development study used the Recursive, Reflective, Design, and Development (R2D2) design The development procedure consisted of four steps, ie designing a prototype, testing the prototype (through expert judgment and field testing), revising the prototype, and in a large scale producing a DVD of the Javanese language maintenance through local culture in speech community The data were analyzed by means of expert judgment and field testing using the mean score analysis technique The research and development product is a DVD of the Javanese language maintenance through local culture in speech communitysatisfying the acceptability requirement The product becomes an official document for the local government and related parties as a reference for the Javanese language maintenance The Java language as part of local culture is a cultural heritage that must be preserved To preserve local culture, cultural maintenance against external influences is necessary by completely, authentically, and officially documenting it Keywords: Javanese language maintenance, local culture, speech community, anthropolinguistics

Abstract: This study aims to describe reasoning patterns and strategies in teachers’ language in learning at junior high schools (JHSs) in Malang City. The study used the qualitative phenomenological approach. The subjects were teachers of the Indonesian language, Science, Mathematics, and Social Studies in two public JHSs and two private JHSs in Malang City. The data were collected through observations supported by video recording devices. The results of the study are as follows. First, the reasoning patterns in teachers’ language in learning consist of: (1) Topic + Comment and Comment + Topic patterns in the sentence level; (2) (a) Main Idea (MI) + Supporting Materials (SM), (b) SM + MI, (c) SM + MI + Further Supporting Materials (FSM), and (d) SM + Implied Main Idea (IMI) in the fragment level; and (3) (a) MI + SM, (b) SM + MI + SM + MI, (c) SM + MI + SM + MI + SM, and (d) MI + SM + MI in the discourse level. Second, the reasoning strategies in teachers’ language in learninginclude: (1) deductive strategies with examples, both direct and analoguos ones; (2) inductive strategies; and (3) mixed (convergent) strategies. Keywords: reasoning, teachers’ language, learning, construction

Abstract: This paper is a reflection about written translation’s transfer subcompetence as a two-folded process: a first moment of abstraction while reading the source text and a second of concretion writing the target text. These two mechanisms correlate directly with the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axis of language as exposed by Saussure and Jakobson. If we consider them as the two basic kinds of synecdoches, generalizing and particularizing, the result would be that transfer between a pair of languages functions exactly as metaphors do, according to the neorhetoric theories of the Group μ of Liege. In our line of reasoning, translation is considered mainly from the point of view of a linguistic and, therefore, mental process. However, translation competence is not exactly a linguistic competence and its nature seems to be completely different. Obviously, it works with pairs of languages instead of a single one, but it can still be related to some processes observed by Jakobson in aphasic patients. These linguistic mechanisms clearly connected with translation can be defined in terms of rhetoric figures, especially tropes. We add an example of Turkish-Spanish translation analyzing the problems presented by the differences of syntactic structures in both languages.

Abstract: This study was aimed at describing multicultural values, ways of expressing multicultural values, and the dynamics of multicultural values in Indonesian novels of the 2000s. The study purposively selected a sample of six novels that intensely carried the theme of multiculturalism. These were Laskar Pelangi, Larung, Jendela-jendela, Ayat-ayat Cinta, Jepun Negerinya Hiroko, and Partikel. The study used the descriptive qualitative method. The study obtained the following findings. First, there were four main multicultural values: (a) apreciasion of cultural pluralism, (b) valuing of the principles of humanism and fundamental human rights (FHR), (c) responsibility of the international society, (d) responsibility of the planet earth. Second, multicultural values are expressed through narrative elements and become an integral part of the entire story. Third, multicultural values move in the dynamics of locality to nationality and nationality to globality. Indonesian novels of the 2000s express Indonesian people in the contexts of world nation and citizens who are multicultural, having appreciative minds towards cultural pluralism, upholding humanism and FHR, taking responsibilities of sustaining the entirety of the world and planet earth. Keywords: multicultural, Indonesian novel, nasionality, globality, plurality

Abstract: Ceviribilimin en cok tartisilan alanlarindan biri olan siir cevirisi kuram ve uygulamaya donuk tartismalar icin bircok zorluk ortaya cikarmaktadir; ancak ayni zamanda siir cevirisini konu alan verimli calismalarin yapilmasinin onunu acmaya devam etmektedir. Bu calismanin amaci da, siirin varligi geregi metaforla yuklu oldugu dusuncesinden hareketle siir cevirisini farkli bir bakis acisi ve kuramsal arka planla ele almaktir. Bundan dolayi, Andre Lefevere tarafindan gelistirilen yeniden yazma kavramiyla birlikte, George Lakoff ve Mark Johnson tarafindan metafor kurami kapsaminda kullanilan ontolojik metafor, yapisal metafor, yonelimsel metafor ve kavramsal gosterim kavramlarna dayanan butunlesik bir inceleme yaklasimi sunulmaya calisilmaktadir. Yapilan incelemede, metaphor odakli bir yeniden yazma eylemi olarak cevirinin, cevirmenden izler tasimakla kalmadigi, ayni zamanda Birhan Keskin’in siirlerinin, cevirmenin metaforlar baglaminda aldigi kararlar ekseninde erek dil/yazin/kultur dizgesinde yeniden baglamsallastirildigi sonucuna ulasilmistir.

Abstract: Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bahasa, bentuk lingual, dan keterkaitannya dengan sasaran dan jenis iklan di televisi. Sumber data adalah wacana iklan di televisi. Pengumpulan data dengan observasi dan pencatatan. Analisis data melalui proses pengorganisasian dan kategorisasi menggunakan padan bahasa dan padan pragmatik. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, bahasa yang digunakan adalah Indonesia dan Inggris. Kedua , bentuk lingual berupa: kalimat bahasa Indonesia, kalimat bahasa Inggris, frase bahasa Inggris, dan kata bahasa Inggris. Ketiga, bahasa Indonesia dan campuran bahasa Indonesia-Inggris digunakan untuk sasaran sosial dan usia umum, sedangkan bahasa Inggris untuk sasaran kelas sosial tinggi dan usia muda. Kempat , bahasa Indonesia digunakan pada iklan produk/jasa pada umumnya, sedangkan bahasa Inggris digunakan pada iklan produk/jasa “mewah” dengan sasaran sosial tinggi dan usia muda. Kelima , kalimat bahasa Indonesia digunakan pada iklan dengan sasaran umum, baik dilihat dari kelas sosial maupun usia, sedangkan kalimat bahasa Inggris digunakan dalam iklan dengan sasaran kelas sosial tinggi dan usia muda. Kata kunci: penggunaan bahasa, bentuk lingual, kelas sosial, dan iklan LANGUAGES IN TELEVISION ADVERTISEMENTS IN INDONESIA Abstract This study aims to describe languages, lingual forms, and their relevance to the targets and types of advertisements on television. The data sources were advertisements on television. The data were collected through observations and recording. They were analyzed by organizing and categorizing them through language and pragmatic correspondences. The findings are as follows. First, the languages used are Indonesian and English. Second, the lingual forms include Indonesian sentences, English sentences, English phrases, and English words. Third, Indonesian and Indonesian-English mixes are used for the target with the social class and age on average, while English is for the high social class and youth. Fourth, Indonesian is used in product/service advertisements in general, while English is used in “luxury” product/service advertisements for the target with the high social class and young age. Fifth, Indonesian sentences are used in advertisements for the general target in terms of the social class and age, whereas English sentences are used in advertisements for the target with the high social class and young age. Keywords: use of languages, lingual forms, social class, advertisements

Abstract: Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pengetahuan budaya dan praktik sosial merejung dalam tari adat pada kelompok etnik Serawai di Bengkulu. Sumber data penelitian adalah naskah-naskah Ulu, yakni MNB 07.18, MNB 07.30, dan MNB 07.70 (koleksi Museum Negeri Bengkulu). Penelitian ini berbasis filologi dan analisisnya didukung analisis wacana, khususnya discourse and practice . Ketiga teks dalam naskah ditransliterasi dengan menggunakan edisi kritis. Adapun data pengetahuan budaya dan praktik merejung dalam tari adat dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan dan wawancara di desa Ujung Padang dan Nanjungan di Kecamatan Semidang Alas, Kabupaten Seluma. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, dalam ketiga naskah Ulu tertulis teks rejung (sejenis pantun) sebagaimana yang ditemukan dalam tradisi lisan yang biasa dibawakan secara berbalasan antara bujang dan gadis dalam tari adat pada bimbang (pesta) pernikahan. Kedua, sebagai wacana, ketiga teks Ulu merepresentasikan pengetahuan budaya dan praktik sosial merejung . Ketiga, sebagai wacana, ketiga teks merupakan transformasi dan rekontekstualisasi praktik sosial merejung dari kelompok etnik yang bersangkutan. Kata kunci: teks Ulu, rekontekstualisasi, transformasi, praktik sosial RECONTEXTUALIZATION OF THE SOCIAL PRACTICE OF MEREJUNG IN THE ULU MANUSCRIPT IN THE SERAWAI ETHNIC GROUP IN BENGKULU Abstract This study aims to describe the cultural knowledge and social practice of merejung in the traditional dance in the Serawai ethnic group in Bengkulu. The data sources were Ulu texts, namely MNB 07.18, MNB 07.30, and MNB 07.70 (a collection of the State Museum of Bengkulu). The study was based on philology and the analysis was supported by discourse analysis, especially discourse and practice. The three texts in the manuscripts were transliterated using a critical edition. The data of the cultural knowledge and practice of merejung in the traditional dance were collected through observations and interviews in Ujung Padang and Nanjungan villages, Semidang Alas District, Seluma Regency. The findings are as follows. First, in the three Ulu manuscripts, rejung (a kind of pantun ) texts are written as they are found in the oral tradition which is usually performed in an exchange between a boy and a girl in a traditional dance in a wedding bimbang (party). Second, as a discourse, all the three Ulu texts represent the cultural knowledge and social practice of merejung . Third, as a discourse, the three texts are the transformation and recontextualization of the social practice of merejung in the ethnic group concerned. Keywords: Ulu texts, recontextualization, transformation, social practice

Abstract: Gerong lyrics as the only orality in the Prambanan Ramayana ballet no longer present the story of Rama in its entirety. Although most gerong lyrics contain the scenes, the singers are not always fixated on the lyrics, but prioritize the tones of the chants. This study aims to reveal the structure and formula of gerong chants in the Prambanan Ramayana ballet. It used Levi-Strauss’ structuralism theory and Albert Lord’s formula theory and employed the qualitative descriptive method. The data were gerong lyrics and their chanting and various supporting orality elements. The results of the study show that the structure in the form of geronginter-lyric relation does not show the Ramayana story plot. In addition, a gerong chant formula is found. The chant formula becomes one of the developments of Lord’s formula theory giving priority to the formula of the oral lyrics. Keywords: Ramayana Ballet, structuralism, formula, gerong, chants

Abstract: The article discusses specific stylistic characteristics of translated literature and presents an analysis of the novel Soumission by the French author Michel Houellebecq and a translation of this novel into Lithuanian. The author of the article aims to evaluate if – and to what degree – the style and literary poetics of the novel is reflected in the translation. As soon as it was published in France in 2015, Soumission caused a lot of controversy because of the way Muslim community is represented in the novel; during the same year, a number of translations appeared, including a translation into Lithuanian. The analysis of the Lithuanian translation is founded on the insights of Lithuanian linguists Juozas Pikcilingis and Aldona Paulauskienė into the particular characteristics of literary, scientific, and administrative styles, including the problem of substantivization in the Lithuanian and French languages, as well as on the thoughts of the French researcher Henri Meshonnic on literary translation and the production of translated literature, in particular, the idea that it is vital to transfer the effect – not just the meaning – of words. The discussion of Houellebecq’s style is based on Roger Celestin’s article on the author’s language, and Juremir Machado Da Silva’s article characterising Houellebecq’s style and drawing translator’s attention to particular aspects of his language. The analysis of examples, collected from the French novel and its Lithuanian translation, leads to the conclusions that the works of Lithuanian linguists on Lithuanian stylistics, published several decades ago, appear to be still relevant today, and that translators not only sometimes fail to reflect the stylistic features of the original but also ignore the specifics of the Lithuanian genres and styles. The article concludes that the translator of Houellebecq’s Soumission fails to reproduce the author’s style: due to the excessive substantivization, which is not characteristic of Lithuanian literary style, the language of the novel takes a shift towards scientific or even administrative styles; the translation can hardly function as a work of translated literature. The author of the article states that the translation of Michel Houellebecq’s Soumission into Lithuanian is not equivalent neither in terms of style and language nor – generally – the meaning of the novel. The Lithuanian reader is deprived of the possibility to get acquainted with the real and authentic Michel Houellebecq’s Soumission.

Abstract: Bu makalede, dilde yabancilasmanin Turkiye’de is yerleri adlandirma uygulamalarindaki etkisi arastirilmaktadir. Calismada yabancilasmanin ve ozellikle Ingilizcelesmenin ulkedeki is yeri adlandirma uzerindeki etkisinin artarak devam ettigi ve cesitli yenilikci ve yaratici yollarla kendini gosterdigi ortaya konmaktadir. Onceki calismalarda is yeri adlandirmasinda kullanilan yabanci unsurlar uc ana kategoride toplanmistir: (i) Ingilizce veya Ingilizce olmayan (orn. Almanca ve Fransizca) yabanci sozcukler, (ii) Turkce ve yabanci sozcuk iceren hibrid unsurlar, (iii) Ingilizce yazim kurallari kullanilarak yapay olarak yaratilan Turkce sozcukler. Bu calismada ise mevcut uygulamalardan farkli olarak, ulkede yeni bir is yeri adlandirma uygulamasi oldugu gosterilmektedir. Unsuz ikizlesmesi olarak adlandirilabilecek bu yeni uygulama, is yeri adi olan sozcugun ortasindaki unsuzu kopyalamaktadir. Yeni olusan sozcuge bazen de Ingilizce bir sozcuk eklenmektedir. Bu yeni uygulama sozcugun hem hece yapisini hem de telaffuzunu degistirdigi icin onemli dilbilimsel sonuclar dogurmaktadir. Bu konuda yapilacak arastirmalar uygulamanin Turk dili uzerinde uzun vadeli etkileri olup olmayacagini saptamada faydali olacaktir.