Abstract: STRATEGI KEBAHASAAN PRESIDEN JOKOWI DALAM MENANAMKAN IDEOLOGI DAN MANIFESTO PEMERINTAHAN Rangga Asmara FKIP Universitas Tidar email: asmara@untidar.ac.id Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan strategi kebahasaan Presiden Jokowi dalam menanamkan ideologi dan manifesto pemerintahan.Penelitian menggunakan analisis wacana kritis model van Dijk. Sumber data penelitian adalah teks pidato Presiden Jokowi berjudul Di Bawah Kehendak Rakyat dan Konstitusi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan analisis dokumen dengan menelusuri struktur mikro dan makro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat strategi kebahasaan, yaitu strategi leksikon, stilistika, pronomina, dan sintaksis. Pada strategi leksikon dan stilistika ditemukan kosakata yang bervisi kelautan dan kerja sehingga membedakannya dengan presiden sebelumnya dan mencitrakan diri sebagai penjelmaan Soekarno. Pada strategi pronomina, Jokowi berusaha mengacaukan struktur dan mengaburkan makna pronomina: saya, kami, kita, dan rakyat sehingga membangkitkan kemenyatuan. Pada strategi sintaksis digunakan kalimat positif dan negatif untuk menokohkan diri (glorifikasi). Kata kunci: strategi kebahasaan, ideologi, dan manifesto pemerintahan PRESIDENT JOKOWI’S LANGUAGE STRATEGIES IN INCULCATING THE IDEOLOGY AND GOVERNMENT’S MANIFESTO Abstract This study aims to describe President Jokowi’s language strategies in inculcating the ideology and government’s manifesto. It employed van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis model. The data source was Jokowi’s speech text entitled Di Bawah Kehendak Rakyat dan Konstitusi. The data were collected using document analysis by tracing micro- and macrostructures. The findings show that there are four language strategies, i.e. lexical, stylistic, pronominal, and syntactic strategies. In the lexical and stylistic strategies, there are some words referring to marine and work, distinguishing Jokowi from the former presidents and creating his image as the incarnation of President Soekarno. In the pronominal strategy, Jokowi tries to turn the structure upside down and to blur the meanings of the pronouns saya, kami, kita, and rakyat in order to stimulate the unity. In the syntactic strategy, he uses both positive and negative sentences for his glorification. Keywords: language strategies, President Jokowi, ideology, government’s manifesto

Abstract: This study aims to explain ecological intelligence contents in electronic Indonesian language course books for junior high school (JHS) students. The methods in the study were literature review and content analysis. The ecological intelligence contents in the books include: (1) identifying ecosystem components; (2) comprehending the functions and uses of the components; (3) understanding environmental management systems; (4) understanding environmental values which comprise local wisdom and religious and normative values; (5) showing concern about environmental destruction and pollution; (6) adapting behavior to the environment; (7) solving problems arising from environmental impacts, either individually or collectively; (8) managing/preserving natural resources; and (9) exploiting the environment positively. The ecological intelligence contents are still dominated by the cognitive aspect and have not emphasized the comprehension, value internalization, and application aspects.

Abstract: Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbicara bahasa Indonesia dengan pendekatan komunikatif-kontekstual bagi mahasiswa asing di IAIN Tulungagung. Desain pengembangan mengunakan model R2D2 (Recursive Reflective Design and Development) dari Willis. Produk yang telah dikembangkandiujicobakan kepada 20 mahasiswa BIPA dari Thailand, 2 instruktur BIPA, dan 1 ahli pembelajaran BIPA. Uji efektivitas dengan rancangan pra-eksperimen, yakni dengan melakukan tes awal dan tes akhir pada kelompok tunggal tanpa kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 87% pebelajar merasa antusias dan senang karena contoh ungkapan dan dialog yang disajikan dalam buku ajar membantu mereka mampu berbicara bahasa Indonesia dengan lancar. Hasil uji-t menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor tes awal dan tes akhir. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara pada mahasiswa asing di IAIN Tulungagung. Kata kunci: keterampilan berbicara, pendekatan komunikatif-kontekstual, Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penutur Asing (BIPA) A MODEL OF A LEARNING PACKAGE FOR THE SPEAKING SKILL USING THE CONTEXTUAL COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS Abstract This study aims to develop a learning package for the Indonesian language speaking skill using the contextual communicative approach for foreign students at IAIN Tulungagung. The developmentdesign used the R2D2 (Recursive Reflective Design and Development) model adopted from Willis’s model (1995). The developed product was tried out to 20 BIPA (Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penutur Asing = Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers) students from Thailand, 2 BIPA instructors, and 1 BIPA teaching expert. The effectiveness testing employed a pre-experimental design by administering a pretest and a posttest to a single group without a control group. The result of the study showed that 87% of the students felt enthusiastic and happy because the examples of expressions and dialogs provided in the textbook helped them to speak the Indonesian language fluently. The result of the t-test analysis showed a significant difference between the pretest scores and the posttest scores. Therefore, it is concluded that the developed learning package significantly affects the speaking skill of the foreign students at IAIN Tulungagung. Keywords: speaking skill, contextual communicative approach, BIPA

Abstract: NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER DALAM TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI DALAM BUKU WIR BESUCHEN EINE MOSCHEE Tri Kartika Handayani, Sri Megawati dan Lia Malia FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta email: tri_kartika@uny.ac.id Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan: (1) jenis dan bentuk tuturan. (2) fungsi tuturan, dan (3) nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat dalam tuturan ilokusi dalam buku Wirbesucheneine Moschee (WBM) ‘Kami Mengunjungi Mesjid’. Data penelitian ini yaitu semua tuturan yang terdapat dalam WBM. Buku ini adalah salah satu buku bacaan siswa kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar di Jerman. Penelitian ini penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penyediaan data menggunakan metode simak bebas libat cakap (SBLC) dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode agih dan padan pragmatis. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan empat jenis tuturan, yaitu asertif, direktif, komisif dan ekspresif. Tiap jenis tuturan memiliki bentuk yang berbeda, yaitu tindak tutur langsung literal, tidak langsung literal, langsung tidak literal, dan tidak langsung tidak literal. Fungsi tuturan dalam buku WBM yaitu tuturan asertif, direktif, komisif dan ekspresif. Nilai-nilai karakter dalam buku WBM ada sepuluh, yaitu religius, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, demokratis, rasa ingin tahu, menghargai prestasi, bersahabat/komunikatif, dan peduli sosial. Kata kunci: nilai karakter, tuturan ilokusi, buku Wir besuchen eine Moschee MORAL VALUES IN THE ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACT IN CHILDREN’S BOOK WIR BESUCHEN EINE MOSCHEE Abstract This study aims to describe: (1) typesand forms of utterances, (2) functions of utterances, and (3) moral values in the illocutionary act in the children’s book Wir besuchen eine Moschee (WBM) ‘We Visit the Mosque’. The data are all utterances in WBM. The book is one of the textbooks for Grade V students of elementary schools in Germany. This was a qualitative descriptive study. The data were collected by the uninvolved conversation observation technique and analyzed by using the distribution and pragmatic correspondence methods. From the results of the analysis, four types of utterances are found: assertive, directive, commissive, and expressive. Each type of utterance has a different form, namely literal direct, literal indirect, non-literal direct, and non-literal indirect speech acts. The functions of utterances in WBM are assertive, directive, commissive, and expressive. There are ten moral values in WBM, namely religiosity, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creativity, democracy, curiosity, appreciation of achievement, friendship/communication, and social care. Keywords: moral values, illocutionary act, children’s book Wir besuchen eine Moschee

Abstract: This study aims to describe the topics Chinese students select in the learning of Indonesian language for foreign speakers (ILFS) for the credit transfer program at Yogyakarta State University (YSU). The research subjects were Chinese students joining the credit transfer program at YSU. The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that in general Chinese students like the topic of tourism/recreation. For the writing skill, most of them like the topic of tourism/ recreation. For the reading skill, they like the topics of foods, tourism, and entertainment. For the listening and speaking skills, they like the topic of entertainment. The reasons for the topic selection include, among others, beautiful Indonesian geography and nature, curiosity about tourist attractions in Indonesia, varieties of Indonesian foods, differences between Indonesian and Chinese cultures, and the two countries’ economic development. For them, the topics they like facilitate their Indonesian language learning.

Abstract: DEKONSTRUKSI TERHADAP KUASA PATRIARKI ATAS ALAM, LINGKUNGAN HIDUP, DAN PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL-NOVEL KARYA AYU UTAMI Wiyatmi, Maman Suryaman, dan Esti Swatikasari FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta email: wiyatmi@uny.ac.id Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan strategi dekonstruksi terhadap kuasa patriarki atas alam, lingkungan hidup, dan perempuan dalam novel-novel Ayu Utami. Penelitian ini menggunakan aliran pemikiran ekofeminisme. Sumber data adalah tiga novel karya Ayu Utami, yaitu Bilangan Fu, Manjali dan Cakrabirawa, dan Maya. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, ketiga novel tersebut menggambarkan perjuangan tokoh dalam melawan kuasa patriarki atas alam, lingkungan, dan perempuan yang terjadi di kawasan taman bumi Sewugunung dan situs candi Calwanarang di era Orde Baru. Kedua, bentuk perlawanan yang dilakukan tokoh sejalan dengan pemikiran ekofeminisme dan merupakan strategi dekonstruksi terhadap kuasa patriarki atas alam, lingkungan, dan perempuan. Kata kunci: ekofeminisme, alam, patriarki, novel, Ayu Utami THE DECONSTRUCTION OF PATRIARCHAL POWER OVER NATURE, ENVIRONMENT, AND WOMEN IN AYU UTAMI’S NOVELS Abstract This study aims to describe deconstruction strategies against patriarchal power over nature, environment, and women in Ayu Utami’s novels. The study used ecofeminism. The data sources were Ayu Utami’s three novels, namely Bilangan Fu, Manjali dan Cakrabirawa, and Maya. The findings are as follows. First, the three novels portray characters’ struggle against patriarchy power over nature, environment, and women in the Sewugunung park area and the Calwanarang temple site in the New Order era. Second, the forms of the resistance that the characters make are in line with ecofeminism and are deconstruction strategies against patriarchal power over nature,environment, and women. Keywords: ecofeminism, nature, patriarchy, novels, Ayu Utami

Abstract: PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA JAWA DALAM PERTUNJUKAN KESENIAN TRADISONAL DI JAWA TENGAH Hari Bakti Mardikantoro FBS Universitas Negeri Semarang email: haribaktim@mail.unnes.ac,id Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan bentuk pemertahanan bahasa Jawa dan mendeskripsikan faktor sosial budaya yang mempengaruhi pemertahanan bahasa Jawa dalam pertunjukan kesenian tradisional di Jawa Tengah. Data dalam penelitian ini dijaring dengan menggunakan metode simak. Analisis data dilakukan melalui dua prosedur, yaitu (1) analisis selama proses pengumpulan data dan (2) analisis setelah pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pemertahanan bahasa Jawa dalam pertunjukkan kesenian tradisional di Jawa Tengah meliputi bentuk prakata, tembang, doa, dan pantun. Faktor penyebab pemertahanan bahasa Jawa dalam pertunjukkan kesenian tradisonal di Jawa Tengah yakni upaya menjunjung tinggi budaya Jawa, daerah tempat tinggal/pertunjukan, keselarasann dengan gerak/tari dan musik/gamelan. Kata kunci: pemertahanan bahasa Jawa, pertunjukan kesenian tradisional JAVANESE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE IN TRADITIONAL ART PERFORMANCES IN CENTRAL JAVA Abstract This study aims to find out forms of the Javanese language maintenance and to describe socio-cultural factors affecting it in traditional art performances in Central Java. The data were collected through observations. The data analysis procedureincluded (1) the analysis during thedata collectionprocess and (2) the analysis after the data collection. The results of the study reveal that the forms of the Javanese language maintenance includeforewords, songs, prayers, and quatrains. Meanwhile, the factors affecting the the Javanese language maintenance in traditional art performances in Central Java include efforts to uphold the Javanese culture, areas of residence/performance, and harmony with movements/dances and music/gamelan. Keywords: Javanese language maintenance, traditional art performances

Abstract: This study aims to describe structures, functions, and values in Kaili folksongs in Central Sulawesi Province. It was conducted in four regencies/cities of Donggala, Sigi Biromaru, Parigi-Mautong, and Palu. The data were collected through recording, interviews, and document study. They were analyzed by means of Ricouere’s hermeneutic theory approach supported by cultural discourse theory, critical discourse analysis, content analysis, theory of folksong functions, and componential theory of values. The findings are as follows. First, the structures of Kaili folksongs comprise macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure representing Kaili people’s cultural ideology. Second, Kaili folksongs have ritual, social, educational, communicative and informative, and entertaining functions. Third, values in Kaili folksongs are religious, philosophical, ethical, and esthetic values.

Abstract: Penelitian bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk transformasi unsur cerita wayang dalam novel Amba dan Pulang. Subjek penelitian adalah novel Amba karya Laksmi Pamuntjak dan Pulang karya Leila S. Chudori. Data dikumpulkan lewat kajian pustaka dan analisis wacana; kedua novel sebagai sumber data primer dan buku-buku cerita wayang sebagai umber data sekunder. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Transformasi cerita wayang secara intensif ditemukan ada aspek penokohan dan alur. Transformasi penokohan mencakup tiga bentuk, yaitu hipogram nama dan karakter, karakter tanpa nama, dan nama tanpa karakter. Transformasi alur mencakup dua bentuk, yaitu kisah cinta segitiga dan hubungan kekeluargaan. Alur kisah cinta segitiga dalam novel Amba melibatkan tokoh Amba, Salwa, dan Bhisma yang berhipogram pada cerita wayang dengan tokoh yang sama. Alur kisah cinta segitiga novel Pulang melibatkan tokoh Dimas, Surti, dan Hananto yang secara metaforis berhipogram pada kisah cinta Bima, Drupadi, dan Arjuna. Kerinduan pada tanah air Dimas sebagai eksil berhipogram secara metaforis kepada Ekalaya.

Abstract: This study aims to find out the multitude of students’ grammatical errors in their undergraduate theses and the learning materials needed to counter this problem. The study was a survey involving 228 undergraduate theses from 28 English study programs from 17 out of the 34 provinces in Indonesia. Data analysis included grouping, counting, and ranking the data. The findings show that errors rank as follows: verb groups, finite verbs, subject-verb concords, predicates, concords of nouns, concords of numbers, clauses, passive voice, and word choices. The common-core grammar materials, which contain inter-lingual implications, are recommended to be used as a potential solution to improve the quality of undergraduate thesis writing for students of the English study program. Keywords: inter-language, grammatical errors, common-core grammar

Abstract: This study aims to describe: (1) the uniqueness of esthetic codes as a means to express events, and (2) forms of social esthetics in Jatisaba, a novel by Ramayda Akmal. It employed the stylistic approach focusing on the linguistic system analysis of literary works and interpretations to obtain holistic meanings. The data source was Jatisaba. The data were analyzed by: (1) descriptive technique, (2) hermeneutic understanding, and (3) interactivedialectic technique. The findings are as follows. First, the uniqueness of esthetic codes in Jatisaba is characterized by the use of language as an aesthetic means. The selection of appropriate figures of speech is capable of expressing characters’ experiences. Second, the social esthetics is described through the use of words or sentences related to sociocultural aspects to provide beauty nuances.

Abstract: TRANSFORMASI TEKS CERITA RAKYAT KE DALAM BENTUK CERITA BERGAMBAR SEBAGAI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA APRESIATIF Titin Setiartin R. FKIP Universitas Siliwangi Tasikmalaya email: setiar_tin@hotmail.com Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan transformasi teks cerita rakyat ke dalam bentuk cerita bergambar sebagai model pembelajaran membaca apresiatif. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan strategi campuran kualitatif-kuantitatif desain eksploratori sekuensial. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan uji validasi pola matching pretest posttest. Hasil analisis uji-t antara tes awal and tes akhir kelas uji coba terbatas, uji coba luas, dan uji validasi menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan. Hasil analisis perbedaan dua rerata terhadap data hasil uji coba pertama/terbatas diperoleh nilai t sebesar 11,992 dengan besaran perbedaan antara nilai tes awal dan nilai tes akhir sebesar 16,785 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran transformasi teks cerita yang dikembangkan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan membaca apresiatif. Model pembelajaran transformasi teks cerita efektif dan layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca apresiatif siswa kelas XII SMK. Kata kunci: transformasi teks, model pembelajaran, membaca apresiatif THE TRANSFORMATION OF FOLKLORE TEXTS INTO ILLUSTRATED STORIES AS A LEARNING MODEL OF APPRECIATIVE READING Abstract This study aims to describe the transformation of folklore texts into illustrated stories as a learning model of appreciative reading. This was a research and development study using a qualitative-quantitative mixed strategy with a sequential exploratory design. The data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using a validation test by matching the pretest and the posttest. The results of the analysis of the t-test for the pretest and the posttest in the small-scale tryout, large-scale tryout, and validation test showed significant differences. The results of the analysis of the difference between two means in the first or small-scale tryout showed t =11.992 with a difference of 16.785 between the pretest score and the posttest score and a significance value of 0.000. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed learning model using the transformation of story texts can improve appreciative reading skills. The model is effective and appropriate to be used to improve the appreciative reading skills of Grade XII students of the vocational high school. Keywords: transformation of texts, learning model, appreciative reading

Abstract: PETUNG DALAM PRIMBON JAWA Hartono FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret email: hartono@fkip.uns.ac.id Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan: (a) mengklasifikasikan, (b) mendeskripsikan makna, dan (c) menemukan sistem kognisi dan kearifan lokal petung primbon Jawa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif.Sumber data penelitian adalah Kitab Primbon Betaljemur Adammakna (KPBA). Tahapan penelitian meliputi: (a) terjemahan harfiah; (b) analisis konteks; (c) analisis ciri-ciri khas primbon; (d) analisis makna primbon; dan (e) menemukan sistem kognisi dan kearifan lokal. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, petung primbon berdasarkan keperluannya diklasifikasikan menjadi 16 petung, sedangkan berdasarkan simbol yang digunakan diklasifikasikan menjadi 57 petung. Kedua, petung primbon Jawa tidak bisa dipahami hanya berdasarkan makna harfiahnya, tetapi perlu mempertimbangkan makna lain yang membentuknya. Ketiga, petung primbon merupakan akumulasi dari kearifan lokal yang dapat menghasilkan ilmu titen. Ilmu titen dapat membangun sebuah sistem kognisi yang menghasilkan kearifan lokal berisi nasihat bijak untuk generasi mendatang. Kata kunci: petung, primbon Jawa, sistem kognisi, kearifan lokal PETUNGIN A JAVANESE PRIMBON Abstract This study aims to: (1) classify, (2) describe meanings, and (3) investigate the cognition system and local wisdom in petung (calculations) in a Javanese primbon (a handbook containing predictions). This was a qualitative descriptive study. The data source was Kitab Primbon Betaljemur Adammakna (KPBA). The research stages included: (a) literal translation; (b) analysis of contexts, (c) analysis of typical characteristics of the primbon, (d) semantic analysis of the primbon, and (e) investigation of the cognition system and local wisdom. The research findings are as follows. First, types of petung in the primbonbased on the needs are classified into 16 types and those based on the symbols are classified into 57 types. Second, petung in a Javanese primbon cannot be conceived based on the literal meaningonly, but other meanings constituting petung should be considered. Third, petung in a primbon is an accumulation of local wisrom resulting in ilmu titen (insight based on repeated observations). Ilmu titen can construct a cognition system resulting in local wisdom containing wise advice for the next generation. Keywords: petung, Javanese primbon, cognition system, local wisdom

Abstract: This study aims to describe the ideological construction in the Liberal Islam Network (LIN)’s religious discourses through lexico-grammatical features, namely vocabulary, grammar, and text structure. This was a qualitative study employing the critical discourse analysis approach. The research data were words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs. The data sources were texts from articles, reports, comments, press releases, and rubrics produced and published by LIN through www.islamlib.com. The findings show that the lexico-grammatical features are used to construct LIN’s ideology. Vocabulary includes classification, lexicalization, meaning relations, and metaphors. Grammar includes sentence modes, modality, personal pronouns, and passivization. Text structure includes interactional convention with participant control and text arrangement and sequencing. Interaction convention includes confirmation, topic direction, and formulation. Text arrangement and sequencing use general patterns and development patterns.

Abstract: PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF AND PRACTICES IN THE SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LEARNING MATERIALS Nurdin Noni FBS Universitas Negeri Makassar email: nurdinnoni@yahoo.com Abstract This study aims to describe: (a) teachers’ profiles, (b) teachers’ perceptions of the use of learning materials, and (c) practices in the selection and development of English learning materials by primary school teachers in Makassar City. The study used the descriptive method by involving primary school teachers of English. The sample consisted of 15 primary school teachers of English, randomly selected from two clusters, namely the city center and the suburb. The data were collected using a questionnaire. The results and discussion include the English teachers’ profiles, perceptions of, and practices in the selection and development of English learning materials for primary schools. In general, it can be concluded that the perceptions of primary school teachers of English are in line with their practices in the selection and development of learning materials. Keywords: perception and practices, selection and development of English learning materials PERSEPSI DAN PRAKTIK GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM PEMILIHAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN MATERI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan: (a) profil guru, (b) persepsi guru terhadap penggunaan materi pembelajaran, dan (c) praktik pemilihan dan pengembangan materi pembelajaran bahasa Inggris oleh guru sekolah dasar di Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan melibatkan 15 guru bahasa Inggris sekolah dasar yang dipilih secara acak dari dua klaster, yakni pusat kota dan daerah pinggiran kota. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan angket. Hasil dan pembahasan meliputi profil guru bahasa Inggris, persepsi, dan praktik pemilihan dan pengembangan bahan ajar bahasa Inggris untuk sekolah dasar. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa persepsi guru bahasa Inggris sekolah dasar memiliki kesesuaian dengan praktik yang mereka lakukan dalam pemilihan dan pengembangan bahan ajar. Kata kunci: persepsi dan praktik pembelajaran, pemilihan dan pengembangan materi pembelajaran and setting

Abstract: The study aims to describe gender violence phenomena in Danielle Steel’s novels. The data sources were his three novels entitled Malice, The Ghost, and Journey. The data analysis was content analysis using the interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings are as follows. First, gender violence includes physical, psychological, and sexual violence. Second, the causes of violence against women are: (a) gender discrimination, (b) weak law enforcement, and (c) dominance of patriarchal values.

Abstract: PERAN MUHAKAM DALAM ADAT PERKAWINAN SEBAGAIREPRESENTASI ADAB DAN ETIKA MELAYU SAMBAS Ahadi Sulissusiawan FKIP Universitas Tanjungpura email: ahadi.sulissusiawan@yahoo.com Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peran Muhakam sebagai representasi adab dan etika dalam adat perkawinan Melayu Sambas. Penelitian ini menggunakan kaidah analisis kualitatif.Data penelitian adalah ucapan (verbal), gerak-gerik (nonverbal), dan pakaian yang digunakan Muhakam ketika memberikan sambutan (alu-aluan) dan nasihat perkawinan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ucapan Muhakam menggambarkan hati yang ikhlas, penuh kasih sayang, dan belas kasihan.Muhakam memperlihatkan strategi ikhlas, merendah diri, dan meminta maaf sebagai representasi adab dan etika Melayu. Adab dan etika Muhakam dalam acara majelis adat perkawinan Melayu ditunjukkan dengan sikap dan perilaku yang dapat menumbuhkan simpati dan respon yang baik dari masyarakat. Kebijaksanaan dan kesantunan dalam berperilaku ditunjukkan oleh Muhakam dengan senyum, bertegur sapa, berjabat tangan, dan adab berpakaian. Peran penting tersebut menjadikan seorang Muhakam dianggap sebagai sosok yang dapat menjaga marwah keluarga dan masyarakat. Kata kunci: Muhakam, pemantun, adab dan etika Melayu, adat perkawinan A MUHAKAM’S ROLES IN THE WEDDING TRADITION AS A REPRESENTATION OF SAMBAS MALAY MANNERS AND ETHICS Abstract This study aims to describe the role of a Muhakam as a representation of manners and ethics in the Sambas Malay wedding tradition. This is a qualitative study. The research data are speech (verbal), gestures (nonverbal), and clothinga Muhakam is wearing when giving a speech (alu-aluan) and marital advice. The findings showthat a Muhakam’s speech depicts a sincere heart, full of affection and mercy. A Muhakam shows sincere, humble, and apologetic strategies as a representation of Malay manners and ethics. A Muhakam’s manners and ethics inthe Malay wedding tradition are shown by the attitude and behavior that can foster sympathy and good responses from the public. The wisdom and politeness in behavior are shown by a Muhakam by smiling, exchanging greetings, shaking hands, and dressing properly. These make a Muhakam considered as someone who can maintain the dignity of the family and society. Keywords: Muhakam, quatrain reciter, Malay manners and ethics, wedding tradition

Abstract: This study aims to: (a) assess the academic writing skills of non-language teachers, (b) analyze mistakes in their academic writing test results, and (c) identify factors causing the difficulties they encounter in developing their academic writing skills. The subjects were 126 non-language teachers who had participated in the teacher certification program from 14 regencies/cities in West Java Province. The findings show that on the whole their academic writing mean score is 57.2 of a total score of 100. Referring to an academic writing assessment scale, the mean score is fairly good. Writing experiences, training, and academic atmosphere are important factors that have contributions to teachers’ academic writing skills.

Abstract: This study aims to describe characteristics of the relationship between the possessor and the possessed in Indonesian possessive constructions in letters to the editor. The research data were sentences with possessive constructions collected from letters to the editor in Kedaulatan Rakyat and Kompas daily newspapers in 2015. The data were collected by reading and noting and were analyzed by means of the distributional method to determine the possessive constructions and the correspondence method to determine the relationships between the possessor and the possessed. The findings are as follows. First, the possessive constructions in letters to the editor are in the form of noun phrases with two types of constructions, namely (1) Common Noun + Personal Pronoun, and (2) Common Noun + Proper Noun. Second, there are two types of relationships between the possessor and the possessed in the possessive constructions, namely the kinship and ownership relationships. The relationships can be categorized into two possessive relationships, namely the lexical/inherent possessive relationship (kinship relationship) and the extrinsic possessive relationship (ownership relationship).

Abstract: This study aims to describe (1) aspects of violence in short stories in Jazz, Parfum, dan Insiden, (2) socio-political conditions as backgrounds to the violence, (3) the possibility for the fiction to reform society. The data source was Jazz, Parfum, dan Insiden by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The data were analyzed by the content analysis employing the descriptive qualitative technique. The data trustworthiness was assessed through the semantic validity. The findings show that (1) aspects of violence include murder, torture, kidnap, rape, and other types of violence, (2) socio-political conditions as backgrounds to the violence are human right violations including the Dili incident at the Santa Cruz cemetery on 12 November 1991 and the conditions of the occupied East Timor in general, and (3) the fiction has a role in forming readers’ awareness of violent acts by government apparatus in the occupation of East Timor by the New Order government that tended to be militaristic and authoritarian. The fiction indirectly gave contribution to the downfall of the New Order government and the independence of Timor Leste. Keywords: violence, East Timor, literature’s reflective role, literature’s formative role

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the patterns of German utterances in tour guiding related to cross-cultural aspects. This was a qualitative descriptive study in which the data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. The findings show that the cross-cultural implications are manifested by tour guides’ utterances to prepare a visit a tourist attraction. The utterances contain suggestion, information, and prohibition on doing things inappropriate for Indonesian culture such as how to shake hands and dress properly in a temple. Most utterances use the infinitive construction without a subject. They are communicative and understandable to German tourists. The utterances, however, do not seem to be polite enough based on German grammatical rules. Therefore, the patterns of utterances are designed for prospective German language speaking tour guides to learn.

Abstract: The paper compares Loki of the Scandinavian and Syrdon of the Caucasian material (the Nart epic tradition) with the evolution of the character of Prometheus as described in the early texts (Theogony and Works and Days by Hesiod) and with his later transformation as described in Prometheus Bound by Aeschilus. This comparison makes it possible to demonstrate the general pattern of evolution which can be described as (chthonian) deity → trickster → culture hero. In this we do not agree with Eleazar Meletinskij’s statemwent, according to which the culture hero – Demiurge – is the most ancient character in the world folklore, while the trickster is a subsequent transformation of the image of the culture hero. Employing the Greek model (Hesiod’s Theogony) as our starting point, we will argue that an intriguer / a trickster is the most ancient mythological character, while the culture hero emerges as a result of later developments.

Abstract: This study aims to (1) identify and compare the language competencies of German language teachers in Indonesia and Vietnam, and (2) identify the factors attributable to their competency levels. This was a qualitative descriptive study. The data were collected by means of questionnaires. The study shows that, based on the CEFR, the competencies of German language teachers in Vietnam are in the B2 level, while those of German language teachers in Indonesia are in the B1 level. The low competencies of German language teachers in Indonesia are caused by the language attrition and the lack of opportunities to receive language training.

Abstract: This paper explores the meaning of religion and piety in Plato’s Laws. A discussion of contemporary scholarship shows that currently there is a trend to emphasize ethical innovations in Plato’s later thought without discussing its relation to religion. However, an analysis of the key foundational narratives of Magnesia reveals that religion has a substantial role in the dialogue. Plato rethinks the meaning of piety in his last dialogue. On the one hand, he criticizes the traditional Greek religiosity by providing a way to reconcile the performative and the rational devotion to gods. On the other hand, piety is incorporated in ethical theory as a key structural component. Thus, piety emerges as one of the most fundamental ideas in the political project of Magnesia.

Abstract: The article deals with the traditional (folkloric, mythological) images of birds in Kristijonas Donelaitis’ The Seasons, mainly in the first part, “Spring Joys”. The article consists of three sections: the first deals with lines 1.107–108 and 142–144 of The Seasons, which refer to the folkloric imitation of nightingales; second — lines 1.111–114 and 127–130 (taking into account 1.80–84 and 98–104), where the nightingale is compared to sparrows, while the singing nightingale is an equivalent to the būrai (Krizas) worshiping God; third — lines 1.155–201, where Donelaitis describes the election of the “bird king”. All of these topics are folkloric, and the latter two have direct links with mythology.