TL;DR: The cellular aspects of podocyte dysfunction and the adaptive or maladaptive glomerular responses to podocyte injury that lead to its major consequence, glomerulosclerosis are focused on.

TL;DR: Simultaneous upregulation of F GF23 cleavage in osteocytes maintains near-normal levels of biologically active, intact circulating FGF23, whereas downregulated or impaired FGF24 cleavage may contribute to elevated intact serum FGF 23 in CKD.

TL;DR: Current knowledge on proximal tubule endocytic receptor function and regulation, and their role in renal development, protein reabsorption, albumin uptake, and normal renal physiology are reviewed.

TL;DR: The findings indicate a novel mechanism of chronic inflammation in patients with CKD and suggest that FGFR4 blockade might have therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects in CKD.

TL;DR: The findings establish the efficacy and safety of eculizumab for pediatric patients with aHUS and are consistent with proposed immediate eculIZumab initiation following diagnosis in children.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of available methods for assessment of muscle mass and functionality, with an emphasis on their accuracy in the setting of CKD patients, is presented, and the selection of reference cutoffs for defining conditions of muscle wasting and dysfunction is discussed.

TL;DR: Dramatic changes in mitochondrial structure in glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes, and proximal tubular epithelial cells are reported after 28 weeks of a high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice, indicating mitochondria protection can overcome lipotoxicity in the kidney and represent a novel upstream target for therapeutic development.

TL;DR: Combining the MEST score with cross-sectional clinical data at biopsy provides earlier risk prediction in IgAN than current best methods, which requires clinical data over 2 years of follow-up.

TL;DR: This microphysiological system can serve as an ideal platform for ex vivo modeling of renal drug clearance and drug-induced nephrotoxicity and can be used for preclinical screening of new chemical compounds prior to initiating human clinical trials.

TL;DR: The literature concerning the molecular basis of hemodialysis vascular access malfunction is examined and common pathways including inflammation, uremia, hypoxia, sheer stress, and increased thrombogenicity are identified.

TL;DR: The disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in nephrotic syndrome contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular and kidney disease and to the reduction of body mass and impaired exercise capacity.

TL;DR: Systematic surveillance for nephrotoxic medication exposure and near real-time AKI risk can lead to sustained reductions in avoidable harm and are translatable to other pediatric and nonpediatric hospitalized settings.

TL;DR: This phase 2b study demonstrated that vadadustat raised and maintained hemoglobin levels in a predictable and controlled manner while enhancing iron mobilization in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD.

TL;DR: The topic of organ cross talk in AKI is updated and potential therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes during AKI-associated multiple organ failure are focused on.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that in early chronic kidney disease stages adynamic bone disease characterized by low bone turnover occurs first, at least in a significant proportion of patients, and FGF23 and Klotho play a direct role in the transition from low- to high-turnover bone disease.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined renal cortical, medullary, and urinary oxygenation in ovine septic acute kidney injury and the response to resuscitation with norepinephrine.

TL;DR: Bariatric surgery may be an option to prevent kidney function decline in severely obese individuals and results were generally consistent among subgroups of patients with and without eGFR <90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), hypertension, and diabetes.

TL;DR: Recent studies on key fibrogenic molecular machinery in peritoneal fibrosis, such as the role of transforming growth factor-β/Smads, transforming growth factors-β β/Smad independent pathways, and noncoding RNAs, are presented.

TL;DR: Early NLRP3 inhibition by CP-456,773 may be an effective treatment for crystal nephropathy, and use of iGLuc transfected cells introduces a novel imaging technique for inflammasome activation in mice.

TL;DR: The results suggest that TMAO may represent a new potentially modifiable CV risk factor for CKD patients, and further studies are needed to determine sources of variability and if lowering of TmaO reduces CV risk in CKD.

TL;DR: Disturbed PTH metabolism, posttranslational modifications of PTH, and end-organ hyporesponsiveness to PTH may explain the poor performance of P TH as an outcome biomarker and precise target of therapy in the setting of CKD, at least in the gray middle target zone.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a study of United States kidney transplant recipients (years 2000-2013) to determine the association between warm ischemia time (the time from organ removal from cold storage to reperfusion with warm blood) and death/graft failure.

TL;DR: While osteoblast exposure to parathyroid hormone suppressed the expression of Wnt inhibitors, FGF23 directly inhibited the osteoblastic Wnt pathway through a soluble Klotho/MAPK-mediated process that required Dkk1 induction, providing a novel autocrine/paracrine mechanism for the adverse impact of high F GF23 levels on bone in chronic kidney disease.

TL;DR: In multivariable models, elevated baseline plasma KIM-1 was strongly associated with risk of early progressive renal decline, regardless of baseline clinical characteristics, serum TNFR1 or markers of glomerular damage.

TL;DR: A significant association exists between low HDL-C levels and risks of incident CKD and CKD progression, and further studies are needed to explain the increased risk of adverse renal outcomes in patients with high HDL- C.

TL;DR: Preemptive transplantation is associated with substantial benefits in allograft and patient survival among children with ESRD, particularly when compared with children who receive dialysis for >1 year, and policies to promote early access to transplantation and avoidance of dialysis whenever feasible are supported.

TL;DR: Hypoxia synergizes with elevated inorganic phosphate to enhance VSMC osteogenic transdifferentiation and thereby identifies HIF-1 as an early CKD-related pathological event, prospective marker, and potential target against vascular calcification in CKD relevant conditions.

TL;DR: Atypical anti- GBM nephritis is a rare variant of anti-GBM disease characterized clinically by an indolent course, no pulmonary involvement, and undetectable circulating α3NC1 antibodies.

TL;DR: Using the KDIGO guidelines in a correct way, "kidney damage" (confirmed proteinuria, hematuria) and the demonstration of chronicity of decreased eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), combined with the third percentile as a cutoff for the normality of eG FR for age and sex, overcome false positives and negatives, substantially decrease CKD3A prevalence, and greatly increase the accuracy of identifying CKD.