Abstract: Fungi Dreschslera oryzae or Helminthosporium oryzae often found in rice seeds and causes brown spot disease (brown spot disease). Symptoms of attack can be seen in nurseries and on mature plants. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of a consortium of biological control agents and secondary metabolites Trichoderma harzianum which is used as biopriming on rice seeds contaminated with D. oryzae. The treatment tried was without biological control agents as a control, consortium T. harzianum and A. chrococcum, consortia of three isolates Bacillus sp, consortium A. chrococcum, A. vinelandi, Azospirillum sp, Pseudomaonas cepacia, Penicillium sp, Acinetobacter sp, and secondary metabolites T. harzianum, designed using a Completely Randomized Design with five replications. The experiment used two methods, namely germinating rice seeds on gauze media and on soil media. The research results found that biopriming with the biological control agents and secondary metabolites T. harzianum on rice seeds, it has the effect of increasing shoot height, shoot fresh weight, seedling fresh weight, root length, and reducing disease intensity. In general, the use of the biological control agents and secondary metabolites T. harzianum has the same effect. The presence of chitinase enzymes and siderophore compounds in biological control agents and secondary metabolites T. harzianum has an effect on reducing disease intensity, while the hormones auxin and gibberellin have an effect on increasing shoot height, shoot fresh weight, seedling fresh weight and root length.

Abstract: Efforts to increase eggplant productivity are often constrained by plant damage by phytopathogens and pests. The use of secondary metabolites which are the result of the metabolism of biological agents for the control of phytopathogens and destructive pests in plants, and this is an environmentally friendly control measure. This study aimed to examine the use of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum to control fruit rot disease Phomopsis vexans and leaf destroying pests of Epilachna sp., and to increase eggplant yield. The treatments tried were secondary metabolites with concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The results showed that treatment of secondary metabolites of T. harzianum suppressed fruit rot disease Phomopsis, but had no effect on leaf damage by Epilachna. Treatment with a concentration of 10%, 20% and 30% respectively can reduce the intensity of the disease 51.65%, 64.25% and 69.63%. Leaf damage by Epilachna sp. was classified as mild for all concentration levels, ranging from 3.65 to 4.32%. Treatment of T. harzianum secondary metabolites with various levels of concentration affected on the fruit length, but did not affect on number of fruit, fruit diameter, and fruit weight.

Abstract: Carbofuran insecticide widely used in rice production. The carbofuran residue in agricultural threatens wide life and human health since its active ingredient carbamate is toxic. Humic acid (HA) amendment is an effective way to minimize the residue in soil since HA can adsorb the organic pollutant and induce growth of fungus that degrade the carbofuran. The objective of this research was to observe the influence of HA on the carbofuran residues in soil, straw, and rice; as well as yield of paddy (Oryza sativa L.) grown in carbofuran contaminated potted soil. The level of carbofuran residue in soil before experiment was 10 mg kg -1 . The experiment was setup in Randomized Block Design to test various HAs extracted from municipal waste, cow manure, and peat. The results indicated that humic acid didn’t affect plant growth and yield but decreased the carbofuran residue in straw and unhusked rice grain. Rhizosphere of rice treated with HA showed higher fungal count than control. This experiment suggests that HA were effectively used to control the carbofuran residue in soil and rice grown in low carbofuran-contamination agricultural soil.

Abstract: One of the efforts to facilitate the way of taking rice seeds from the nursery media is to use plastic sacks instead of directly from the soil. To obtain the best planting media, experiments have been carried out on the no tidal swamp Rice Fields, Pemulutan Village (3°05'42.7"S, 104°44'01.7"E), Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province from June to August 2022. The design method used was a Randomized Block Design. The treatments tested were four compositions of planting media mixtures, namely a mixture of soil with chicken manure, a mixture of black sand and chicken manure, a mixture of white sand and chicken manure, and black sand. The media composition ratio was 1:1 (V/V). All treatments were replicated three times to obtain 12 units. The seeds used are rice seeds of the Inpari 32 variety. The size of the seeding media made from plastic sacks was 160 cm x 100 cm, and the thickness of the entire planting media composition was 3 cm. The plastic sacks used had a length of 180 cm and a width of 112 cm, and were used as a pad for a rice nursery which were 160 cm x 100 cm, and the thickness of all media compositions was 3 cm. The composition of the four treatments prior to the study showed that the pH was relatively the same (6.9-7.0) and the EC valuesvaried greatly (207-7734 mS), and at 14 day after plant (DAP) there was a decrease in pH to 4.3-5.3 and EC decreased drastically with narrow variations being (170-384 dS/cm). Changes in the chemical properties of the media certainly had an impact on seed germination (70-90%) at 14 DAP of each media, and it turned out that the composiion of the type of planting media had significant effect on sprout height, number of leaves, leaf length and sprout root length. In general, it can be concluded that the best media composition for rice germination is soil and chicken manure.

Abstract: This research aimed to determine the effect of foliar fertilizer and vitamin B1 on the growth of cavendish banana plantlets at the acclimatization phase. This research was an experimental research conducted from July to October 2023 in the Greenhouse of the Agroecotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Serang, Banten. This research used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RCBD) which consisted of two factors. The first factor was the foliar fertilizer dosage consist of 5 levels, namely 0 g/l (N0), 1 g/l (N1), 1.5 g/l (N2), 2 g/l (N3) and 2.5 g/l (N3). l (N4). The second factor was the vitamin B1 dosage which consists of 3 levels, namely 1 ml/l (M1), 1.5 ml/l (M2) and 2 ml/l (M3). Each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 45 experimental units. The results showed that the foliar fertilizer dosage treatment had an effect on the parameters of plant height (2.79 cm), stem diameter (3.03 mm), number of leaves (2.33 leaves), leaf length (1.50 cm), leaf width (0 .90 cm), chlorophyll content (28.08 units). Meanwhile, the vitamin B1 dose treatment affected the parameters of stem diameter (2.20 mm), number of leaves (2 leaves), leaf length (1.44 cm) and leaf width (0.90 cm). There is an interaction between giving a dose of 2 g/l foliar fertilizer and 2 ml/l vitamin B1 on stem diameter 5 WAP (1.57 mm) and number of leaves 6 and 7 WAP (2 and 3 leaves).

Abstract: Utilizing idle land as agricultural land is one option that can be pursued to support national food security and independence. Indonesia has various types of alternative food commodities that have the potential to be developed on nutrient-poor land, one of which is hanjeli. Technical cultivation is needed to increase the growth and yield of hanjeli on sub-optimal land. This study aims to determine the best planting distance to increase hanjeli production on idle land. The research was conducted from October 2020 - March 2021 in Limau Manis, Padang City, West Sumatra. The materials used in this study were rice cultivar hanjeli seeds, manure (20 tons/ha) and NPK fertilizer (200 kg/ha). The experimental design used was Randomized Group Design with 3 groups and consisted of 8 plant spacing treatments (40 x 40 cm, 50 x 40 cm, 50 x 50, 50 x 60 cm, 50 x 70 cm, 50 x 80 cm, 50 x 90 cm, and 50 x 100 cm). Observation data were analyzed statistically to determine the influential treatment using the F test at the 5% level and significantly different data were tested using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. It was concluded that the spacing of 50 x 70 cm, 50 x 80 cm, 50 x 90 cm and 50 x 100 cm gave the best effect on the number of total tillers/plant, the number of productive tillers/plant, the number of seeds/plant, the percentage of filled seeds, the weight of filled seeds/plant. As for productivity, the spacing of 50 x 80 cm gave the best results.

Abstract: Utilization of saline land as an effort to increase rice productivity is still constrained by the adverse effects of salinity stress. The solution to this effort can be done by utilizing PGPR biofertilizers and applying ameliorant briquettes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using biofertilizers and ameliorant briquettes on saline soils with various levels of salinity on the growth of rice plants. This research was conducted at the Ciparanje Jatinangor screen house from September 2022 to January 2023. The research design used was a randomized block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment applied was PGPR biofertilizer, ameliorant briquettes, and their combination on saline soil 4 and 8 dS m -1 compared to control (non-saline soil). The results showed that PGPR biofertilizer increased the height of rice plants on saline soils 4 and 8 dS m -1 7 DAP. At 14 DAP, PGPR biofertilizer, ameliorant briquettes, and their combinations did not increase rice plant height, root length and volume, wet weight, and dry weight of rice plants, although the application of biofertilizers, ameliorant briquettes, and their combinations tended to increase wet weight and dry weight of rice plant compared to soil with the same salinity without biofertilizers and ameliorant briquettes.

Abstract: Kawista Fruits, which originates from India, were found in Pasinan village, Lekok, Pasuruan, East Java. People generally use this plant as med-icine, one of which is to cure diarrhea. That fuits has been consumed leaves quite a lot of fruit peel. One effort to utilize kawista fruit peel waste is to process into a useful material. Based on the research results, Kawista fruit peel extract at a concentration of 100% was effective in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella sp bacterial colonies. The characteristics of the raw materials for using kawista fruit peel as an antibacterial are very important to maintain the quality of the ingredients and to ensure the uniformity of their properties. Despite of that, information on the secondary metabolite content of kawista peel is also very important to know what compounds are useful as antibacterials. Based on the results of research using phytochemical analysis, the results obtained were that the secondary metabolite compounds contained in kawista fruit skin were flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid, saponin and tannin. Meanwhile, the results of the simplicia characterization showed that the drying shrinkage level was 10.516%, the air content was 4.778%, the ash total content was 10.918%, the air soluble essence content was 23.673%, and the ethanol soluble essence content was 12.756%. Based on standard parameter conditions, the drying shrinkage content, water content, air soluble essence content, and ethanol soluble essence content have met the standard parameters. Meanwhile, the total ash content does not meet the standard parameter requirements.

Abstract: Red chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is a important commodity and has high economic value in Indonesia. Obstacles in cultivating red chilli are pest attacks, namely aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). The use of predator (Coccinella transversalis Fabricius.) can be alternative to controlling A. gossypii and B. tabaci in a safe way. This research aims to know the ability of predator C. transversalis to prey nymph of A. gossypii and nymph of B. tabaci. This research was carried out at the Plant Pests Laboratory and Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University which was carried out for three months from Maret to Mei 2022. The study was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD), which consisted of six treatments and four replications. The treatments used was preying ability of the predator C. transversalis against A. gossypii and B. tabaci as prey. The results showed that the C. transversalis preferred the prey of the nymph A. gossypii compared to the prey of the nymph B. tabaci. Predator C. transversalis are able to prey on 46-48 A. gossypii nymphs per day and are able to prey on 43-44 B. tabaci nymphs per day. Preying ability of predator C. transversalis as biological agents with prey A. gossypii and B. tabaci between one male, one female and one pairs predator showed no difference in predation ability. Keywords : Coccinella transversalis Fabricius., Aphis gossypii Glover., Bemisia tabaci Genn., Preying ability

Abstract: This study aims to determine land suitability class for of plantation crops, namely; cocoa, arabica coffee and durian in Cemplang region, Ciomas district, Serang Regency. The research used several stages of research method including; collecting data and information, determining soil sample points and field surveys, taking soil samples and field observation, conducting laboratory analysis and assessing land suitability classes. Data processing was carried out using GIS through the ArcGIS application by overlaying and applying the matching method of land suitability parameters. The results showed that the assessment of land suitability at two sample points for cocoa plants was quite suitable (S2) with limiting factors for nutrient retention and erosion hazard, arabica coffee plants were not suitable (N) with temperature limiting factors, while the durian plants were by the marginal (S3) with the limiting factor of water availability. Efforts to improve the land can be made by making terracing, making drainage, applying agroforestry patterns, adding organic matter, liming and fertilizing.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate how the application of various concentrations of cytokinin affects the shoot multiplication in two varieties of banana ( Musa acuminata L.). The research was conducted at the Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. The study was designed as a Randomized Complete Block Design, consisting of two factors. The first factor included two types of banana varieties: Bagja and Cavendish. The second factor included six types of application of various concentrations of cytokinin, which were 1 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l BAP, 3 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l kinetin, 2 mg/l kinetin, and 3 mg/l kinetin. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the effect of cavendish banana varieties explant on the height of the plant, with an average value of 3.26 cm. The application of various concentrations of cytokinin didn’t show a significant effect on the parameters of the height of the plant, shoot emergence time, number of shoots, and time of root emergence.

Abstract: The response of plants to environmental stress depends on the type of plant, the level, and the duration of stress. Drought stress affects growth, development, and the content of secondary metabolites produced by the plant. Kumis kucing ( Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.) is one example of a tolerant plant to drought stress. A study was conducted to compare the effect of several drought stress levels on plant growth and its sinensetin content. For this purpose, the experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with a one-factor complete randomized design, namely the level of water availability. The treatment tested consisted of: 100; 50; 37.5; 25; 12.5 percent of field capacity. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and further tested with the Duncan Multiple Range Test level of 5% on significant results . The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method was employed to test the sinensetin content (in percentage). The results showed that low water availability (50-12.5% field capacity) harmed plant growth and negatively affected leaf, stem, and root dry weight. The reduction in growth was highly significant in plants with water availability of 12.5% of field capacity. In low water availability, the plant that experience drought stress produced greater sinensetin content (0.0133%). Increased sinensetin in drought stress condition is a biochemical and physiological response of plants to unfavourable conditions .