Abstract: The Safavid era marked a pivotal period in the evolution of Islamic Architecture in Iran. During this time, architectural styles moved beyond mere physical structures to embody profound spiritual concepts. These buildings conveyed specific mystical ideas through encoded messages, often using numerical symbolism, all aimed at evoking a sense of eternity. This study seeks to compare the divine concepts found in Islamic cosmology with the numerical ratios used in the design of the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, the research examined library resources and conducted field research to understand how numerical patterns in the mosque's architecture relate to philosophical concepts in Islamic cosmology. The findings reveal a consistent use of numbers such as ‘8’ and ‘9’ in various aspects of the mosque's design. These represent of mystical ideas associated with the eighth and ninth heavenly spheres, known as Ālam al-Malakūt in Islamic cosmology.

Abstract: Providing pedestrian pathways in tourist areas that align with the type of tourism and its typology is an effort to maximize the service for tourists. Tourists in religious areas have distinct characteristics, often arriving in groups. This study aims to analyze the design of pedestrian pathways based on the tourist typology of Menara Kudus Religious Tourism in order to facilitate circulation and support the mobility of visiting tourists. The research method to achieve this objective combines quantitative and qualitative methods, utilizing descriptive and cross-tabulation analysis techniques to determine the typology of tourists, the existing condition of pedestrian pathways, and the circulation of tourist patterns. This study shows that the existing condition of pedestrian pathways does not align with the typology of tourists due to narrow paths and the lack of differentiation between pedestrian pathways, motorcyclists, and street vendors. Additionally, the circulation patterns of tourists within the tourist area show that they enter and exit through the same pathways. These factors hinder the circulation and mobility of tourists during their visit. Therefore, the design of alternative pedestrian routes is recommended to address the hindrances to circulation and mobility and provide safe and comfortable pedestrian pathways for tourists.

Abstract: This study ventures into the interrelation of religious tradition and the design of floor coverings, specifically, the prayer mats utilized in the mandatory quintuple daily prayers by Muslims worldwide. Its primary focus is the relatively unfamiliar area of how religious sensitivities intersect with, and at times challenge, the development of patterns in mat design. Delving into the enigmatic metaphors intricately woven into these designs, the research reviewed the literature and illuminated the profound interplay between symbolic religious representation and the language of aesthetics. It additionally scrutinizes the potential conflicts that can emerge when sacred symbols are used unintentionally, underscoring the pivotal role of cultural consciousness and sensitivity in the realm of design. An extensive analysis of various prayer mats was conducted, dissecting their design composition to decipher any underlying symbolism. Upon its conclusion, the study proposed a set of 11 well-rounded recommendations, including the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). These guidelines are drafted through understanding of concept and design development, within the domain of Islamic aesthetics and religious sensitivities. These adaptable suggestions, backed by thorough research, hold the potential to act as valuable guidance for those involved in the designing and manufacturing industry of prayer mats, thus shaping the future direction of this art form.

Abstract: There is a historic monument called the “Sanjīda Mosque” in the old Rah-Rey district in the city of Qazvin. However, the patron and date of its construction are unknown. Regarding the physical evidence in the building, as well as written evidence provided in the restoration reports and the works of some previous researchers on the resemblance of the building form to that of mausoleums, it is plausible that the original building served another purpose before it was modified to function as a mosque. There are various views regarding its original function. Some believe that the building was originally a fire temple later converted into a “mosque.” There is also a famous hearsay that the dome chamber of the Sanjīda building is the burial place of Hasan-i Sabbāh, the leader of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlī sect in Iran. Yet, some others believe that it contains the tomb of one of Imam Mūsā Kāẓim’s (the seventh Shi‘i Imam) descendants. Consequently, the building presents a certain degree of complexity and ambiguity. The areas of ambiguity include the original form and function of the building, the existence of associated urban features, and the cause and date of modifying its function. In this research, we attempted to examine various types of physical and historical evidence to propose and discuss several suppositions regarding the original function of the Sanjīda building. According to the explicit physical evidence, as well as written and contextual evidence, the detailed result suggests that the hypothesis proposing a mausoleum as the original function of the building is more plausible compared to others.

Abstract: The customary stilt houses of Limo Koto Kampar Riau transformed their appearance. The result of the transformation from ladder to stair has developed its philosophical roots with Islamic values into a form that is more practical than symbolic. This study identifies the shift in the orientation of values that occurs by tracing the change from one level to the next through the reasons that become the motivations and goals of the residents in developing their houses. Using the Mean End Chain (MEC) method, it indicated that the value orientations that underlie the transformation from the ladder to the stair are Benevolence-Caring and Conformity-Interpersonal, which contain the postulates of Helpful, Family Security, and Respect Parents. It is just one example of how Adat values have transformed into benevolence and conformity in the traditional house of Limo Koto Kampar Riau. This value orientation has not experienced a shift from Islamic values. There is a transformation of form from the philosophical symbol on the ladder to the practical technical ladder. These findings are beneficial for understanding residents' motivations in developing their homes and contributing to addressing the preservation of traditional architecture.

Abstract: Islamic art and architecture, known globally, were once deeply rooted in Islamic philosophy and carried profound spiritual significance. However, contemporary Islamic architectural creations often imitate the external appearance of past masterpieces while neglecting their underlying spiritual essence. Over the past centuries, architectural design methods have evolved, leading traditional Islamic architectural styles, which once harmonized form and spirituality, to lose their original meanings. Consequently, they have strayed from the primary purpose of Islamic art, which is to serve as a reminder of God. This study seeks to identify the authentic sources of Islamic architecture. Through analytical and descriptive analyses, we delve into the fundamental factors that have shaped prevalent Islamic architectural forms. Building upon the intellectual foundations laid by Titus Burckhardt concerning sacred art, this research examines the prerequisites for creating such art. Finally, this study comprehensively explores Islamic principles and sub-principles related to architecture through content analysis of Sharia texts and compares them to contemporary mosque designs.

Abstract: The existing monuments and heritage could inspire the principles of Islamic aesthetics in architecture. We cannot simply copy the same ancient buildings; rather, we should apply the same principles. Western architects always find ways to design Islamic architecture and present its aesthetics. This study offers an overview of Islamic aesthetics in architecture as interpreted by Fernand Pouillon (FP). This study explores the architect through his thoughts, concepts, philosophy, social studies, construction materials, morphology, and selected case studies in the south of Algeria. The methods used for data collection include analyzing the architect’s writings and architectural designs using standardized thematic axes. This proposal aims to provide a comprehensive qualitative and analytical study of a pioneering Western architect influenced by Islamic architecture who worked in Algeria during the 20th decade, specifically focusing on his work in the south of Algeria.

Abstract: Cultural diversity influences different types of mosque roofs that can be seen even in neighboring districts. This paper examines the differences in mosque dome types in two areas that differ in terms of cultural diversity, namely the Ulu and Ilir areas of Palembang City. The Ulu area is known to have much lower cultural diversity than the Ilir area. The survey was conducted on 50 mosques located in Palembang City and spread across the two regions. We then categorized them into three roof coverings: dome, pyramid, and mixed. We also calculated a diversity index to assess social diversity in each region. Fisher's Exact test was then conducted to determine whether there were differences in dome types by region. It was found that round domes dominated the Ulu region, while pyramids and mixed domes dominated the Ilir region. The paper concludes that the cultural composition in the Ulu, which the Palembang Malay ethnic group dominates, encourages of using of the standard round dome. In contrast, the relatively high cultural diversity in the Ilir leads to the prominence of the identity of the elites who prioritize the pyramid dome and efforts to accommodate multiculturalism with the mixed dome. In particular, this article can encourage efforts to develop theories on architectural dynamics under the influence of cultural diversity in urban and rural areas.

Abstract: The first Islamic education since antiquity was carried out in the corners of mosques, commonly called Ashabussuffah. They are students who study with murshid or teachers to explore the lessons of religious science in life in the world and life after. Pesantren is an institution whose initial formation involved the active role of the surrounding community in developing local wisdom based on character education. The spatial pattern of Salafiyah Islamic Boarding Schools is unique in Nusantara Islamic Architecture because it has developed in interpreting space without fulfilling the legally applicable rules of the State's basic rules. The oldest and largest Islamic boarding school in Java is in Jombang Regency. This study aims to determine the characteristic pattern of spatial owned by the Darul 'Ulum Jombang Islamic boarding school. It can be a unique characteristic from the beginning of its formation. Until now, this research has used qualitative research methods, preceded by book references and combined with empiricists in the field and interviews with informants. Informants are community leaders, community members, students, alums, and Kiai. The results of this study divide the spatial zoning in the Darul 'Ulum Jombang Islamic boarding school: the Education Combination zone, settlement zone, pesantren zone, and free zone.

Abstract: Apart from encompassing building techniques, functionality, and aesthetics, architecture encompasses power relations and knowledge within a building design. The knowledge embraced by architects manifests itself within the building as a textual message that users can understand. This study explores the interaction between power relations and knowledge that give rise to discourse in the design of the Tuatunu Grand Mosque in Pangkalpinang, Bangka. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with random probability sampling, this research examines the influence of architects' power relations and knowledge on the architecture of the Tuatunu Grand Mosque. It sheds light on the discourse among its users. The findings of this study reveal that the architect employed two types of knowledge, namely Malay culture and Islamic values. These two types of knowledge are reflected in four concepts encompassing ten architectural elements. The analysis results demonstrate a readability rate of 75% for the discourse among the informants. This figure indicates that the users have a sufficient understanding of the messages conveyed through each architectural element. Malay culture emerges as the dominant and most prominent discourse in the mosque's design compared to Islamic values. Malay culture is applied in seven architectural elements, while Islamic values are only present in three.

Abstract: Research on Friday Mosques dominates the study of religious buildings in Java. Meanwhile, research on small mosques, particularly Langgar Dhuwur, remains limited. The purpose of this study is to examine two Langgar Dhuwur in Kauman Yogyakarta from architectural and narrative perspectives in order to reveal the architectural characteristics as well as their role in society. Direct visual observations, measured drawings, and narratives about the study’s context were conducted. Five major themes from the observations were analyzed and discussed to draw significant conclusions. It is concluded that Langgar Dhuwur is a unique architectural type that preserves Indonesia’s vernacular and pre-Islamic architecture. Langgar Dhuwur in Kauman designated the second floor as a sacred area following the Hindu-Buddhist concept of Triloka (Svarloka). As a public building, Langgar Dhuwur serves as a place of worship as well as a cultural and social center. Therefore, it can be regarded as one of Indonesia’s religious architectural treasures due to its distinctive architectural style and rich history. It is recommended that the existence of Langgar Dhuwur, which has a multifunction role in community development, be preserved. Future design needs to emphasize an architectural typology that follows residential architecture, flexible space, and an open plan to accommodate various activities in the micro-scale community area.

Abstract: Place identity relates to the meaning and importance of a place to its residents and users and how these meanings contribute to an individual's self-conceptualization. The order of Islamic values in a place as spirit can move the community to practice them daily to create identity, which will easily observed in public spaces. Islamic values in religious traditions are suspected to underlie ongoing social and economic activities in this space. This research aims to determine the identity of public spaces in urban settlements based on Islamic values on a city scale. The research paradigm is naturalistic, with case studies and qualitative descriptive research methods. The research location is the corridor of Sekarbela district, Mataram city, where most people are Muslim. Data collection involves interviews, observation, and documentation of activities. The analysis used behavior setting and spatial and micro activities techniques. Research results show that the representation of public space is practicing Islamic values through local traditions in spider networks centered on the mosque. The community agrees and works together to practice Islamic values for social togetherness, economic independence, and environmental comfort so that local traditions can continue and become the color of public spaces.

Abstract: Goy-Masjid of Tabriz is the only remaining architectural trace from the Muzaffariyya-complex of the Turkomans period of Qaraquyunlu, which displays the grandeur of its architecture. To This valuable historical structure, factors such as destructive earthquakes caused severe damage throughout history, and only from the historical documents and the ruins left, the greatness of its primal understood somehow. Even later, repairs and restorations were made for its protection. Some of these operations and other factors have caused changes in the mosque and its surroundings. According to historical documents, the research purpose was to describe the early condition and elements of the Muzaffariyya complex and changes in the mosque and its environs throughout history. For this purpose, the research question: What factors and conditions throughout history have caused changes in the Muzaffariyya-Complex and Goy-Masjid? The descriptive-analytical method was used for the research. The results showed that the damages caused to the Muzaffariyya complex and the Goy-Masjid have occurred throughout history due to natural and human factors. It has caused main changes to the architecture of the complex, and the current state of the Goy-Masjid and its surroundings is different from the initial state of the complex.

Abstract: Waqf is a Muslim culture directly related to urban spatial systems. The culture of Waqf that relates to land and buildings grows from a spirit of social generosity, and it cultivates shared communal spaces dedicated to the public interest. Waqf also cultivates an esoteric culture that binds the community to Islamic values. The existence of Waqf space, which has developed continually to the present day, begs the question of how this spatial concept came to be. Does this system offer a viable path to creating sustainable, urban, communal spaces? To answer this question, this research considered the conceptualization of Waqf space from a sustainable perspective. The research was conducted in the Kampong Kauman, Semarang Muslim community. A holistic single case study was conducted. The research indicated that the Waqf at the research location comprised seven spatial themes, including worship, learning, sharing, business, environmental infrastructure, Islamic broadcasting, and preservation. If these seven themes are abstracted into socio-environmental concepts, they can be mapped into three categories: public service, functional harmony, and adaptive comprehensiveness. These categories together construct an understanding of sustainable space within the Waqf framework.

Abstract: This study investigates the role of solar orientation in creating sustainable urban land systems in desert regions, using the Ksour of M'Zab in Algeria as a case study. The Ksour are vernacular Islamic and millenarian cities inhabited for centuries, and their urban design has evolved to respond to extreme climatic conditions, particularly insolation. Through a geometric analysis of the road system, this study demonstrates how the optimal orientation of urban lanes ensures the integration of extreme climatic conditions and creates comfortable streets for pedestrians. The study compares two old Ksour (El Atheuf and Beni Yezguen) with a new Ksar (Tafilalet) and statistically evaluates their solar orientation. The results show that solar orientation is a crucial tool for understanding the sustainability of desert cities. Thus, traditional knowledge and contemporary design practices can be integrated to create sustainable urbanism in arid environments. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable architecture by providing insights into how traditional knowledge can create resilient cities in challenging environments and promote sustainable development.

Abstract: The increase in urban areas is a natural process caused by urban development, especially caused by contemporary demand. On the contrary, there is a local community’s effort, such as Kampung Adat (Indigenous village) to maintain the area as a vernacular kampong. Therefore, there is a need to revitalize the area to make it compliant with vernacular cultural aspects. Revitalization is an upgrading condition in adaptation to contemporary demands. Meanwhile, vernacular wisdom has a local-oriented morphology, respectful to the harmony of socio-culture and the built environment. Kampung Adat Mahmud in Bandung District, West Java, is named after Eyang Mahmud, who was Bandung’s outstanding ulama (preacher). The Kampong has been revitalized in the spirit of Islamic sustainability, which united contemporary development and Islamic heritage preservation. Such revitalization is helpful to be studied. Therefore, the research aims to get a better understanding of how the vernacular community could implement revitalization in the context of Islamic sustainability, which contains functional (Hasan), good (Thoyib), and aesthetic (Jamil) values. The research methodology is qualitative descriptive, based on observation, and analyzed by the development of morphology kampong, neighborhood, and dwelling house. The result is the revitalization of the Kampong, which has been conducted by an approach that harmonizes the natural environment, vernacular character, and contemporary socio-economy activities.

Abstract: The Wapauwe ancient mosque in Maluku is historically and culturally significant, symbolizing the enduring bond between religion and the local community. This qualitative archaeological study examines the mosque's architectural aspects to explore this connection. The mosque is considered a result of careful thought and reflects origin-related factors and human behavior through its architectural elements. The Wapauwe Mosque shares similarities with ancient mosques found throughout the archipelago. Its three-tiered roof typology, supported by four pillars and a distinctive peak, represents the three stages of Islamic development, showcasing the integration of Islamic principles with local culture. The two-tiered roof of the Wapauwe Kaitetu mosque signifies an ongoing dialogue between religious scholars and the indigenous people, leading to architectural adaptations. Furthermore, the mosque's design elements carry symbolic meanings. The peak symbolizes monotheism and male fertility, while the pineapple-shaped pegs embody the fusion of animal carvings and flora. The rectangular plan signifies the influence of customs and religion, and the mimbar type reinforces the growth and development of religious traditions. Architecturally, the Wapauwe mosque features 12 supporting pillars, corresponding to the 12 fundamental values of Islamic teachings—comprising the five pillars of Islam, six pillars of faith, and Ihsan. This alignment also mirrors the concept of deliberative custom, which includes 12 institutional structures. These structures coexist and interact with the religious hierarchy and its apparatus, demonstrating a balanced and inclusive relationship between religion and locality within the governance of Maluku. Ultimately, the typology of the Wapauwe mosque emphasizes the deep connection between Islam and local culture. It serves as a testament to the culturally inclusive religious character of the community. This cultural Islamic society respects differences and embraces diversity as an integral aspect of religious teachings

Abstract: The manuscript aims to identify the meanings of the ornaments of Sultan Hadirin Astana Mosque in Mantingan Village, Tahunan Sub-District, Jepara Regency. The Mosque built by Ratu Kalinyamat and Sultan Hadirin in the 16th Century in Jepara was studied by iconographical theory. An observation and a literary study collected the data and descriptively described it. The research study showed that the Astana Mosque has peculiarities in the form of ornaments stuck to the Mosque's fence. The ornaments contain Hindu pre-Islamic, Chinese, and Jepara local indigenous ornaments, which have been conserved until now. The craftsmanship of the citizen of Jepara City, popularly known as a city of carving, was inspired by their ancestors. However, Muslim artists have taken a middle course by stylizing ornament forms contrary to Islamic Sharia, which do not change the substance, for example, the models of animals and humans. It showed the realization of a cultural tolerance model (craft art) necessary to be the role model of a cultured generation.

Abstract: Does the deep religiosity of Muslims significantly shape a neighborhood's meaning, or is it overshadowed by the visual appeal of the built environment? This question becomes relevant when the buildings' aesthetics do not embody the neighborhood's religiosity. To delve into this, research was carried out in the outlying settlements of Malang City, Indonesia, utilizing a mixed-method approach that blends qualitative methods such as observation and interviews with quantitative surveys. The qualitative approach validates the disconnection between the Islamic neighborhood religiosity and the built environment. Additionally, it identifies eight key factors influencing place meaning, encompassing neighborhood religiosity, the aesthetics of the built environment, social connections, and economic opportunities. Factor analysis highlighted that architectural features and qualities of the built environment had a more significant impact on residents' place meaning than the community's religious culture. Therefore, the aesthetic appeal of buildings plays a significantly more significant role in shaping residents' sense of belonging than the Islamic neighborhood religiosity. This unexpected finding challenges traditional assumptions about the strength of Muslim demography and Islamic religiosity in shaping place meaning. It urges urban planners, legislators, and architects to prioritize the aesthetic quality of the built environment when fostering vibrant and meaningful communities for Muslim residents.

Abstract: This study investigates the intricate connection between Islamic calligraphy and the architectural settings in which it is found. Islamic calligraphy is an extremely valued art form in the Islamic world and has historically been found in mosques, madrasas, and other Islamic buildings. Within the interior and exterior spaces of Islamic public buildings, the study gives a qualitative analysis centered on Islamic calligraphy's visual characteristics and placement principles. The study utilized chosen case studies, Al-Hambra in Spain and Al-Azem in Syria, to find and determine relevant visual features. An important understanding of the placement principles and critical visual characteristics of Islamic architectural public structures was obtained from the analytical review of these case studies. Three master calligraphers were interviewed to corroborate these results and add to the body of knowledge regarding the arrangement of Islamic calligraphy in the designated architectural contexts. The findings have important ramifications for using Islamic calligraphy in the architecture and decoration of historically and culturally significant public buildings.

Abstract: 16th-century Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan's mosques are one of the most efficient, refined, and elegant examples of mosque architecture. Sinan's mosques, replicated until today, have also been built widely with modern technology and materials. However, the incompatibility of the structural system and materials are seen in many new mosques is identified as a problem in this study. The study aims to develop a novel design with a contemporary structural system and material based on the principles and schemes of Sinan's highly praised and adopted mosques. First, an ideal form was derived by detecting a harmony between Sinan's mosques and the chain model; then, it was transformed and optimized according to the requirements of the timber (CLT) folded plate envisaged to be applied on a small scale. Proportions of the Sinan's mosques, parametric design and Turkish triangle were benefited to define the size and form of the emerging model. Afterward, they were discussed and evaluated in terms of plan, section, and facade. The discussion is focused on structural form yet also mentions design flexibility according to local touch and sites. Finally, a novel, contemporary, and adaptable design model that evokes the image of Sinan's mosques has been proposed.

Abstract: Despite their non-mandatory attendance in the mosques, women have been significant users of mosques in Indonesia. They organize community programs, attend daily prayers, and participate in Islamic learning sessions (kajian). Masjid Al-Irsyad (built in 2009) in Kota Baru Parahyangan, Indonesia, is a popular venue for the kajian among women in the surrounding area. This article examines the design of Masjid Al-Irsyad, its flexible uses as a social space, the design based on gender analysis aspects, women’s preference for space, and the social interactions fostered and hampered by the spatial layout. Based on using data withdrawn from a survey of female mosque users and observations, this article finds that the open plan allows flexible use of space, which better accommodates women’s need for space in the mosque and encourages women’s active participation, and a more equal yet remains “Islamic” interaction in the mosque as an Islamic community center. It also blurs the gendered spatial boundary and hierarchy. The space of Masjid Al-Irsyad is a socio-spatial assemblage that opens a broader opportunity for equal gender relations in the mosque. However, the open plan also reduces women’s privacy, an essential spatial aspect.

Abstract: Buildings in Islamic architecture are distinguished by dazzling features in general, especially religious buildings such as mosques, schools, and shrines. The literature could not find a clear identification of reaching the dazzling concept. Moreover, researchers in the Islamic architecture discipline did not focus on determining sufficient knowledge of the design methods of applying the dazzling approach in Islamic architecture, and they did not clarify a specific detailed vocabulary of Islamic dazzling concepts. However, the problem of the study was identified by observing the literature and buildings. Therefore, the formulated question encompasses “the unclear knowledge of applying designing procedure of dazzling characteristics in Islamic Architecture buildings.” The study raised an important question: “What is the design methodology of dazzling features in religious buildings within Islamic Architecture.” The study aims to identify the practical design elements, principles, and rules of the dazzling characteristics in religious buildings in Islamic architecture to draw out a guideline that designers can apply in contemporary Islamic Architecture. The theoretical framework of the dazzling concept was constructed to achieve this aim, with variables and sub-variables highlighted to identify the design methodology that can actualize dazzling concept in Islamic architecture by reviewing previous studies. The abstracted variables used in designing the checklist were applied to analyze the cases formally. Selecting cases from religious buildings from Islamic style depends on specific criteria. However, the results analyzed statically showed that dazzling concept in Islamic architecture applied in five major levels (structure, form, architectural elements, interior space, and ornamentation) with seven main principles (richness, exaggeration, uniqueness, complexity, proportion, and ambiguity). Richness is the most affected factor in applying clear dazzling concept, while exaggeration and uniqueness are second-rated factors that can impact the value. Dazzling concept is an essential characteristic that designers should apply in contemporary Islamic architecture.

Abstract: People with disabilities must be considered as one of the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque user groups. This happens because of the lack of accessible facilities and it is not in accordance with the standards set by the government. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research to determine whether the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque has met the accessibility criteria. The research aims to determine the accessibility of the Sheikh Zayed grand mosque. The results of the assessment are used as a basis for making improvements in the mosque accessibility. The method used is filling out an accessibility check sheet. The checklists are developed from the regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Housing of the Republic of Indonesia number 14/PRT/M/2017 and universal design. The level of accessibility is also determined based on the same regulation and universal design. The areas studied include: circulation/corridor, entrance/exit, ramp, stair/lift, handrail, wudu area, toilet, prayer room, parking area, as well as signs and information. The results of the accessibility index assessment showed that six areas of the mosque were categorized as accessible, two areas of the mosque were categorized as less accessible, and two areas of the mosque were categorized as inaccessible. Proposed improvements were made to the circulation area, ramps, stairs/elevators, handrails, wudhu areas, toilets, prayer rooms, parking areas, as well as signs and information.

Abstract: This article relates the traditional housing in an Algerian Islamic city called Blida. Its rich heritage is starting to disappear due to unaware destruction. To preserve its architectural heritage, we propose an experimental ontology of knowledge. It focuses on its mixed architecture's morphological and conceptual qualities to promote a new design adapted to the historic landscape. We have developed a heuristic method. It combines an analog approach with a digital tool. This method is structured from a spatio-temporal process for perceiving architectural language. The analysis of the characteristics begins through a morphological method constitutes the data collection phase of the ontology. Interpreting conceptual qualities concerning natural light is the second step for translation: the information phase. The development of operative paradigms constitutes the third stage for the perception of the learning phase. The resulting diagram illustrates the generative process with semantic modelling in a meaningful protocol. The result of morphology is representative sheets for artefacts, informed by its Morphological context and the sustainable design. Then, the result of the interpretation is the Eco models in qualified sheets represented through adaptive patterns. This protocol forms the conceptual basis of the knowledge ontology.

Abstract: The uniqueness of each place needs to be preserved; therefore, this research will explore determining the relationship between the physical and social aspects that create the sense of place. The focus was on two corridors functioning as the primary access to the Grand Mosque of Kampong Ampel and the nodes of the religious and commercial area of Surabaya City, Indonesia. One hundred visitors in each corridor, 200 respondents in total, were surveyed, and data were collected using questionnaires, documentation processes, and interviews with local visitors and pilgrims and analyzed with the multiple linear regression method. The independent variables used were physical and social aspects, while the dependent variable was the sense of place. The results showed that, on average, both physical and social aspects contributed almost the same values to the sense of place in the researched areas. The aspects of the first corridor at the Grand Mosque were found to provide a medium relationship estimated to be 55.0%. In contrast, the second corridor at the Ampel Suci had a higher result, approximately 58.6%, with the social aspect discovered to be higher than the physical aspects of the sense of place. The summary shows that the two corridors have an averagely influence the concept of a sense of place. Based on the finding in this study, it is recommended that both corridors preserve the physical and social aspects of the sense of place, while others should be improved.

Abstract: Identifier l'origine artistique de l'ornementation végétale sur marbre caractérisant le palais Aziza Bey est devenue un enjeu important dans une recherche sur l'architecture ottomane à Alger. Ce palais, dont la construction remonte au XVIe siècle , représente un merveilleux héritage architectural d'une époque bien connue pour les échanges culturels entre les deux rives de la Méditerranée. Suivant une approche originale, cette étude vise à apporter une réponse à cette question à l'aide de l'observation, de la littérature et de la numérisation (photogrammétrie, CAO). Nous nous sommes concentrés sur l'ornementation végétale de quelques portes et encadrements de fenêtres en marbre à l'intérieur du palais afin de les interpréter selon deux contextes complémentaires : métaphysique et paramétrique. Cette recherche a révélé des résultats totalement inédits concernant l'origine orientale de l'ornementation florale, spécifiquement anatolienne, composée de Rumi et Hatayi. De plus, l’origine occidentale des ornements de fruits, de fleurs et de feuillages est spécifique à la Renaissance italienne. Ces deux registres se caractérisent par des expressions symboliques très significatives pour chaque culture.

Abstract: The evolution and cultural significance of the Jatti Miriek grave markers in Sarawak, Malaysia, are examined in this paper, along with their relationships to the Bajau Sunduk from the Sulu Archipelago and the Batu Aceh markings in Indonesia. With historical research and a visual comparison analysis, it seeks to understand the complex interplay of Islamic, cultural, and architectural influences on the Jatti Miriek grave marker designs. Examining 167 markers and interviewing local experts were made possible by doing fieldwork at 13 sites in Miri, Sarawak. The detailed information on Jatti Miriek grave markers is then examined with that of Batu Aceh and Bajau Sunduk using a visual analytical comparative study. The results show that Bajau Sunduk later influenced Jatti Miriek's designs, especially concerning materials and motifs, which originated in Batu Aceh. Studies of Southeast Asian cultural heritage and art history can benefit greatly from this research's improved comprehension of the socio-cultural influences forming these artifacts.

Abstract: Panjunan Arab Village is a residential area located in Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia, with most of its inhabitants of Arab ethnicity. This ethnic group arrived in Indonesia and underwent various acculturation processes, giving rise to several unique mixed cultures. Previously, this area was known as the largest center for pottery craftsmanship in Cirebon. Although the traditional activity of pottery-making is no longer found today, several manifestations of tradition still characterize the acculturation with the Arab ethnicity, such as the Red Mosque of Panjunan, Middle Eastern cuisine, and Middle Eastern music. Simultaneously, the Local Government of Cirebon City, in collaboration with the Directorate General of Creative Works from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, has a strategic plan to develop the Arab Village as a tourist area by exposing the distinctive features of the region through its traditions. The research was conducted by designing a framework model that synthesizes the strategies of Destination Branding combined with the concept of the Innovation Guiding Pyramid. Data collection was validated using data triangulation and analyzed by comparing the embodiment of culture in past and present conditions, PEST Analysis to determine the enduring values of tradition after undergoing interventions, SWOT Analysis to generate strategic ideas, and finally, hybridity analysis to create strategy points based on considerations of all previous analyses. This research yields strategic recommendations to develop an accurate image of the Panjunan Arab Village while still incorporating traditional elements as a strength of its identity and considering the intervening factors that influence it.