Abstract: Plankton merupakan organisme yang sangat peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan di sekitarnya, sehingga mampu menjadi penentu kehidupan di perairan serta dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi atau kualitas perairan. Keberadaan plankton pada suatu ekosistem perairan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai kondisi perairan tersebut melalui keanekaragaman jenis plankton dan tingkat produktivitas primer yang ada didalamnya. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan Februari – September 2021 ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan indeks keanekaragaman plankton dan tingkat produktivitas primer antara dua musim yaitu awal musim kemarau dan awal musim hujan di perairan Kabupaten Bantul, DIY. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif dengan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan. Prosedur penelitian dimulai dari pengumpulan data di lapangan, pengukuran parameter lingkungan, dan kegiatan laboratorium. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi terdapat pada awal musim kemarau dan dikategorikan indeks keanekaragaman sedang yang mengindikasikan terdapat keseimbangan antara struktur komunitas plankton dan kualitas lingkungan perairan. Tingkat produktivitas primer tertinggi terdapat pada awal musim hujan dan termasuk ke dalam golongan mesotrofik atau perairan dengan tingkat kesuburan sedang.

Abstract: The electroencephalogram (EEG) records the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain and is useful in diagnosing various brain conditions. It is commonly used in diagnosing epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Recent research has also suggested that EEG can be used to detect migraine, although the findings in this area are still being investigated. The aim of this study is to review the use of EEG in detecting migraine in past and recent investigations. EEG has been used in migraine studies since the early 20th century, and subsequent studies have explored its use in understanding the pathophysiology of migraine and developing new treatments for the condition. Abnormal EEG patterns, including increased theta and delta activity and decreased alpha and beta activity, have been found in migraine patients during attacks. Studies have shown that EEG can be used to detect migraine and identify specific EEG biomarkers of the condition. Resting-state functional connectivity and altered connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex have been linked to migraine chronification and may predict treatment outcomes in patients with chronic migraine. However, the specificity of EEG in diagnosing migraine is low, and more research is needed to determine its diagnostic utility.

Abstract: Agricultural wastes are by-product outputs of production and processing of agricultural products that contain bioactive compounds, which have many benefits on human health. Agricultural wastes produced from various sources such as cultivation, livestock, industrial means, and etc are great concern because of the problems of environmental pollution, recycling and utilization. Therefore, application of agricultural wastes in any other environmentally friendly way like compost production by fermenting the agricultural, animal feed production, food production and energy production (bio gas) is suggested. It can be concluded that recycling agricultural wastes is important and necessary for environment and economical saving. This recycling of agriculture wastes enhance agricultural and food production along with improve their quality.

Abstract: The study was concerned to determine the present status of the fish biodiversity in the Mathabhanga river, Chuadanga and its conversation measures based on the questionnaire interview with 40 fishers, focus group discussion with river bank community members and cross check interview with key informants. A field study was conducted for a period of four months from December, 2021 to March, 2022 to assess the fish biodiversity in the Mathabhanga river, investigate the existing fishing practices and also to identify proper management strategies for the conservation of fish biodiversity in the river. The results revealed that three categories of fishers were engaged in the Mathabhanga river namely, professional fishers (45.0%), seasonal fishers (37.5%) and subsistence fishers (17.5%). Shannon-Weaver diversity (H) and Margalef’s richness (D) values revealed that diversity and richness of fish species were the highest in March (H = 2.99, D = 4.45), followed by February (H = 2.96, D = 3.69) and January (H = 2.63, D = 3.15), while the lowest values were obtained in December (H = 2.60, D = 2.80). The Pielou’s evenness (e) values were found to be slightly varied with the variations of total number of species, being the highest in December (e = 0.94) and the lowest in January (e = 0.91). Different types of fishing gears like seine net, gill net, cast net, hook and line, and traps were found to be operated to catch fish by the fishers during this survey. A total of 26 fish species were identified in the catches of the Mathabhanga river. According to the survey, indiscriminate and overexploitation were found to be responsible for almost 40% loss, and pollution and siltation caused about 25% loss of ecosystem. Around 20% and 15% loss of ecosystem were caused by habitat destruction and changes of river course, respectively. As a result, the water quality was deteriorating day by day, and the availability of fish species and other aquatic biodiversity were decreasing gradually. During the survey, almost 16 fish species was found at a risk to be endangered. The specific conservation measures including community based fisheries management, establishment of sanctuary, control of pollution, maintenance of fishing gears and the implementation of fisheries act should need to be made for the sustainable utilization and conversation of fish biodiversity in the Mathabhanga river.

Abstract: In the south of Iraq, Malathion is frequently used in agricultural activities and over-fishing, significantly harming the environment and animals that live in the region's waterways.The 96-h LC50 toxicity of malathion was determined in Macrobrachium nipponense and the valuewas 61.27 µg/L. Based on the 96-h LC50 value, two concentrations (1:10 and 1:5 of the 96-h LC50)were selected as sublethal concentrations for 1 week exposure for histopathology analysis. Themost histopathological alterations in hepatopancreas were abnormal lumen ALU after 1 week ofexposure to Malathion with the sublethal concentration 6.12 µg/L. In the other sublethal concen-tration of Malathion 12.25 µg/L for 1 week exposure, abnormal lumen ALU; necrosis of epithelialcells NC; and necrosis of tubules were recorded.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of breed and sex on the body weight at different ages from birth to weaning and to compare with exotic ones. The data of live body weight at birth, 30 days, 60 days and weaning time were collected from a total of 180 lambs from two native sheep breeds namely Shkodrane and Lara e Polisit and two imported breeds Awassi and Il de France that are reared in the farm of the Center of Agricultural Technology Transfer of Korca region located in South East of Albania. All the lambs were from a single litter size. The mean body weight at birth was 3.3065 ± 0.307 kg, 7.847 ± 1.979 kg at the age of 30 days, 8.296 ± 2.015at 60 daysand 9.9161 ± 3.188 kg at weaning time of lambs of Shkodrane breed. The mean body weight of Lara e Polisit breed was 3.2500 ± 0.481 kg at birth, 8.9963 ± 2.565 kg at age 30days, 9.045 ± 2.155at 60 days and 10.1857 ± 3.078 kg at weaning time. The average birth weight of lambs from both imported breeds was 37.41% higher than that of both native breeds.The imported breeds have higher body weights at all post natal stages compared to the native breeds and the differences were highly significant (p<0.0001).Body weight at different ages until weaning was significantly affected by the breed effect (p<0.0001). The difference in the body weight of male and female lambs were significantonly at the age of 30 days (p<0.05). Average daily gains from birth to weaning time of lambs were 0.0782 kg and 0.085 kg for Shkodrane e Lara e Polisit, respectively.

Abstract: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui nilai konsentrasi LC50-48 jam insektisida metomil terhadap cacing tanah (Eisenia foetida) dan pengaruhnya terhadap biomassa, panjang tubuh dan jumlah cacing tanah (Eisenia foetida). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Tahap pertama yaitu uji pendahuluan untuk menentukan LC50-48 jam dan Tahap kedua yaitu uji pengaruh pemberian insektisida metomil konsentrasi 0 ppm; 4,64 ppm; 6,89 ppm; 10,23 ppm; 15,19 ppm dan 22,55 ppm. Analisis data biomassa, panjang tubuh dan jumlah cacing tanah dengan One Way ANOVA dan uji LSD (Least Significance Different) dengan aplikasi SPSS 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai konsentrasi LC50-48 jam insektisida metomil terhadap cacing tanah (Eisenia foetida) adalah 14,03 ppm dan perlakuan pemberian insektisida metomil konsentrasi rendah dan tinggi menunjukkan hasil terdapat perbedaan jumlah cacing tanah yang signifikan dan tidak terdapat perbedaan biomassa dan panjang tubuh cacing tanah yang signifikan.Kata kunci: Eisenia foetida, insektisida, LC50, metomil, pertumbuhanThe aims of this research to find the value concentration of LC50-48 hours methomyl insecticide againts to earthworms (Eisenia foetida) and its effect on the biomass, body length and number of earthworms (Eisenia foetida) when given methomyl insecticide. This research is an experimental research with Completely Randomized Design. The first stage is a premilinary test to obtain concentrations of LC50-48 hours and second stage is a test the effect of the methomyl insecticide at concentrate 0 ppm; 4,64 ppm; 6,89 ppm; 10,23 ppm; 15,19 ppm and 22,55 ppm. Biomass, body length and number of earthworms analyzed with One Way ANOVA test and Least Significance Different (LSD Test) with SPSS 16.0 application. The results showed that the concentration value of LC50-48 hours methomyl insecticide in earthworms (Eisenia foetida) is 14,03 ppm and the treatment of methomyl insecticide at low dan high concentration showed that there was a significant difference in the number of earthworms dan there was no significant difference in biomass and body length of earthworm.Keywords: : Eisenia foetida, growth, iinsecticide, LC50, metomil

Abstract: Caspases are key mediators of apoptosis. Caspase-8 mediates extrinsic, and caspase-9 initiates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The literature shows that there is a relation between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and apoptosis in cancer cells. Accordingly, the current research investigated the effects of aspirin on caspase-8 and -9 activity level in cervical cancer (Hela) cells. In this in vitro study, Hela cells were divided to control untreated group and the groups treated with 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 1.0, 1 and 10 mg/ml of aspirin. MTT method was used to determine the cell viability. The caspase colorimetric assay method was used to detect the caspase activity level. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student's t-test. The results showed that the cytotoxic concentration of aspirin significantly increased the activity level of caspase-9 (p<0.001), however, did not significantly change the caspase-8 activity level. It can be concluded that aspirin is able to initiate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.

Abstract: The human cells are electrical units and therefore are so sensitive to the electrical fields. More recent investigation has shown that the human cells have the ability to change direction as much by as 180° in response to electrical fields, according to which, positive or negative impact of electricity on human life have been argued in a number of studies. In vitro and in in vivo studies and clinical observations have shown that natural and artificial electric/electromagnetic fields may affect negatively or positively on human health. In one hand, the positive effects of electrical fields have been reported in tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer treatment, controlling the infection, and etc.; on the other hand, negative impact of electricity has been demonstrated on human health. It has been reported that electric/electromagnetic fields may have a significant role in cancer development. This review article aims to investigate the positive and negative impact of electric/electromagnetic fields on human health and life.

Abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the physical-chemical and microbiologicalcharacteristics of olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW) resulting from the extraction of olive oil inAlgerian Sahara in Ghardaia region, and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the OMWWextracts manifested by their phenolic compounds on the identified bacteria. This is the first studyof physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the olive mill wastewater resulting fromthe modern industrial unit of trituration of olives by three-phases centrifugation in Ghardaia re-gion in Algerian Sahara. The results showed that this effluent is too rich in organic matter thatis expressed by BOD5 and COD. It is also characterized by an acidic pH (4.8) and a high level ofphenolic compounds. The microbiological study of the olive oil mill wastewater showed the isola-tion of three GRAM positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidisand Bacillus subtilis ) and five fungal strains (Penicillium sp, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus fu-migatus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger ), and one strain of yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae. The results of the antibacterial activity showed that strains which were isolated fromthe olive oil mill wastewater were resistant to the phenolic compounds whereas clinical strains weresensitive.

Abstract: Rendahnya kandungan N dalam tanah dapat ditangani dengan memanfaatkan mikroba tanah penambat N yang memiliki kemampuan menambat nitrogen di udara dan berguna sebagai penyedia unsur hara dalam tanah sehingga nantinya tersedia untuk tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil isolasi bakteri, karakteristik isolat bakteri, dan perbedaan keanekaragaman bakteri dari bintil akar aktif dan tidak aktif serta rhizosfer tanaman kacang panjang. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel bintil akar dan rhizosfer diambil di sawah Dusun Blawong II. Dan penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi FMIPA UNY. Karakterisasi fenotipik dilakukan dengan uji morfologi koloni, morfologi sel, dan uji fisiologis (biokimiawi). Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan dengan metode profile matching, untuk mengetahui indeks similaritasnya dengan genera bakteri acuan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh total 14 isolat murni yang memiliki karakteristik yang beragam. Dari hasil identifikasi terdapat 6 genera bakteri yang diperoleh yaitu genera Neisseria pada sampel bintil akar tidak aktif dan rhizosfer, Rhizobium pada sampel rhizosfer, Azomonas pada sampel bintil akar aktif dan rhizosfer, Mesorhizobium pada sampel bintil akar tidak aktif, Streptococcus pada sampel bintil akar tidak aktif dan rhizosfer, serta Staphylococcus pada sampel bintil akar aktif.

Abstract: Generally, there is no previous information about haematological parameters of parasitized fish maintained in fish farms in Al- Mashab area, Basrah, Iraq. In this study, the effects of parasitism by the copepod Ergasilus mosulensis. on haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBCS), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and leucocytes were analysed in infected Planiliza abu. The high level of parasitism found in infected fishes was responsible for alterations in blood picture Hb, HCT, RBCS, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and leucocytes (P > 0.05). This is the first report regarding hematology of cultivated freshwater fish which are infected with parasitic copepods in Basrah Province.

Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian mikoriza terhadap kualitas buah tanaman tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. var. Servo) pada beberapa konsentrasi salinitas. Lokasi penelitian bertempat di Green House Biologi, FMIPA, UNY pada bulan Desember 2020 – Mei 2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor yaitu mikoriza dan salinitas. Perlakuan mikoriza pada penelitian ini adalah tidak diberi mikoriza dan diberi mikoriza. Konsentrasi salinitas yang diberikan adalah 0 ppm, 550 ppm, 1100 ppm, dan 2750 ppm. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah tanaman tomat varietas Servo F1. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji Two-Way ANOVA (Univariate)dilanjutkan dengan uji DuncanMultiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mikoriza serta perlakuan salinitas tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter jumlah kuncup, jumlah buah, dan ketebalan daging buah, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap kemanisan buah. Perlakuan salinitas berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat buah dan diameter buah.Kata kunci: Cekaman salinitas, kualitas buah, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. var. Servo, mikoriza This research aims to observe the effect of giving mycorrhiza on the fruit quality of tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. var. Servo) at several salinity concentrations. The research location was held at Green House Biology, FMIPA, UNY in December 2020 – May 2021. This research was an experimental study using complete randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely mycorrhiza and salinity. Mycorrhizal treatment in this study were without mycorrhiza and with the addition of mycorrhiza. The salinity concentrations treatment were 0 ppm, 550 ppm, 1100 ppm, and 2750 ppm. The object of this research was Servo F1 tomato plant. Quantitative data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA (Univariate) test followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that mycorrhizal and salinity treatments had no significant effect on the parameters of buds number, fruitnumber, and thickness of fruit flesh, but had significant effect on fruit sweetness. Salinity treatment had significant effect on fruit weight and fruit diameter.Keywords: fruit quality, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. var. Servo, mycorrhizae, salinity stress

Abstract: Kemiskinan unsur hara N dalam tanah dapat diatasi dengan memanfaatkan kelompok mikroba tanah yang dapat berguna sebagai penyedia unsur hara pada tanah yang nantinya tersedia untuk tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil isolasi bakteri, karakteristik fenotipik bakteri, serta perbedaan keanekaragaman bakteri dari bintil akar aktif dan tidak aktif serta rhizosfer tanaman kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Penelitian ini di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi FMIPA UNY. Sampel bintil akar dan rhizosfer diambil di sawah, di Kabuaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Pengujian Karakteristik fenotipik meliputi karakterisasi morfologi koloni, morfologi sel, dan uji fisiologis (biokimia). Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan dengan metode profile matching, untuk mengetahui indeks similaritasnya dengan genera bakteri acuan. Diperoleh total 15 isolat yang merupakan bakteri gram positif dan negatif, berbetuk coccus maupun bacil, dengan konfigurasi round, margin smooth, elevasi raised, berwarna putih hingga putih kekuningan, dengan hasil uji fisiologis (biokimia) yang beragam. Setelah dilakukan proses identifikasi, diperoleh 2 genera bakteri yang ada pada bintil akar aktif yaitu Azomonas dan Staphylococcus, 3 genera bakteri yang ada pada bintil akar tidak aktif yaitu Mesorhizobium, Azomonas, dan Bacillus, serta 3 genera bakteri yang ada pada rhizosfer tanaman kacang tanah yaitu Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, dan Neisseria.

Abstract: Mental illnesses are common worldwide and have negative impact on many aspects of human life. Mental disorders are caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Recently it has been shown that the psychological problems, including mental disorders, are closely related to the pervasive use of information and communication technologies including artificial intelligence (AI) in modern society. Although the successful integration of AI into human life dramatically improved the quality of life, leading to decreased stress in some aspects of human life, there is great potential, numerous risks and challenges regarding AI application in human life. While revolution in AI generally increases productivity, it may diminish some of today's valuable employment opportunities, which in turn, may cause distress and psychological problems in the society. On the one hand, due to negative outcomes of AI integration into human life, AI has been reported to cause distress and mental disorders in many societies, on the other hand, increased rate of psychological problems including mental disorders forced health professionals to increase the use of AI in the mental health care to help psychologists and psychiatrists to control and treat mental disorders, making this paradoxical issue as a chicken-or-the egg issue. This mini-review aims to present the association of AI with mental disorders in the trend of human life.

Abstract: Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi kadar karbohidrat total pakan berbahan dasar ampas tahu (Glycine max), ampas kelapa (Cocos nucifera) dan bekatul (Oryza sativa) terhadap pertumbuhan cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus). Objek penelitian ini adalah cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) yang telah memiliki klitelium. Terdapat 4 perlakuan yaitu perlakuan kontrol dengan menggunakan ampas tahu dan kadar karbohidrat 76,32% serta perlakuan kombinasi ampas tahu, ampas kelapa, dan bekatul masing-masing dengan kadar karbohidrat 67,20%, 70,24%, dan 73,28%. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan 5 ulangan. Setiap bak perlakuan menggunakan 16 gram cacing. Data yang diamati adalah pertambahan biomassa dan pertambahan jumlah cacing. Penelitian dilakukan selama 2 bulan dengan 5 kali pengambilan data. Data dianalisis dengan One Way Anova apabila terdapat pengaruh maka diuji lanjut dengan DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh nyata dari variasi kadar karbohidrat pakan berbahan dasar ampas tahu (Glycine max), ampas kelapa (Cocos nucifera) dan bekatul (Oryza sativa) terhadap pertumbuhan cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus).Kata kunci: cacing tanah, karbohidrat, pertumbuhan, Lumbricus rubellus, ampas tahu

Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai dan status higiene sanitasi, keberadaan bakteri Bacillus cereus, dan pengaruh higiene sanitasi dan lama penyimpanan terhadap kualitas fisik, kimia dan mikrobiologi susu kedelai di dua Industri Rumah Tangga. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan membandingkan higiene sanitasi pada industri susu kedelai di Depok, Sleman dan Caturharjo, Sleman dengan mengisi lembar checklist higiene sanitasi dan dilakukan wawancara. Uji laboratorium dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas susu kedelai meliputi syarat fisik, kimia dan mikrobiologis. Uji fisik berupa pengujian organoleptik oleh panelis yang meliputi rasa, bau, warna, dan penampakan. Uji kimia dilakukan adalah uji pH dan sakarin. Uji mikrobiologis dilakukan uji identifikasi bakteri Bacillus cereus dan Angka Lempeng Total (ALT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan higiene sanitasi IRT A memenuhi standar syarat sedangkan IRT B tidak memenuhi syarat minimal higiene sanitasi. Nilai higiene sanitasi mempengaruhi Uji Lempeng Total. Sedangkan lama penyimpanan mempengaruhi kualitas organoleptik, Angka Lempeng total dan pH.Kata kunci : susu kedelai, higiene sanitasi, lama penyimpanan

Abstract: Abstrak. Porang merupakan sumber karbohidrat yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Untuk memenuhi permintaan porang sebagai produk diversifikasi pangan maupun produk ekspor, perlu dukungan ketersediaan benih dan budidaya yang memadai. Perbanyakan secara in vitro menjadi alternatif dalam pemenuhan bibit porang yaitu melalui metode kultur kalus dengan menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh BAP pada media MS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan BAP terhadap induksi kalus tanaman porang (Amorphophallus muelleri). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan beberapa konsentrasi BAP yang terdiri dari 6 level (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) mg/liter sebanyak 6 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji one way ANOVA dan uji lanjut menggunakan DMRT 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan BAP pada media MS berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan kalus kultur jaringan tanaman porang berdasarkan uji one way ANOVA. Konsentrasi 2 mg/L BAP merupakan konsentrasi yang paling cepat dalam menginduksi pertumbuhan kalus dengan rata-rata waktu pelengkungan kalus 1,450 mst dan rata-rata waktu munculnya kalus 2,633 mst.Kata Kunci: induksi kalus; BAP; Amorphophallus muelleri.

Abstract: Rats and mice are among the foremost of agricultural pests that are plentiful in farmlands. Snakes are one of the most specialized natural rat-controlling predatory species, also equally prevalent in farmlands. We studied the snake fauna of agroecosystem in south-eastern India by gathering concomitant data on snakes, during rodent surveys wherein rodents were the main target taxa. From a one year long day-and-night survey focusing on rodents, we obtained 151 sightings of snakes belonging to 22 species (four of which are venomous). A total of 66 sightings representing 14 species were obtained in diurnal surveys, and 21 sightings representing 7 species were obtained in night surveys. As much as 64 sightings representing 20 species were obtained by chance encounters in the study site, but outside of the designated rodent survey duration. An uncommon snake Sibynophis subpunctatus was recorded. The colubrid Ptyas mucosa was the commonest encountered species during the day while at night it was the viper Echis carinatus. Estimated species diversity in Shannon-Wiener index was H = 1.218.

Abstract: Konjac (Amorphophallus muelleri) is a plant that can be a source of carbohydrates and has high economic value. To accelerate the fulfillment of porang seeds in order to support maximum economic potential, it is necessary to develop alternative propagation techniques,which is in vitro culture. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding the glycine amino acid to MS medium on the growth of konjac callus and to determine the best concentration for callus growth in konjac plant tissue culture. This research was using frog bulb (bulbil) for the explant. In this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with glycine amino acid concentrations from 0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L, 4 mg/L, dan 5 mg/L with 3 replications. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with one way ANAVA and further test using DMRT 5%.The results showed that the addition of the glycine amino acid to MS medium affected the callus growth of konjac plant tissue culture based on the analysis of variance (ANAVA) test. The best concentration used based on the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5%, was 4 mg/L with the average callus appearance time of 3.06 wac and the average bending time of 2.1 wac.

Abstract: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengetahui struktur komunitas plankton pada musim penghujan di Embung Merdeka, (2) mengetahui pola sebaran plankton pada musim penghujan di Embung Merdeka, (3) mengetahui kondisi ekosistem perairan Embung Merdeka pada musim penghujan ditinjau dari struktur komunitas dan pola sebaran plankton. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode pengambilan sampel melalui metode purposive sampling. Kondisi fisika kimia perairan diukur dengan metode uji sesuai SNI dan APHA 2017. Sampel plankton dianalisis komposisi jenis, kepadatan plankton, indeks dominansi Simpson, indeks morisita, dan indeks keanekaragaman spesies dengan persamaan Shanon-Wiener. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) komposisi jenis plankton di Embung Merdeka meliputi 6 spesies zooplankton (4 kelas) dan 16 spesies fitoplankton (9 kelas) dengan komposisi jenis zooplankton dan fitoplankton tertinggi adalah kelas Crustaceae sebanyak 57% dan Chlorophyceae sebanyak 54%. Nilai indeks keanekargaman zooplankton dan fitoplankton berada pada kategori sedang, indeks keseragaman zooplankton dan fitoplankton kategori sedang dengan komunitas plankton yang cenderung stabil, indeks dominansi zooplankton dan fitoplankton menunjukkan bahwa perairan Embung Merdeka tidak terdapat dominansi jenis plankton. Sebaran zooplankton di Embung Merdeka menunjukkan pola penyebaran mengelompok dan sebaran fitoplankton menunjukkan pola sebaran yang seragam. Kondisi ekosistem Embung Merdeka cenderung kurang stabil dan tercemar akibat dari tekanan faktor nutrisi yaitu kadar fosfat dan nitrat yang tinggi pada perairan embung. Tingkat kesuburan perairan di Embung Merdeka termasuk dalam kategori mesotrofik hingga eutrofik. Kata kunci: Kesuburan perairan, pola sebaran, struktur komunitas planktonThe aims of this study were: (1) to determine the structure of the plankton community during the rainy season at Embung Merdeka, (2) to determine the distribution pattern of plankton during the rainy season at Embung Merdeka, (3) to determine the condition of the waters ecosystem of Embung Merdeka during the rainy season in terms of community structure and plankton distribution pattern. This research is a quantitative descriptive research with sampling method through purposive sampling method. The physical and chemical conditions of the waters were measured using a test method according to SNI (Indonesia National Standard) and APHA 2017. Plankton samples were analyzed species composition, plankton density, dominance index Simpson, morisita index, and species diversity index with the Shanon-Wiener equation. The results showed that: (1) the composition of plankton species in Embung Merdeka includes 6 species of zooplankton (4 classes) and 16 species of phytoplankton (9 classes) with the highest class was Crustaceae as much as 57% and Chlorophyceae as much as 54%. The value of the diversity index of zooplankton and phytoplankton is in the medium category, the index of uniformity of zooplankton and phytoplankton is in the medium category with plankton communities that tend to be stable, the dominance index of zooplankton and phytoplankton show that Embung Merdeka do not have dominance of plankton species. The distribution of zooplankton in Embung Merdeka shows a clustered distribution pattern and the distribution of phytoplankton shows the uniform distribution pattern. Ecosystem condition of Embung Merdeka not stable enough and polluted as a result of nutritional factor stress that is high levels of phosphate and nitrate in pond waters. The fertility level of the waters in Embung Merdeka is in the mesotrophic to eutrophic category.Keywords: Water fertility, distribution pattern, plankton community structure

Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses amoniasi dan fermentasi (amofer) terhadap kualitas organoleptik dan kualitas nutrien daun kelapa sawit sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor, yakni lama waktu pemeraman dan konsentrasi urea. Terdapat 2 taraf dosis urea yang digunakan yakni 4% dan 6% dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan urea pada pakan dan lama waktu yang digunakan masing-masing 3 minggu, 4 minggu, dan 5 minggu secara berurutan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kualitas organoleptik yaitu (tekstur, warna, aroma, dan keberadaan jamur) dan kualitas nutrien (protein kasar, serat kasar, lemak kasar, abu). Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dosis urea dan lama waktu fermentasi. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi amofer memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap perubahan fisik yaitu warna menjadi kecokelatan, aroma asam beraroma khas amonia, tekstur menjadi lebih lunak dan keberadaan jamur yang tidak terlalu banyak serta meningkatkan kualitas nutrien berupa kenaikan kandungan protein tercerna, lemak tercerna dan abu serta penurunan kadar serat kasar. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses amoniasi fermentasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas organoleptik dan kualitas nutrien daun kelapa sawit sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia. Kata kunci:Amoniasi, Fermentasi, EM-4, Urea, Elaeis guineensis

Abstract: Semut merupakan serangga yang keberadaannya tersebar luas di daratan di seluruh dunia. Semut Oecophylla smaragdina dikenal sebagai serangga yang memiliki perilaku sosial atau dikenal sebagai serangga eusosial (sosial sejati) yang hidup dengan cara berkoloni dan sangat tergantung pada keberadaan pohon (arboreal), Semut Oecophylla smaragdina memiliki daerah teritori yang terdiri dari beberapa pohon yang saling terhubung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku Semut Oecophylla smaragdina yang terlihat dengan metode Ad-libitum Sampling, mengetahui perilaku Semut Oecophylla smaragdina dan frekuensinya dengan metode Scan Sampling, dan mengetahui pola perilaku Semut rangrang (Oecophylla smaragdina) dengan metode Behavior Sampling. Pengamatan perilaku semut Oecophylla smaragdina dilakukan di Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dengan rentang waktu selama empat bulan antara bulan Februari - Juni 2022. Dari hasil pengamatan didapatkan hasil bahwa perilaku pada semut Oecophylla smaragdina yang teramati adalah Rest (Istirahat) 18%, Move (berpindah tempat) 29%, Groom self (grooming) 8%, Contact (interaksi menyentuh antena)19%, Eat (memakan) 0%, Fight (bertarung) 0%, Steal food (mencuri/membawa makanan) 1 %, Defense (mengangkat perut ke atas) 6%, dan Out of sight 19%, dan aktivitas yang paling banyak teramati yaitu Move (berpindah tempat) dengan persentase 29% hal ini diketahui bahwa perilaku berpindah tempat tersebut dikarenakan semut Oecophylla smaragdina yang sedang mencari makanan.

Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia, L.) terhadap kadar gula darah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus, Lam.). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen satu faktor dengan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Penelitian dilakukan selama tiga bulan yaitu pada Desember 2020 sampai Februari 2021 bertempat di Laboratorium Pengelolaan Hewan Kebun Biologi UNY. Penelitian terdiri dari 4 kelompok, dengan masing-masing terdiri dari 6 ulangan. Dosis ekstrak daun mengkudu yang digunakan adalah 0,6 mg/gramBB, 1,2 mg/gramBB, dan 1,8 mg/gramBB. Tikus putih merupakan tikus jantan galur wistar yang berusia 2 – 3 bulan dengan berat 200 – 300gram sebanyak 24 ekor. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun mengkudu berpengaruh secara nyata (p ≤ 0.01) menurunkan kadar gula darah tikus putih. Dosis yang paling optimal dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah tikus putih adalah dosis sebesar 1,8 mg/gramBB.Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus, ekstrak daun Morinda citrifolia, L., kadar glukosa darahThe research aimed to determine the effect of noni leaf extract (Morinda citrifolia, L.) on blood sugar levels of white rats (Rattus norvegicus, Lam.). The research was one factor experimental study with a completely randomized design. The research was conducted for three months, from December 2020 to February 2021 at the Animal Management Laboratory of the Biological Gardens of UNY. The research consisted of 4 groups, with each consisting of 6 replications. The doses of noni leaf extract used were 0.6 mg/gramBW, 1.2 mg/gramBW, and 1.8 mg/gramBW. White rats are male wistar rats aged 2-3 months with a weight of 200-300 grams as many as 24 tails. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that noni leaf extract had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.01) in reducing blood sugar levels in white rats. The most optimal dose in reducing blood sugar levels in white rats is a dose of 1.8 mg/gramBB. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Morinda citrifolia leaf extract, L., blood glucose levels

Abstract: The women and men are vulnerable to HPV infections as one of the diseases with the highest incidence of cancer in the world, it’s important to know the level of knowledge they have about HPV infection and vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge around the Human papillomavirus (HPV) and what can be caused by this, in a group of students which consist only in Albanian men its relationship with genital warts and different type of cancers and HPV vaccine. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 160 male students in the Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Albania. The questionnaire showed that only one third of the students had heard about HPV infection and 45.28% of them had heard about protective vaccination. Between the two groups divided into two age groups: 18-21 years and 22-25 years, significant differences were observed only in the knowledge scores (p = 0.00), while in the sensitivity scores (p = 0.753) and seriousness (p = 0.13) no differences were observed between the two groups. In conclusion, we must say that we need to increase the contribution in education for the recognition and treatment of the concept of HPV and related diseases in the university system, in order to prepare conscious generations for the great importance of HPV infection prevention and vaccination.

Abstract: Recently, there has been great concern about the levels of oral diseases associated with inappropriate and unsanitary oral care methods. In this line, the most serious is the water contamination with pathogenic microbes. Owing to the water microbial contamination of dental units, patients' oral health is threatened as a result of systemic disorders. Patients receiving treatment in dental unit waterlines were found to be affected by dangerous bacteria. Since both clients and dental staff are exposed to aerosols and water from dental equipment, the water should be of great quality. Due to the fact that dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) create a suitable environment for microbial development and the formation of biofilms, the water is often contaminated with a high density of several microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses), causing a health problem for dentists, patients and elderly patients, especially those with immunocompromised. This has fueled interest in presenting the current situation to shed light on (i) the microbial contamination of DUWLs and (ii) the connected infectious risks. It is essential that an elevated degree of mouth care be combined with adequate water quality and preventive dental units to maintain oral comfort, prevent deterioration, and promote public health. The growing population of individuals with compromised immune systems and the latest technological advancements concerning biofilms, water quality, etc. necessitate the implementation of improved management practices and the application of decontamination protocols for waterlines.

Abstract: A total of 83 specimens of Planiliza subviridis were collected from Khor Al-Zubair lagoon, northwest Arab Gulf, Iraq. These fishes were found infected with the copepod Ergasilus rostralis Ho, Javarajan & Radhakrishnan, 1992. Blood parameters: total leukocyte count (WBCs), total red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin content (Hb%) and haematocrit volume (PCV) were investigated for lightly (1-5 parasites/fish), mildly (6-10 parasites/fish) and heavily (> 10 parasites/fish) infected fish groups in comparison with uninfected fishes. Uninfected fishes had the highest values of all blood parameters, except WBCs. Hb%, PCV and RBCs significantly decreased in all infected groups when compared with the uninfected group. WBCs significantly increased in all infected fish groups in comparison with the uninfected fishes. WBCs insignificantly decreased in heavily infected group when compared with mildly infected fishes.

Abstract: In the field of the measurement of the psychological characteristics of students in Iran some questionnaires have been so far standardized; however, negative constructs such as depression and stress have been emphasized more by these student tools. Given the lack of tools related to the measurement of student wellbeing as well as the problems of current tools besides the lack of a proper study on this matter in Iran, this research was carried out aiming at investigating the psychometric properties of the College Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire (CSSWQ) in a sample of Iranian students. This is a correlational research with the statistical population including female and male students of Shahed and Shahid Beheshti Universities in Tehran (Iran) in 2020. In this study, the convenience sampling method was employed to obtain the sample and 138 students were ultimately considered as the sample size. This tool’s reliability was measured by the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and splitting methods and its validity was measured by convergent and divergent methods. For the subscales and the overall scale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were obtained above 0.70, and the correlation coefficients in the splitting method were obtained above 0.60. Moreover, the scores obtained from this tool exhibited a significant negative correlation with the scores of the negative constructs in the tools DASS, the PWI-A, and the PANAS and a significant positive correlation with their positive constructs. In the end, it was concluded that the CSSWQ has good reliability and validity in the statistical population in question.

Abstract: A study was conducted at Dhopakhali union under Kachua upazila of Bagerhat district in Khulna division from December 2021 to February 2022, with a view to know the current practices of integrated rice–shrimp–prawn–white fish in gher farming system. It was found from this study that 80% farmers acquired experience on gher farming system, and 20% farmers had taken training from GOs, NGOs and other organizations. Among these 80% farmers, 33% farmers acquired their experience by self–study, and the remaining 67% gained experience from friends and neighbors. The average land size in the study area was 0.90 acre or 0.39 ha. The information was collected from 15 farmers with questionnaire interviews, which include the physical condition of the ghers, pre–stocking management, stocking management, post–stocking management, integrated gher farming, social condition of gher farmers, production and cost–benefits. No standard stocking densities were followed by the respondents in the study area and as a result, stocking density was varied from farmer to farmer. During the survey, the average stocking densities of shrimp and prawn were found to be 31,191 PL/ha and 12,686 PL/ha, respectively. The average annual cost of production was 3,47,965.60 BDT/ha in the integrated paddy + shrimp + prawn + white fish + vegetable farming systems. The average annual income was obtained to be 6,60,043.55 BDT/ha from the paddy + shrimp + prawn + white fish + vegetable farming system with a net profit of 3,12,977.94 BDT/ha and the cost–benefit ratio was obtained to be 1.0:1.9. The average annual cost was calculated to be 2,65,436.96 BDT/ha from the only integrated shrimp + prawn + white fish + vegetable without paddy in the gher management systems with an average annual income of 5,29,805.77 BDT/ha. Net profit was estimated to be 2,64,368.81 BDT/ha and the cost–benefit ratio was obtained to be 1.0:2.0 from the only shrimp + prawn + white fish + vegetable without paddy in the integrated gher farming systems. The yield of paddy per year was reported to be 8,034 kg/ha. In the study area, it was found that fish farmers did not have enough credit facilities and sufficient scientific knowledge on the integrated gher farming system. Therefore, they need appropriate training on aquaculture management as well as adequate funding opportunities to improve the gher farming system in a significant manner in commensurate with the national demands.