Abstract: Flow is an optimal psychological state that has been described at length by Csikszentmihalyi (1990, 1993) as a state in which people become totally immersed in an activity and enjoy it intensely. According to Csikszentmihalyi, such a peak experience can emerge in any situation in which there is an activity to do. Researchers have indeed found evidence for flow during the execution of a large number of different activities including sports, work, and playing music. However, state of flow during language learning activities has hardly been studied. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between task-induced state of flow during vocabulary acquisition activities and the achievement in terms of short-term and long-term vocabulary acquisition. Sixty five learners at an English Language Institution took part in vocabulary acquisition tasks aimed at engaging learners cognitively and affectively in the state of flow. To measure flow state the “Flow Perceptions Questionnaire” in the Likert format (Egbert, 2003) was used. It was an instrument for gathering the data concerning students’ affective responses during task engagement. The researcher-made retention measurement was used to determine vocabulary learning efficiency. The result indicated that flow existed in the vocabulary learning classroom and that there was a significant relationship between the level of flow state and vocabulary retention both in immediate and delayed measurements. Also male and female learners of EFL were different in terms of vocabulary retention resulting from flow state.

Abstract: To improve students’ conceptual understanding depends on the question types asked by the teachers. This paper investigates to examine form four students’ cognitive levels in Newton’s Law based on Bloom’s Taxonomy. The study sample consisted of 189 science stream students from three secondary schools in Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Researcher implemented Newton’s Law questions as instrument to determine the three cognitive levels of the respondent which namely Knowledge, Comprehension and Application. The paper-pencil test was developed and administered on the subject. The data were collected and analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Science for Windows release 21 (SPSS Software). The findings show that the mean of the Knowledge, Comprehension and Application level is moderate.

Abstract: Increasing student diversity in K-12 schools has gained attention in Japan and the US. In the US, racial diversity has historically shaped inequity in educational access and teacher quality. In Japan, regardless of its reputation for cultural homogeneity among its residents, issues surrounding student diversity have gained attention because of the increasing number of returnees—Japanese students raised overseas because of their parents’ expatriation. This paper compares and contrasts the diversity issues in K-12 school settings in both countries, and explores potential approaches to improve the accommodation of diversity in K-12 schools.

Abstract: This quasi-experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of corrective feedback on SLA/EFL to determine the potential benefits of two different corrective feedback techniques, namely recasts and elicitation. The research hypotheses were: 1) Learners who are exposed to interactive focused task that requires CR will benefit more than those who are exposed to communicative activities only; 2) Elicitation will be more effective than recasts in leading to L2 development; Three intensive EFL classes in a language center in Songkhla province, Thailand were selected to participate in the study. Based on the study design, two class were assigned to the treatment conditions elicitation group and recasts group and the third was used as a control group. The treatment took place over a period of 9 meetings focusing on teaching third person singular –s morpheme and the provision of CF where it was necessary . The participants' knowledge of the intended syntantic point was tested before treatment and post tested after receiving the treatment. A multiple choice and focused-cloze reading grammar test was used in the pre-test and the post-test to evaluate the effects of the treatments on the learners' acquisition of third person singular morpheme. This classroom-based study showed that the two treatment groups benefited from CF strategies, but according to the study, elicitation group outperformed the recast one.

Abstract: The research analyzed the efforts conducted in the domain of historical learning in a university, especially related to how the past memory influences the recent multicultural discourses. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis with case study approach. The research was divided into three parts: (1) collecting data, (2) analyzing data, and (3) reporting the results of the research. Subjects of the research were selected by using purposive sampling technique; they were the 4 th semester students up to the 6 th semester students of the History Education Department in Samudra University Langsa Aceh. The research resulted findings that conceptually the students had understood about the concept of multicultural. Nevertheless, multicultural discourse had not touched the context of locality. Historical learning was designed to develop and expand the students’ multicultural discourse. The design of historical learning contains the learning strategy of ENACT, consisting of six stages: apperception , exploration , narrowing , analyzing , creating and teaching . Historical learning forms the students’ multiculturalism discourse, built from a historical understanding and the dynamics of Acehnese society. The students viewed that multicultural is a social condition, formed from historical process. Conflict understood by students as the dynamics which is inseparable from a multicultural society. However, the students considered that conflict caused many endless problems, therefore, the students’ multicultural discourse tended to lead to peace condition. Key w ords : Historical Learning, ENACT, Multicultural.

Abstract: Within the eighteenth century a college known as "The Unity System of {Lovers} Nationality" mentioned the theory that women should find the nationality with their husbands after marriage. Additionally, the nationality of men should be enforced on women. However, in the 20th century, a movement identified as feminism surfaced which resulted in the forming of a school called known as "System of Nationality Independence". This college advocated the parting of marriage and nationality and assumed that women's nationality should not change following marriage. These legal schools experienced different manifestations in the positive laws and regulations of different countries and it is sometimes hard to classify them into an individual legal college. The legal systems of countries can be categorized into two communities: legal systems advocating the imposition of husbands' nationality on wives; legal systems opposing the imposition of husbands' nationality on wives. This paper tries to comprise different systems of relationship between marriage and nationality.

Abstract: The paper aims to see so far the policies have been recommended and implemented which is interrelated with the lives and livelihoods of the vulnerable communities and, as a result, the well-being and safety of persons, communities and countries as a whole have been affected being persons with disabilities so far both by the non-government organizations and what could be done by the government policy makers. Ten percent of the total population of Bangladesh is known as differently able, often called Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) or disabled people according to the survey of Bangladesh Protibandhi Kallayan Somity (BPKS, 2014). It is worth saying that they are often treated with disregard, and so far they are the vulnerable of the society. Yet their role in homes, places of work and communities is often underplayed. So the paper prepares the studies of policies in terms of how we can integrate and mainstream the excluded differently abled /disabled/PWDs through accessibility in people with disabilities friendly policy making. Disasters, many of which are exacerbated by climate change and are increasing in frequency and intensity, significantly impede progress towards sustainable development. Till now we have achieved both the Hyogo and Sendai Framework based on disaster management do have impressions having the framework to be vocal and to ensure the access of the persons with disabilities in terms disasters, many of which are related with the climate change and adaptation. The paper recommends that the “Children with Disabilities” must be included in a separate policy based framework and the two most important terms based on vulnerabilities and hazards should be more inclusive towards the specialization of the accessibility of the persons with disabilities where both the non-government organizations and government can work together.

Abstract: Self-efficacy is one ability to achieve success, and individuals engaging in competitive sports, including athletes and coaches, often have identified it as a most important mental skill for a success in sport. This research study aims to assess the self-efficacy sources and its relation to Master Athlete’s achievement in Kobudo Martial Arts Sport. A multidimensional research model has been proposed based on the self-efficacy theory. Total of 233 respondents of the questionnaire were collected from players who participated in the competition. The results showed that the research model could significantly predict master players achievement in Martial Arts (MA). The findings would be valuable for academicians and Martial Arts master players and coaches.

Abstract: The process of institutional centralization launched by Mr. Putin in a Federation currently counting 85 entities (including the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol’) is likely to collide with the self-government aspirations, particularly by the 22 republics, because of a documented extensive presence of ethnic minority groups living in their territories. Each of them has its own constitution and legislation. But, according to the Russian Federal Law, all regional heads are to be nominated by Russian President. On the other hand, the Tatar Constitution, aimed to guarantee minority ethnic, religious, or linguistic rights, maintains President of the Republic has to be popularly elected. This situation is creating a framework, if not of legal uncertainty, at least of institutional tensions threatening to escalate unless it would be properly addressed, also due to the specific ethno-religious features of Republics, particularly Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. Both republics are regarded as a model of winning multiethnic states, mainly for the ability to bring together Christians and Muslims to live peacefully. Moscow concerns give substance to the ghost of never vanished pan-Turkism, since Tatarstan still has relevant independence movements, with a mix of nationalist ideals and religious revival, but all of them with features of peaceful struggle and never extremist. The traditional theological school of law among Muslims of the region is the Ḥanafī one, and the gradual presence of Salafis in the Ural region is regarded by many (though disputed by others) as a source of rampant extremism. TheRussian Federationshould undertake to recognize and to spread among Tatarstan and Bashkortostan population the value of ethnic and religious coexistence underpinning theRussian Federationconcept in the post-Communist era.

Abstract: Given the special political, cultural, historical, and religious conditions in the Middle East, the conservative elites in these regions have enhanced their commitment to their traditions and have opposed any changes in their societies. The most important feature of this conservative traditionalism is that it does not tolerate uneven economic development. However, this feature is inapplicable to political and social development.

Abstract: Both Palestinian patriotism and Zionism, as ideas, epitomize the same standard; to be specific both are patriot developments taking into account the prerequisite of a country for their own particular individuals. The basic issue, nonetheless, is by all accounts that both have been guaranteeing the same real estate parcel for their countries, and consequently the wellspring of inconvenience is more down to earth than ideological. As opposed to the suspicion covered up in this current article's given title, political belief systems don't perceive nor accommodate with each other, nor do they figure out who perceives whom and who accommodate with whom. It is just people, and once in a while likewise assemblages, who—figuratively—start or experience such adjustments of relationship.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational agility stimuli and organizational agility capabilities in Iran's mining industry. Therefore, to identify the dimensions and features of organizational agility stimuli and organizational agility capabilities in the mining industry, these dimensions were determined. This survey is a descriptive study and content analysis (review of existing status) that was conducted using an organizational survey of library or documentary studies and analysis of initial data. We used the viewpoints of 10 expert professors, prominent experts in agility and industry and mining experts (senior and middle managers) by Delphi method, in order to determine the components of agility (stimuli and capabilities). The statistical population of this study was all the staff of Iron Ore Sangan and Chadermolou centers that are active in the Iran's mining industry.The result of the research shows a significant relationship between the dimensions of organizational agility stimuli (need for agility, strategic design and agility strategy) and organizational agility capabilities. The results of the research based on the provided agility model indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between organizational agility stimuli and organizational agility capabilities.

Abstract: This research examines and proves this effectiveness connected with artificial neural networks (ANNs) as an alternative approach to the use of Support Vector Machine (SVR) in the tourism research. This method can be used for the tourism industry to define the turism’s demands in Iran. The outcome reveals the use of ANNs in tourism research might result in better quotations when it comes to prediction bias and accuracy. Even more applications of ANNs in the context of tourism demand evaluation is needed to establish and validate the effects.

Abstract: As part of an unpublished doctoral thesis on “Conference Interpreting in Malaysia”, this paper reports clients’ expectations and highlights the necessity of taking what they anticipate as ideal into consideration. The study tailored on-site and off-site questionnaire-based survey study in Malaysian conference interpreting setting. The relative importance of various quality criteria attached by 42 clients as well as their responses to open-ended questions, adopted from the established questionnaires, revealed the interpreting clients’ perspectives and expectations from interpreting quality. The analysis of data by scale analysis and codification of the open-ended responses into matrices showed that different clients might have different expectations. Clients rated terminology as the most important quality criterion and native accent as the least important. The most interesting aspect of interpreting profession was international contacts, while they rated speed and time constraints as the most difficult aspect of conference interpreting. Interpreters’ lack of faithfulness to the original was indicated as the principal shortcoming, whereas incorrect terminology and unfinished sentences were the most irritating aspects of conference interpreting in clients’ point of view.Their suggestions to improve quality were mostly interpreter-related such as training interpreters and updating their knowledge, as well as organisationalrelated aspects like cooperation of the clients, interpreters, conference organisers, and users.

Abstract: This kind of study is not the first attempt to look at conflict management procedures through a regime paradigm; that has already recently been attempted by proponents of the problem-structural mode of analysis. About the conflictual nature of issues, and of how routines are internally related to issue-areas problem structuralists have conceptualized international routines as a particular function of conflict.

Abstract: A large number of caravanserais were built during the Safavid era in Iran. However, due to the natural effects and human neglecting actions they are going to be ruined. Adaptive reuse of Safavid Caravanserais can be considered as one of the possibilities to preserve them from being demolished. The present study intends to categorize caravanserais based on the diversity of Iranian geographical and climatic zones as well as their distances from urban centers to determine their potential for adapting reuses. Since several of caravanserais still possess a characteristic building plan to accommodate travelers and are capable of retaining their functional elements, adaptive reuse can be applied. Therefore, the decision to reuse some of the buildings as hotels or restaurants seems rational.