TL;DR: In this article, the S. Sternberg memory scan task, a visual scan task which is perfectly analogous to the memory scan, except that the target digit is presented first and the subject must then scan a set of digits and indicate the presence or absence of the target digits in the set, and the Hick paradigm, which involves responding to a visual stimulus (a light going on) when the stimulus is one among sets of either 1, 2, 4, or 8 equally probable alternatives.

TL;DR: In this article, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revise (WISC-R) are compared with respect to the magnitudes of the average white-black differences in standardized scaled scores and in raw scores.

TL;DR: The authors found that there are about as many different conceptions of intelligence as the number of experts, and that there is scarcely more consensus among the experts today than in 1921, when the same question was asked of an earlier group of experts.

TL;DR: The authors developed a brief battery of tests of specific cognitive abilities that can be administered via telephone to adolescents and assessed the psychometric properties of the battery, with three tests intended to mark each factor.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relation between the two faces of verbal ability (comprehension and fluency) and explore some alternative approaches to the study of verbal comprehension, summarizing what they have learned from these approaches.

TL;DR: In a follow-up investigation at age 9, the cognitive and social characteristics of 35 pairs of twins, studied previously at age 2, were compared with those of matched singletons at school as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a group of 56 children were asked to press a key when a moving target is coincident with a stationary line, and the mean absolute error across three conditions (CTE) correlated -.294 with SPM scores but was sex biased, with girls being less accurate than boys.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the possibility that adult age differences on block design tasks originate at least in part because of a reduced efficiency with increased age in the cognitive processes associated with block manipulation.

TL;DR: This article analyzed IQ scores from five kinship categories of 7-12-year-old children into genetic and environmental components and found that the common environmental effects were larger for older children than younger children.

TL;DR: The concept of a timesharing ability has been the subject of considerable interest in recent times as mentioned in this paper, and evidence for the existence of such a factor would form an important addition to our knowledge of humann cognitive functioning.

TL;DR: In this paper, the presuppositions of the question "Why are the mentally retarded strategically deficient?" were examined with a focus on definitions of the term "strategy" and "strategies deficiency", where strategies are seen as attempts to solve the "problem of remembering" as understood by the person.

TL;DR: In this article, confirmatory factor analyses of the 15 cognitive abilities tests from the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition were conducted on between-family (BF) means and within-family differences for 370 AEA (Americans of European ancestry) and 116 AJA(Americans of Japanese ancestry) sibling pairs for the estimated loadings on four specific cognitive abilities factors and on second-order general intelligence factor.

TL;DR: In this paper, genetic and environmental correlations among 11 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) subtests were estimated from a sample of 143 twin pairs using the methodology of multivariate behavioral genetics.

TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that if a response time measure correlates with psychometric test (PT) scores because it shares variance in common with general intelligence, g, then the profile of g loadings for a set of PTs would be predictable from the profiles of correlations between the RT measure and the PT scores.

TL;DR: In this paper, a synthesis of prominent usages of the "strategic processing" construct derived from the social basis of communication theory is advanced. But the theoretical status and applied utility of the strategy concept has been subjected to increasing criticism, particularly regarding the lack of definition and specificity in its use, when it is involved in instructional procedures applied to typical learning and information processing tasks.

TL;DR: The authors studied the ability of adolescents and adults to use a lexical decomposition strategy to define prefixed words and pseudowords and found that adults performed better than adolescents on the vocabulary test, even though there were small effects of two performance factors predicted to affect the use of the strategy.

TL;DR: In this article, four experiments examined the extent to which the componential method of analogical reasoning, developed by R.J. Sternberg (1977a), could be used to investigate the cognitive processes of subjects with both above- and below-average intelligence.

TL;DR: The authors used a modified Posner "encoding function" methodology to assess group differences in semantic encoding speed under conditions in which subjects encoded pictures of common objects to determine physical identity matches, name identity (NI) matches, and superordinate identity (SI) matches.

TL;DR: Borkowski, Carr, and Pressley as mentioned in this paper developed a case for deficiencies in metacognitive and motivational components as the reason for strategy deficiencies in mental retardation and developmental disabilities.

TL;DR: In this paper, two culture-specific intelligence tests were compared in an ecologically diverse society (the Philippines), and the results showed that the tests (one for preschoolers, one for adults) were measuring the same ability dimensions equally reliably within each setting.

TL;DR: The claim (Jensen, 1975) that blacks are slower than whites in choice (but not simple) reaction time is examined. It is false as mentioned in this paper, and the claim (Vernon & Jensen, 1984) that an unpublished technical report showed blacks to be inferior to whites on a relatively content-free mental processing task was examined.

TL;DR: The performance of the delayed and normal children was very good and quite similar in the basic memory task, which simply involved remembering the location of a toy hidden in a distinctive, natural location in a room as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported an experiment that tested some of these theories, using a release from proactive interference (PI) procedure in conjunction with a running memory task, to track down age-related improvements in the processing of various kinds of information.

TL;DR: In this paper, the method of parabolic blending for the curve and swface inrerpolation originally conceived by A. W. Overhauser [I] is applied as well as two procedures employing three points and one vector.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on three studies of the dynamic testing of spatial ability in which training on the physical analogue of the mental folding task intervenes between a pretest and a posttest.