İmgelem 

Abstract: 2019 senesinin Aralık ayı içinde Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ilk kez görünen Covid-19 pandemisi bütün dünyayı sağlık ve ekonomik anlamda olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Covid-19 pandemisiyle birçok sektör zararı uğramış veya kapanma noktasına gelmiştir. Pandemiden dolayı evlerine kapanmak zorunda kalan insanların satın alma faaliyetlerinin de değiştiği gözlenmiştir. İnsanların bu dönemde satın alma eylemlerini e-ticaret üzerinden yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Bu durum e-ticaret hacminin genel anlamda artmasına neden olmuştur. Kısıtlamalardan dolayı evlerinden çıkamayan ya da salgının etkisinden çekinen bireylerin e-ticarete yönelmesi firmaları harekete geçirmiştir. Birçok firmanın bu dönemde internet üzerinden ürün satışlarına başladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Satın alma faaliyetlerinin daha çok e-ticarete kayması, bireylerin günlük yaşam pratiklerinin de değişimine neden olmuştur. Covid-19 pandemisi birçok sektörde olumsuz etki yaratırken, e-ticaret hızının artmasına neden olmuştur. Dünya’da gelişen e-ticaret sistemi, pandeminin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte hacmini daha artırmaya başlamış, dünya genelinde etkin bir hale gelmiştir. Sokağa çıkma kısıtlamaları ve tüketicilerin koronavirüsten çekinmelerinden dolayı fiziksel olarak alışveriş yapmaya istekli olmamışlardır. Bireyler daha çok yüz yüze iletişimin olmadığı, fiziksel temasın yaşanmadığı, kalabalık ortama girmeden hatta sokağa çıkmadan internet üzerinden alışverişi daha fazla tercih etmiştir. Bireylerin tüketim pratiklerinde yaşanan bu değişim, sosyal alandaki değişimi de beraberinde getirmiştir. İnsanlar artık birbiriyle temas kurmadan, fiziksel bir ortama bağlı kalmadan, dünyanın her yerinden aynı ürüne ulaşabilme imkânına sahip olmuştur. E-ticaret üzerinde sektörel karşılaştırma yapıldığında, pandemi öncesinde daha çok moda ve güzellik ürünlerinin hobi ürünlerinin, seyahat, konaklama, tatil acentelerinin daha fazla tercih edildiği görülürken; pandemi sonrasında ise bu sektörlerde değişimler yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Pandemi sonrasında e-ticaret üzerinde daha çok sağlık ürünlerinin, ev eşyalarının, bebek ürünlerinin ve gıda ürünlerinin yoğun bir şekilde tercih edildiği gözlenmiştir. Bu sonuç bireylerin tüketim ihtiyacının değiştiğini göstermektedir.

Abstract: The global experiences of Covid-19 (such as staying at home, physical distance and social isolation practices, moving work and education to home, unemployment, income losses, digitalization) gave birth to the idea of a "new normal" and to projections predicting that it would fundamentally affect the future of family structure along with other areas of life. Critically examining the literature in terms of the effects of Covid-19 specifically on the family and the projections related to it, this paper argues that a new discourse centered on Covid-19 has been produced, which presents it as a 'turning point' as if it had revolutionary effects in human history. Based on the aim of making a critical evaluation of this discourse, firstly, some basic features of future projections were determined. Secondly, the risk/uncertainty/fear environment emphasized by the discourse in question is discussed within the framework of the relevant literature. Third, projections for the future of family life are examined and discussed within the framework of three main themes. This paper shows that, contrary to the emerging new discourse, family transformations and discussions related to Covis-19 were already happening in many societies long before Covid-19. Therefore, it is concluded that the new discourse uses Covid-19 as a scapegoat for the problems of the reconstructed order of global capitalism, which deepens inequalities and ignores disaster preparedness.

Abstract: "Relations between the United States and Europe have evolved over centuries, encompassing political, economic, security, and socio-cultural dimensions within their multi-layered processes. The historical dimension of these relations, which began with the discovery of the American continent by Europeans and the establishment of colonies by the British, French, and Dutch in North America, gained significance after the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783, when Europeans lost their influence in North America and the United States was founded. This process is commonly referred to as Europe-US relations or "Transatlantic Relations" (Transatlantic relations). This comprehensive set of relations has endured to the present, involving both bilateral relations between the US and European allies and the relations among international and supranational organizations established by these allies. Throughout history, these transatlantic relations can be divided into distinct periods such as the balance of power era in 19th-century Europe, World War I (1914-1918), the Interwar Period (1919-1939), World War II (1939-1945), the Cold War era (1945-1991), and the post-Cold War era. These historical periods have witnessed periods of conflict as well as cooperation among transatlantic partners, and have persisted to the present day. This study suggests that the transatlantic relations of the US encompass a historical process and that, after World War II, they have been shaped by US interests. However, these relations have also been influenced by the personal attitudes and doctrines of US presidents, as well as political, economic, and socio-cultural developments. Nonetheless, the current state of transatlantic relations reflects mutual interdependence, solidarity, alliance, and cooperation, with the overcoming of challenges. This study examines the historical process, events, and developments, and analyzes bilateral relations in their historical, political, economic, and socio-cultural dimensions."

Abstract: Greek education system’s development moved around the conflict between the use of a purist and a colloquial Greek. Specifically, Greece's approach differed from that pursued by other European countries, which followed a shift towards the spoken language, by fulfilling the demand for an education for all based on the national language. Such a scenario, however, has de facto been immobilizing the Greek educational policy, by making it less competitive and appealing internationally. This study tries to capture classical education teachers' view on ancient Greek as a subject in secondary education and its consequences for the country's educational system via a survey, completed by 424 teachers, conducted in 2020.