TL;DR: The early classical endocrinological experiments that elucidated the hormones and glands responsible for molting and the more recent experiments that have provided information on the cellular and molecular aspects of molting are described.

TL;DR: There is emerging information on fish in the wild that indicates substantial differences in smolting, and such differences may arise from differences in environmental stimuli in artificial rearing environments, and may be critical to ocean survival and population sustainability.

TL;DR: By discriminating between fish of differing physiological status and discerning and categorizing differences among environments one may effectively use IGF1 as a growth index for fishes.

TL;DR: It is suggested that structurally related families of invertebrate peptides including corazonin and adipokinetic hormone form a superfamily of neuropeptides with the GnRH family, and a functioning pituitary was the result of genomic duplications in early vertebrates.

TL;DR: There is no evidence to clearly link contaminant-induced HPT alterations to impairments in teleost or amphibian population health in the field, and future field studies should focus on establishing temporal associations between the presence of HPT-disrupting chemicals, the occurrence ofHPT alterations, and adverse effects on development and reproduction in natural populations.

TL;DR: The magnitude of stress response in fish has been shown to be modified by the changes in the status of THs, pointing to its functional relationship with endocrine stress axes particularly with the interrenal axis.

TL;DR: Assessment of concentrations of GC metabolites in feces and cortisol in hair of Alaskan caribou and reindeer following ACTH treatment predicted that ACTH challenge would increase concentrations of fecal GCs, but not hair cortisol because steroid deposited into the hair shaft occurs over an extended period of time (months) and is likely insensitive to acute adrenal stimulation.

TL;DR: The diverse actions of INS in fish as well as the diverse nature of the neural, hormonal, and environmental factors known to affect the INS signaling system reflects the various life history patterns that have evolved to enable fish to occupy a wide range of aquatic habitats.

TL;DR: Genes encoding neurohormones and neuropeptide precursors were identified in the genomes of two annelids, the leech Helobdella robusta and the polychaete worm Capitella teleta.

TL;DR: The story of the AG and AG-specific insulin-like factors (IAGs) from a historical perspective is unfolded, highlighting the main achievements in the field and giving a glimpse of future challenges to be addressed.

TL;DR: The overarching theme is the anatomical organization of an inhibitory neuropeptide colocalized with a inhibitory neurotransmitter in integrative territories of the central nervous system, such as the IHy and LHA.

TL;DR: The role of the pancreatic islet in glucoregulation in early zebrafish and mouse embryos has been investigated in this article, showing that the primary islet is functional and provides glucose locally to rapidly developing tissues.

TL;DR: Eyestalk ablation confirmed the presence of a possible endocrine axis between the eyestalk ganglia and the AG, implying that Cas-IAG expression is negatively regulated by (a) substance(s) present in the eyeroll ganglia.

TL;DR: The present review discusses the evolutionary mechanism of vertebrate GnRHs and GnRHRs based on extensive genome comparison, focusing only on vertebrate genomes because of the difficulty in comparing invertebrate and vertebrates genomes due to their marked divergence.

TL;DR: The complexity of the anatomical distribution and functions of adipose tissue (AT) has been rarely analyzed in an evolutionary perspective, and the role of different AT subtypes in normal/physiological conditions or in metabolic pathologies of humans still await a systematic investigation.

TL;DR: Physiological mechanisms of homing migration in Pacific salmon are clarified, evolutional aspects of four Pacific salmon, sexual differences in homing profiles, and the possibility of dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) as natal stream odors for salmon are discussed.

TL;DR: The minimal effect of feeding and digestion on pyy expression in the brain indicates that PYY plays a minor role in the central control of short-term food intake in Atlantic salmon.

TL;DR: Moderate temperatures (12-15°C for) for at least 3 months were required to proceed with first maturation in juvenile pikeperch, as revealed by histological as well as endocrine parameters.

TL;DR: Establishing an integrated model that incorporates all paralogous systems for both the stress and reproductive system remains to be achieved.

TL;DR: Results suggest that hair may be an ideal hormone bearing substrate for research focused on the examination of population endocrine profiles, cross-sectional studies of endocrine function and taxon variation in hormone levels, as well as stable behavioral trends.

TL;DR: Effect of FSH on ovarian anti-apoptotic and growth factor genes suggest roles for FSH in cell survival, growth and differentiation in teleosts and significant increases in steroid production and transcripts for specific steroidogenesis-related proteins are evident.

TL;DR: It is clear that roads affect nestlings; how or if these effects influence adult survival or reproduction remains to be elucidated.

TL;DR: It is made evident that fish exhibit tr subtype-specific transcript abundance changes to altered thyroid status, and new evidence is provided for similar patterns of dio2 and dio3 mRNA regulation in the brain.

TL;DR: A conservative role for cortisol is suggested in the endocrine regulation of paracellular permeability across the goldfish gill that may relate to stenohalinity.

TL;DR: FCM and FAM in squirrels fed conifer seed significantly increased from 0 to 94 h after their diets were changed, demonstrating that change in dietary fiber consumption or even slight differences in diet can strongly influence FHM.

TL;DR: The results strongly suggest that T10 is inducing a higher endogenous FSH level which increases the E2 circulating level during vitellogenesis, which is more similar to the profile observed in other naturally maturing fish.

TL;DR: The identification of isoforms of corazonin, EH, ILP, proctolin, RPCH/AKH, sulfakinin and TRP are the first for D. pulex, while the prediction of ATR from this species is the first from any crustacean.

TL;DR: The chromosomal organization of the three GnRH loci is very well conserved among gnathostome species and indicates that GnRH1, GnRH2 and GnRH3 genes represent three paralogous genes that resulted from the two rounds of tetraploidization that took place early in vertebrate evolution.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided for the existence, in the European eel, of a kisspeptin system, which may play a direct inhibitory role on pituitary LHβ expression, and the full-length coding sequence of a Kissr receptor was cloned in the eel.