TL;DR: These guidelines differ from those published in 1997 in several ways: the screening interval for double contrast barium enema has been shortened to 5 years, and colonoscopy is the preferred test for the diagnostic investigation of patients with findings on screening and for screening patients with a family history of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.

TL;DR: Hepatocyte apoptosis is significantly increased in patients with NASH and correlates with disease severity, suggesting that antiapoptotic therapy may be useful in this syndrome.

TL;DR: A proinflammatory cytokine genetic profile increases the risk of noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma but not other upper gastrointestinal cancers, possibly by inducing a hypochlorhydric and atrophic response to gastric H. pylori infection.

TL;DR: Based on a prospective randomized trial, CE permits more accurate diagnosis of the extent and severity of the inflammatory activity in UC compared with conventional colonoscopy, and CE with methylene blue is a novel tool for the early detection of IN and CRC in patients with UC.

TL;DR: GPC3 is specifically overexpressed in most HCCs and is elevated in the serum of a large proportion of patients with HCC, suggesting that the simultaneous determination of GPC3 and AFP may significantly increase the sensitivity for diagnosis of HCC.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that lamivudine treatment for up to 6 years has an excellent safety profile in patients with HBeAg-positive compensated liver disease, but patients with long-standing lamivUDine-resistant mutations may experience worsening liver disease.

TL;DR: Only infliximab was able to bind to PBL and lamina propria T cells and subsequently to induce apoptosis of activated lymphocytes, which may provide a biological basis for the difference in efficacy of the 2 TNF-alpha-neutralizing drugs.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that insulin resistance may contribute to fibrotic progression in chronic hepatitis C virus infection is supported, and the effect seems to be genotype specific.

TL;DR: CARD15/NOD2 is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells and may serve as a key component of innate mucosal responses to luminal bacteria as an antibacterial factor, which may contribute to the development of Crohn's disease.

TL;DR: In this large, national, population-based study, central adiposity, hyperleptinemia, and hyperinsulinemia were the major determinants of the association of overweight with elevated serum ALT activity.

TL;DR: The genotype 2a subgenomic replicon was established in Huh7 cells and replicated efficiently with or without G418 selection in a transient replication assay, providing a powerful new tool for researching HCV.

TL;DR: In this article, the clinical efficacy and safety of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) against education (EDU) and desipramine (DES) against placebo (PLA) in female patients with moderate to severe functional bowel disorders (irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, painful constipation, and unspecified FBD).

TL;DR: Oncotic necrosis and apoptosis can share features and mechanisms, which sometimes makes discrimination between the 2 forms of cell death difficult, however, elucidation of critical cell death pathways under clinically relevant conditions will show potentially important therapeutic intervention strategies in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

TL;DR: In advanced cirrhosis, long-term nutritional supplementation with oral BCAA is useful to prevent progressive hepatic failure and to improve surrogate markers and perceived health status.

TL;DR: The role of key loci or genes in IBD pathophysiology are discussed and the importance of genetic variability and its interactions with the immune system, gut microbiota, and environmental factors in determining pathogenesis is highlighted.

TL;DR: The photodynamic therapy (PDT) had a promising effect on nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma (NCC) in patients with NCC as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: High-frequency/low-energy gastric electrical stimulation significantly decreased vomiting frequency and gastrointestinal symptoms and improved quality of life in patients with severe gastroparesis.

TL;DR: Pooled results support a protective association between aspirin and NSAIDs and esophageal cancer (of both histological types) and provide evidence for a dose effect and support evaluating these agents in clinical trials of high-risk patients.

TL;DR: Strategies to protect the liver from injuries caused by ischemia and reperfusion and gene therapy to enhance the survival and viability of the liver in various surgical procedures including liver transplantation are summarized.

TL;DR: The results strongly suggest that alcohol may modulate both apoptotic and fat synthetic gene expression through homocysteine-induced ER stress in chronic alcoholic mouse liver and that correction of hyperhomocysteinemia by betaine or other approaches may be useful to prevent alcoholic liver disease.

TL;DR: The magnitude of the risk for gastric cancer associated with cagA seropositivity and any sources of heterogeneity between studies were estimated to be around 2.28- and 2.87-fold, respectively.

TL;DR: The N OD2 gene product is most abundant in Paneth cells in the terminal ileum, which could therefore play a critical and hitherto unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of NOD2-associated CD.

TL;DR: The general concepts of oxidative stress and how it relates to current hypotheses in alcohol-induced liver injury are discussed, as well as several key questions that remain to be addressed.

TL;DR: Overall, BE was not associated with heartburn, although heartburn was more common in persons with LSBE or circumferential short segments, and SSBE is relatively common in people age > or =40 years with no prior endoscopy, irrespective of heartburn history.

TL;DR: This paper presents a poster presented at the 2015 American Academy of Pathology Congress, entitled “Advances in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine: Foundations of Precision Pathology, 2nd Ed.” in Cleveland, Ohio.

TL;DR: Findings show that a proinflammatory polymorphism in the TNF-alpha gene is associated with increased risk for GC, and that it is possible to define a specific genetic profile associated with highest risk for CAG and GC.

TL;DR: Lamivudine should be considered preemptively before or at the initiation of chemotherapy for all hepatitis B surface antigen-positive lymphoma patients undergoing intense chemotherapy.