Showing papers in "Fluoride in 2010"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: RahRahmani et al. as discussed by the authors conducted a study to determine the relationship of fluoride (F) in groundwater and dental caries in children living in the Arsanjan area of the Fars province, Iran, and also with some inorganic constituents in the water.
Abstract: CHILD DENTAL CARIES IN RELATION TO FLUORIDE AND SOME INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS IN DRINKING WATER IN ARSANJAN, IRAN Ayat Rahmani,a Kourosh Rahmani,b Sina Dobaradaran,a,c Amir Hossein Mahvi,a Rahmatollah Mohamadjani,d Hassan Rahmanib Tehran, Iran Summary: This study was conducted to determine the relationship of fluoride (F) in groundwater and dental caries in children living in the Arsanjan area of the Fars province, Iran, and also with some inorganic constituents in the water. Eight villages in Arsanjan with only groundwater sources of drinking water and essentially the same socio-economic living standards and nutritional conditions were surveyed. All 2376 children of all the villages in the three age groups of 6 (5.5–6.5), 9 (8.5–9.5), and 11 (10.5–11.5) years were examined. The F content in the village drinking water measured by the SPADNS method ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 mg/L. Besides pH, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids (TDS), the levels of Cl–, SO4, Ca2+, and Mg2+were also determined. The overall number of decayed permanent teeth (Dt) per child ranged between 0.12 and 0.36 and the number of decayed deciduous teeth (dt) ranged between 1.01 and 3.30 per child. Linear regression analyses showed only a weak but no significant association between small decreases of the mean overall Dt and dt and increasing water F levels. However, F was positively related to TDS, Ca2+, and Mg2+, but negatively related to pH with no other association between the F concentration and other parameters.
59 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, Granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), a combination of poorly crystallized FeOOH, was investigated for removal of fluoride (F) from water, and adsorption was studied in batch experiments at room temperature together with the effect of contact time, pH, initial F concentration, and SO4 and Cl− as interfering anions.
Abstract: Granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), a combination of poorly crystallized FeOOH, was investigated for removal of fluoride (F) from water. Adsorption was studied in batch experiments at room temperature together with the effect of contact time, pH, initial F concentration, and SO4 and Cl– as interfering anions. Lower pH with higher initial F concentration and longer contact time increased the F removal efficiency. In the absence of interfering anions, maximum removal of F approaching 88 percent was achieved at pH 6 after 30 min from water containing 7 mg F/L. Considering economic and feasibility aspects, adsorption of F with GFH is recommended as a successful method of F removal from water and wastewater treatment plants.
45 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, 17 plant species that are tolerant and highly tolerant to HF were selected to establish hydroponic cultures to identify plants with the capacity to remove F from water and might be useful for phytoremediation of F. The potential use of S. officinarum for remediation of F-contaminated water is discussed.
Abstract: Seventeen plant species that are tolerant and highly tolerant to HF were selected to establish hydroponic cultures. These species were exposed to 2.5, 4, 5, and 10 mg fluoride (F) ion/L to identify plants with the capacity to remove F from water and might be useful for phytoremediation of F. Only Camellia japonica, Pittosporum tobira, and Saccharum officinarum were able to remove F from water with some degree of efficiency. At 4 mg F/L, sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) removed 40% of F compared to the 7.5% and 15% removed by C. japonica and P. tobira, respectively. A concentration of 5 mg F/L seemed to be the maximum level tolerated by these plant species. The potential use of S. officinarum for remediation of F-contaminated water is discussed.
37 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Tamarind pulp is able to prevent free radical induced oxidative stress by F, attributable to its antioxidant property, and may be useful to prevent the oxidative damage caused by consumption of excessive amounts of F.
Abstract: To evaluate the protective effect of tamarind pulp against fluoride (F)induced oxidative stress in the liver, adult female Wistar rats were treated daily for 45 days with sodium fluoride (300 ppm NaF = 136.7 ppm fluoride ion) in drinking water, alone or in combination with tamarind pulp (20 mg/kg bw by oral intubation). Malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and ascorbic acid level in the liver, and levels of calcium and F, plus activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum were determined 24 hr after the last treatment. In the NaF-treated animals, a significant increase in MDA content and a concomitant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and the ascorbic acid level in liver and increased activities of AST and ALT, and increased calcium and F concentrations in serum were observed. Administration of tamarind pulp together with NaF produced significant amelioration in all parameters studied, indicating that tamarind pulp is able to prevent free radical induced oxidative stress by F, attributable to its antioxidant property. It is concluded that tamarind pulp may be useful to prevent the oxidative damage caused by consumption of excessive amounts of F.
33 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: An investigation of fluoride accumulation in Hordeum vulgare (barley) var. RD-2683 and its effect on the growth and crop yield was conducted in a pot experiment as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An investigation of fluoride (F) accumulation in Hordeum vulgare (barley) var. RD-2683 and its effect on the growth and crop yield was conducted in a pot experiment. Six different concentrations of F in the water were used for irrigation ranging from 4 to 20 ppm with distilled water as the control. Potentiometric determinations of the F content in different parts of the plant were made 45, 90, and 135 days after sowing the seeds (first, second, and third harvest, respectively). At the third harvest the highest mean plant part concentrations of F were recorded with 20 ppm F in the irrigation water: 17.36 μg/g in the roots, 13.06 μg/g in the shoots, 11.74 μg/g in the leaves, and 14.44 μg/g in the crop (grain).
29 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Chronic fluoride (F) intoxication in the form of osteo-dental fluorosis was observed in 23 domestic equus animals, including 14 horses and 9 donkeys living in F endemic areas of Dungarpur district, Rajasthan, India, including Eleven (78.7%) of these horses and all nine donkeys were afflicted with mild to severe dental fluorosis.
Abstract: Chronic fluoride (F) intoxication in the form of osteo-dental fluorosis was observed in 23 domestic equus animals, 9 to 23 years old, including 14 horses (Equus caballus), and 9 donkeys (E. asinus) living in F endemic areas of Dungarpur district, Rajasthan, India. The mean F concentration in the drinking water in these areas ranged from 1.4 to 3.3 ppm. Eleven (78.7%) of these horses and all nine donkeys were afflicted with mild to severe dental fluorosis. Their incisor teeth were brown to black-yellowish in color. Also present as indications of more severe chronic F intoxication were irregular wearing and excessive abrasions of the teeth, deep dark-yellowish discoloration of exposed cementum and/or remaining enamel surface, and pronounced loss of tooth-supporting alveolar bone with recession of gingiva. Excessive hypoplasia and light brown-yellowish pigmentation on the enamel surface of incisors were also observed in 2 foals below the age of 2 months.
23 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This chronic treatment with F promoted a decrease in the pp185 tyrosine phosphorylation status in the muscle tissue but not in the liver, and an increase in insulin resistance.
Abstract: With half the animals as controls without fluoride (F) in their drinking water, 16 of 32 seven-week-old castrated male Wistar rats were administered NaF in their drinking water and F contained in food pellets (estimated total F intake: 4.0 mg F/kg bw/day). After 42 days, determinations were made of the insulin receptor substrate (pp185–IRS-1/IRS/2), tyrosine phosphorylation status, and the extent of glycemia and insulinemia. This chronic treatment with F promoted: 1) decrease in the pp185 tyrosine phosphorylation status in the muscle tissue but not in the liver; 2) increase in the plasma F level; 3) no alteration in glycemia and insulinemia; 4) an increase in insulin resistance.
20 citations
Journal Article•
16 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the groundwater fluoride (F) concentration and dental caries in children living in the Noorabademamasani area of Fars Province in Iran.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the groundwater fluoride (F) concentration and dental caries in children living in the Noorabademamasani area of Fars Province in Iran. The residents all have essentially the same socio-economic living standards and nutritional conditions. All 3349 children in the four age groups of 6 (5.5-6.5), 9 (8.5-9.5), 10 (9.5-10.5), and 12 (11.5-12.5) years were surveyed in seven village districts of the area. F levels in the drinking water measured by the SPADNS method ranged from 0.10 to 0.53 mg/L. The overall number of decayed permanent teeth (Dt) per child ranged between 0.16 and 0.24, and the number of decayed deciduous teeth (dt) ranged between 0.95 and 3.00. Although the F level in the drinking water is below the national levels, the dental caries rates were also below the national levels. Linear regression analyses showed only a very weak decrease between the overall Dt and dt scores and increasing water F levels in the seven village districts that are not statistically significant (R2 = 0.159, p = 0.391, and R2 = 0.280, p = 0.267, respectively).
15 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The data indicate that the F intake in the Koohbanan preschool children is high, corresponding to 0.107 mg F/kg bw/day.
Abstract: The amount of fluoride (F) ion excreted in 24-hr urine of preschool children in Koohbanan, Iran, was measured. The total volume of urine over a 24-hr period of 26 healthy 4–5 yr-old children (14 boys and 12 girls with a mean body weight of 16 kg) was collected under carefully controlled conditions. From the F concentration in 1-mL samples, the total amount of F excreted during the 24-hr period was calculated. The amount of F ingested from food and water over the same period was determined by a checklist. The average amount of F ion in 24-hr urine of these children was 0.41 mg, and the total 24-hr F intake was 1.71 mg. The data indicate that the F intake in the Koohbanan preschool children is high, corresponding to 0.107 mg F/kg bw/day.
10 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Daily consumption of tamarind correlated with less dental and skeletal fluorosis, whereas smoking and the use of Al utensils for cooking appeared to enhance the effects of fluoride toxicity.
Abstract: A field study was undertaken to determine effects of tamarind, the use of aluminium (Al) cooking utensils, and smoking on dental and skeletal fluorosis in the randomly selected fluoride (F) endemic village of Buttlapally in the Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India, where the F level in the drinking water is 3.6 ppm. In the survey, information on the above factors was collected for all persons in the village of 46 households (HHs) with a total population of 144 adults and 83 children. The survey revealed that persons who consume tamarind daily had significantly less (p<0.01) dental mottling, bamboo spine, and genu varum/genu valgum than occasional tamarind users. The incidence of skeletal and dental fluorosis was significantly higher among smokers than nonsmokers. About 95% of the HHs used Al utensils, which aggravated the fluorosis problem in the village. When the 3.6-ppm F water was stored undisturbed for 8 and 24 hr in an Al vessel, the F level decreased to 2.58 ppm and 2.36 ppm, respectively; boiling the water for 40 min in an Al utensil decreased the F level to 2.25 ppm. In conclusion, daily consumption of tamarind correlated with less dental and skeletal fluorosis, whereas smoking and the use of Al utensils for cooking appeared to enhance the effects of fluoride toxicity.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Chemical fractionation and speciation analyses for F showed that the inorganic fraction of F in penguin bones represented only about one-third of the total F with the rest bound organically, mostly in the form of fluorinated chitin or its derivatives.
Abstract: Despite having an exceptionally high fluorine (F) concentration in their bones (up to 9000 μg/g in the present study), radiographs of mature Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) do not show any symptoms of skeletal fluorosis. In this research, a series of chemical fractionation and speciation analyses for F gave a tentative explanation for this seemingly abnormal fact. The results showed that the inorganic fraction of F in penguin bones represented only about one-third of the total F with the rest bound organically, mostly in the form of fluorinated chitin or its derivatives. A laboratory experiment with rats on a high F intake indicated that chitin might prevent skeletal fluorosis by effectively combining with F and inhibiting abnormal mineralization, thereby decreasing the expected increase in bone mineral density.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have utilized water F analyses of separate individual areas by subdividing the region into three zones (<0.10, 1.0-1.5, and > 1.5 mg F/L) having different potentials for their vulnerability in relation to hazardous effects of F with possible precision and accuracy.
Abstract: The Assam region has been recognized only recently as one of the endemic fluorosis areas in India. Surveys indicate that one-seventh of the 700,000 people in the Karbianglong district of Assam have dental and/or skeletal fluorosis. For this reason, the high concentrations of fluoride (F) in the water resources in various areas of the district are of great concern. In this report we have utilized water F analyses of separate individual areas by subdividing the region into three zones (<0.10, 1.0-1.5, and >1.5 mg F/L) having different potentials for their vulnerability in relation to hazardous effects of F with possible precision and accuracy. These zonation plots should contribute significantly toward planning and developing an improved quality of life for the area and its people.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results indicate that F adversely affects the ECG in male rabbits, with a significant decrease in the R-R interval and significant increases in the mean heart rate and corrected QT intervals.
Abstract: Effects of fluoride (F) on electrocardiogram (ECG) values were determined in ten healthy adult male New Zealand white rabbits. After the initial ECG values were measured, the rabbits were administered 20 mg NaF/kg body weight by oral intubation for two months, and the new ECG values were determined. There was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the R-R interval (duration between the peaks of two consecutive R waves of ECG) and P-R interval (duration from the starting of P wave to the starting of QRS complex in ECG), while significant (p<0.001) increases in the mean heart rate and corrected QT intervals were observed compared to the initial baseline values. The results indicate that F adversely affects the ECG in male rabbits.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results indicated that concurrent administration of aluminium sulphate failed to show ameliorative action on the enzymatic alterations induced during subacute intoxication by NaF as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: As part of a recent study on goats, alterations in enzymatic parameters were determined after oral administration for 30 days of 20 mg of NaF/kg bw/day to four healthy goats (Group 1) plus the same dose of NaF with 150 mg of aluminium sulphate/kg bw/day to another four healthy goats (Group 2). Significant decreases (p < 0.01) in acetylcholinesterase, phosphatases, and alanine aminotransferase activities were observed in both groups of goats, and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase activity was observed in only the Group 1 goats. The results indicated that concurrent administration of aluminium sulphate failed to show ameliorative action on the enzymatic alterations induced during subacute intoxication by NaF.
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
TL;DR: One hundred and sixty samples of ground source drinking water were collected at different depths in the 24-Paraganas District of West Bengal and analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and fluoride (F) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: One hundred and sixty samples of ground source drinking water were collected at different depths in the 24-Paraganas District of West Bengal and analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and fluoride (F). Nearly all the samples had pH ~ 7.0, low salinity (EC < 1.0 ds/m), and low F (0.01–1.18 mg/L). While exhibiting little dependence on location or depth of sampling, only 2.5% of the samples contained more than 1.0 mg F/L that might pose a potential threat of endemic fluorosis. On the other hand, the F content in the water had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.16, p<0.05) with the amount of phosphate fertilizer use, thereby indicating its possible role in F enrichment of the groundwater. The threat of F toxicity exists for a few villages in the district.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Complete fluoride intake data from the 2000-2003 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey were used to examine questions outstanding from the Fluoridation of Water Supplies review process and fluoride intake exceeds the recommended safe maximum in nearly two thirds of consumers.
Abstract: Complete fluoride intake data from the 2000-2003 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey were used to examine questions outstanding from the Fluoridation of Water Supplies review process. In a quarter of the population, fluoride consumption from all sources exceeds the Safe Intake defined by the Committee on the Medical Aspects of Food Policy, regardless of water fluoride concentration. In areas supplied with fully fluoridated water, fluoride intake exceeds the recommended safe maximum in nearly two thirds of consumers. The implications are discussed and recommendations are made.