Abstract: Developments in Britain reflect a shift from a shallow but widely endorsed multiculturalism to a growing preoccupation with abuses of women in minority cultural groups. Four main issues have been debated in the media and become the basis of either public policy or legal judgment: forced marriage, honour killing, female genital cutting, and women’s Islamic dress. The treatment of these issues has often been problematic, with discourses over culture tending to misrepresent minority cultural groups as monolithic entities, and initiatives to protect women becoming entangled with anti-immigration agendas. It has therefore proved hard to address abuses of women without simultaneously promoting stereotypes of culture. The most encouraging signs of resolving these tensions appear where there has been a prior history of women’s activism, and a greater willingness on the part of government to draw groups into consultation. We argue that this offers a greater prospect of devising effective initiatives that do not set up multiculturalism in opposition to women’s rights.

Abstract: In this article, a group of four indigenous Māori educators and one non-Māori educator comment on a proposed amendment to the New Zealand National Curriculum Framework to replace the current separa...

Abstract: Keddie, Nikki (1981) Roots of Revolution: An Interpretive History of Modern Iran. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Kedourie, Elie (1971) Nationalism in Asia and Africa. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Lyons, F.S. (1979) Culture and Anarchy in Ireland, 1890–1930. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Marx, Anthony (2003) Faith in Nation: Exclusionary Origins of Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mosse, George (1990) Fallen Soldiers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nairn, Tom (1977) The Break-up of Britain: Crisis and Neo-Nationalism. London: Verso. Peel, John (1989) ‘The Cultural Work of Yoruba Ethno-genesis’, in Elisabeth Tonkin, Maryon McDonald and Malcolm Chapman (eds) History and Ethnicity, pp. 198–215. London: Routledge. Smith, Anthony D. (1986) The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell. Wilton, Andrew and Tim Barringer, eds (2002) American Sublime: Painting in the United States, 1820–1880. London: Tate Publishing. Winter, Jay (1995) Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Zimmer, Oliver (2003) A Contested Nation: History, Memory and Nationalism in Switzerland, 1761–1891. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Abstract: Within a short period of time, the Netherlands transformed itself from a relatively tolerant country to a nation that called for cultural assimilation, tough measures and neo-patriotism. The discursive genre of `new realism' played a crucial role in this retreat from multiculturalism, and that had a dual effect for immigrant women. Whereas formerly they were virtually ignored by both the integration and the emancipation policy, since the triumph of new realism they are in the centre of both policy lines and there is now more policy attention for their needs and interests. Yet in the public debate the culture card is drawn frequently and immigrant women are portrayed as either victims or accomplices of their oppressive cultures. Policy makers and practitioners in the field, however, succeeded in avoiding cultural stereotyping by developing cultural-sensitive measures, while naming them in culture-blind terms.

Abstract: This article presents an analysis of the recent headscarf debate in Belgium, and explores in particular to what extent issues of gender equality and feminist arguments were central to the discussion. It is argued that compared to France, concerns about secularity and state-neutrality, national identity and equality, all find resonance in the Belgian context, but are articulated in a more ambiguous and less `principled' way. This partly explains the paradoxical situation in which, despite a widespread resistance to a general law banning the wearing of religious symbols in public schools, in practice, headscarf prohibitions are on the rise throughout various regions of the country. Although issues of gender equality and cultural diversity often cut and flow across debates and policies in European nation states, the Belgian hijab question provides a unique case, because of various lines of fracture and processes of increasing diversification that characterize Belgian society.

Abstract: Across Europe, the discourse and practices of multiculturalism are in crisis. Politicians compete to stress the importance of a strong sense of national identity and belonging, and have come to regard diversity as a problem rather than a resource. The language of integration – once perceived by many as objectionably close to assimilation – increasingly dominates debate. Newspaper articles call on immigrants to confirm that they have opted for the values of their host society, while governments insist on applicants for citizenship undergoing courses in the national language and what are said to be the values of the host country. Multiculturalism – never as powerful a force in European politics as its critics have suggested – has come to be associated with ethnic ghettos and people living ‘parallel lives’. Multiculturalism was attacked from the right almost from its inception, and was repudiated by segments of the left for allegedly burying the inequalities of race in vague celebrations of cultural difference. It was never adopted as official policy in any part of Europe, though Belgium has long pursued what might be described as policies of multiculturalism in relation to its major language groups, and Norway, Sweden, and Finland have increasingly recognized the rights of the indigenous Sami people, most notably with the creation of a Sami Parliament in Norway. In France, however, multiculturalism was rejected pretty much out of hand as at odds with republican principles;1 in Germany, as at odds with a predominantly ethnicized conception of citizenship; while in Italy or Spain, multiculturalism barely figured in either popular or political discourse until the last few years. In those countries most commonly cited as exemplars of multicultural G U E S T E D I T O R I A L

Abstract: Since the maxim of Germany as a non-immigration country was finally relinquished at the end of the 20 th century, the country has struggled with redefining itself as an immigration society and inve...

Abstract: This article examines the representation of Cuban refugees during the 1960s and 1970s in the USA. Positioning the Cuban refugees as `ideologically' valuable, the US government undertook a substanti...

Abstract: Critical literature has questioned British state-sponsored multiculturalism's capacity to confront racism and facilitate cross-community alliances; instead, multiculturalism is perceived to constit...

Abstract: The impending future loss of the Jewish majority due to higher Palestinian birth rates and shrinking immigration exacerbate existential insecurities among Jewish Israelis. The ongoing competition for limited public resources, electoral power and political influence hinge on the size and natural increase of different ethnic sectors. In this ethnocentric milieu, motherhood for both Israeli and Arab citizens is construed as a national mission and an epitome of devotion to one's people. The set of this study — hospital maternity unit — serves as a meeting place for diverse and often contentious ethnocultural identities and mothering practices of the birthing women. I explore the distinct voices of Israeli mothers belonging to four ethnocultural groups: Jewish natives, Arab natives, and Russian and Ethiopian immigrants of the last 15 years. The article highlights the dissents and mutual stereotypes pertaining to maternal practices, parental responsibilities and `quantity vs. quality' in family planning. It sho...

Abstract: This article proposes an event structure hypothesis to study the ethnic dimensions of conflict in Darfur, Sudan. I construct a narrative that describes a sequence of four `event structures' to explore how ethnic boundaries transformed in Darfur during the period from the formation of the modern Sudanese state in 1956 through the regional wars fought in Darfur in the 1980s. I use anthropologist Fredrik Barth's influential `ethnic boundary theory' as a conceptual model to describe the historical interaction between ethnic groups. Barth's ethnic boundary theory is useful not just on its own merits, but because it was informed, in part, by examples provided by ethnographic work carried out in Darfur in the late 1960s. I propose the hypothesis that Darfur was subjected to four major historical changes that occurred between independence and the end of the 1980s, which further solidified and eventually militarized ethnic boundaries between groups and clans, who then began identifying themselves as `Arab' or `non...

Abstract: Kymlicka, Will (1995) Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kymlicka, Will (1998) Finding Our Way: Rethinking Ethnocultural Relations in Canada. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kymlicka, Will (2007) Multicultural Odysseys. The New International Politics of Diversity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kymlicka, Will and Baogang He (eds) (2005) Multiculturalism in Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kymlicka,Will and Magda Opalski (eds) (2002) Can Liberal Pluralism be Exported? Western Political Theory and Ethnic Relations in Eastern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Abstract: In its Constitutional Charter, Europe, as a multicultural society, advocates and guarantees the protection of minorities and emphasizes the establishment of the conditions for preserving cultural diversity. The protection of minorities is especially important, given the large number of different nationalities that have often not only settled within the boundaries of their motherlands but also coexist on common European territory. One of the most problematic concerns here is the displaced Roma community. The rights of the Roma minority are regulated by each individual country within its legislative borders but always in compliance with the related EU guidelines. The purpose of the article is to provide an in-depth evaluation of the current state of the Roma's participation at the local level in Europe, and specifically in Slovenia. The authors thereby seek to identify how the Roma question is being resolved, based on an empirical analysis of opinions of decision-makers at the local level.

Abstract: Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter dem \"PEER Licence Agreement zur Verfügung\" gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zum PEER-Projekt finden Sie hier: http://www.peerproject.eu Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Terms of use: This document is made available under the \"PEER Licence Agreement \". For more Information regarding the PEER-project see: http://www.peerproject.eu This document is solely intended for your personal, non-commercial use.All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use.

Abstract: sense is not exceptional. But given the rise of intra-state cases of violent conflicts in recent decades, now is neither the time for academic networking, nor for the application of ideal theory, but for interdisciplinary cooperation and the courage to reassess traditional premises of political liberalism. By trying to reassess the practical success of liberal multiculturalism, Multicultural Odysseys is making a step in such a direction.

Abstract: Brubaker, Rogers (1992) Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Ireland, P. (1994) The Policy Challenge of Ethnic Diversity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Ireland, P. (2004) Becoming Europe: Immigration, Integration, and the Welfare State. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. Marks, G. and L. Hooghe (2004) ‘Contrasting Visions of Multi-Level Governance’, in I. Bache and M. Flinders (eds) Multi-level governance, pp. 15–31. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McCormick, J. (2006) ‘Democratic Theory Confronts the European Union: Prospects for Constitutional and Social Democracy in a Supranational Sektoraalstaat’, Political Theory 34: 121–31. Schmitter, P. (2000) How to Democratize the European Union . . . And Why Bother? Boston, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.

Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Review symposium: Multicultural Odysseys: Navigating the New International Politics of Diversity by Will Kymlicka (published 2007). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-928040-7 Rainer Bauböck

Abstract: Mohammed B., the 26-year-old Moroccan who ritually murdered the Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh on 2 November 2004, was anything but the typical high school dropout that has become emblematic for the failure of Dutch multiculturalism. In fact, Mohammed B. had finished his secondary education with excellent results, had studied accountancy and social work at one of the Amsterdam polytechnics and was active as a socialpedagogical volunteer in a youth work organization in his neighborhood in the western part of Amsterdam. This potential success story of multicultural integration turned into its exact opposite only after the 9/11 attacks. One can only imagine what the mixture of frustration because of bureaucratic obstruction, post-9/11 religious and ethnic polarization, and increasing socioeconomic isolation from Dutch society must have been like – Mohammed B. was unemployed and received social security benefits – and how this contributed to the gradual radicalization of Mohammed B. and his friends. After the broadcasting of the film ‘submission’ – written by Dutch MP Ayaan Hirshi Ali and directed by her friend and incorrigible agent provocateur Van Gogh – in which parts of the Koran were being projected upon a naked but veiled woman, the religiously highly charged Ramadan provided the immediate context for Mohammed B.’s gruesome deed, which, R E V I E W S Y M P O S I U M

Abstract: Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter dem \"PEER Licence Agreement zur Verfügung\" gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zum PEER-Projekt finden Sie hier: http://www.peerproject.eu Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Terms of use: This document is made available under the \"PEER Licence Agreement \". For more Information regarding the PEER-project see: http://www.peerproject.eu This document is solely intended for your personal, non-commercial use.All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use.

Abstract: This article discusses multicultural challenges to state feminism in Denmark and Norway, focusing both on similarities and differences in the two countries policy responses. In spite of important differences, we point towards similar problems and dilemmas in the public responses to multiculturalism and diversity among women connected to a state feminist agenda that in both countries has been rather one-sided in its conception of what women-friendliness may imply. The first part of the paper expands on institutional `tracks': (Variations in) state feminist traditions, in religious traditions, and in the inclusion of organizations of civil society in political power. The second part explores the framing of the hijab as a political issue of `intersections' of gender equality versus religious belongings. The third part investigates what we see as a `dead end' in policy making to prevent violations of women's rights; that is the general, age based, restrictions on family unification as a means to combat forced...

Abstract: Although some scholars continue to debate the relative significance of race versus class, others have argued for an analysis that underscores the interlocking nature of these stratification systems. This research builds upon the intersectionality perspective to investigate the importance of culture in understanding racial and class stratification and identity. By describing a racialized class structure, this research challenges race scholars to rethink the meanings of socioeconomic class. It also identifies ways in which class shapes the articulation of a black racial identity. The article presents two competing forms of black middle-class identity (multi-class and middle-class minded) in the USA that highlight the intersections of race, class and culture. The data is based on a three-year community ethnography, including interviews with 35 residents. Results show the centrality of morality and a racial ideology of resistance as prominent resistance strategies of action with a black middle-class habitus. ...

Abstract: This article addresses the issue of advice given to immigrant parents to speak English only with their children in Australia, as reflected in the Spanish-speaking community. The article shows that something that appears to be down to chance, i.e. whether this advice is given or not, has a social explanation. This social explanation is based on understanding several social variables such as the ethnic identity of the adviser and the year in which the advice was given, as well as social variables that define the individual who received the advice, notably, his/her physical appearance in the sense of how `Caucasian' the migrant looks. Such analysis sheds light on the changing perception of migrants in Australia. It was found that, throughout the 1980s and 1990s, when there was an Australian government-sponsored policy of multiculturalism, there was an increase in the number of people being advised to speak English only. It is hypothesized that such increase is linked to the conflict and contest that any reco...

Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. The limits of everyday nationhood Anthony Smith

Abstract: The contemporary international migrations of Muslims are associated with a rise in religiosity, specifically with a rise in engagements with orthodox and revivalist practices and movements of Islam...

Abstract: Given recent demographic shifts and changes in the racial landscape of many urban areas, what kind of inter-group relations have emerged and what are the prospects for cross-racial coalitions to contest racial hierarchies and structures of racial inequality in the USA? Drawing on qualitative data, I examine the efforts of an environmental justice organization, defined as a `border space', to build solidarity and forge alliances between second-generation Laotians and other communities of color in the San Francisco Bay Area. I argue that the possibilities and limits to engendering cross-racial solidarity are also shaped by Laotians' status as new immigrants and as Asian Pacific Americans, as well as by everyday encounters and interactions between racial groups. Racializing processes in the US engender complex inter-minority relations that are marked by cooperation or conflict. In such a context, cross-racial alliances are based on political commitments and shared interests that are contingent and situationa...

Abstract: Living with cultural diversity is characterized by a fundamental affective ambivalence. On the one hand, there is existential unease in the face of cultural strangeness, which is linked to our human dependence on `common sense' — the shared background of understanding from which we derive ontological security about the world and our place in it. Through cultural contact, common sense loses something of its self-evident character, and certainties about what is normal are put to the test. On the other hand, contact with unfamiliar practices and forms of expression can equally give rise to positive feelings of wonder and fascination, as in the urban context. This affective ambivalence stems from an existential paradox: the experience of both meaning and lack of meaning are dependent on contact with transcendent realities — in other words, realities that cannot be fully encompassed within our cognitive and manipulative horizons. This leads us to the question as to what the conditions are in which cultural diversity is experienced as a positive social given. The hypothesis is that cultural strangeness cannot in any event fascinate those who perceive the presence of this strangeness, rightly or wrongly, as an acute threat to their own psychological integrity, their vital integrity and/or to the national integrity.

Abstract: Value conflicts involving gender equality are interwoven intocurrent multicultural tensions in many European societies. Theyare at the core of these tensions in Sweden, in which genderequality and ...