TL;DR: The application of diversity/stability considerations in theoretical ecology has led to the emergence of testable hypotheses with implications for biological control and agroecosystem management.

TL;DR: The history and spread of coffee rust, from its first detection in Sri Lanka to the latest developments in Central America, are discussed and sufficient is now known of the epidemiology of the disease to predict its behaviour in different regions and to devise provisional chemical control schedules.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that the nature of dicarboximide resistance is quite different to that of carbendazim resistance, in that carbENDazim-resistant Botrytis strains show no loss of vigour and are, moreover, very stable.

TL;DR: Although soil fumigation controlled the diseases caused by these pathogens, it was followed by rapid reinfestation by S. rolfsii and R. solani, the biological control agent T. harzianum prevented rein festation of the fumigated soil by the pathogens both in a controlled environment and in field conditions.

TL;DR: Stem sampling appeared to be a more precise and time-efficient method than either vacuum or net sampling in producing population levels of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

TL;DR: Measuring leaf water potentials and soil water contents was of little value for estimating tolerance but the least tolerant cultivar, Pentland Dell, showed the largest increase in stomatal resistance in heavily infested plots, with Cara showing the smallest.

TL;DR: The inheritance of resistance to the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), in 12 cultivars of rice was studied at Joydebpur, Bangladesh to investigate the allelic relationships of the dominant genes for resistance.

TL;DR: Both additive and non-additive gene action was detected by partitioning gene effects by generation mean in each 16 DM-resistant × DM-susceptible combinations, which indicates that the reactions of maize to DM are governed by several genes (i.e. polygenically) and that the inheritance of resistance is complex.

TL;DR: Watermelon mosaic virus has caused losses in cucurbits in the last 8 years in the Gascoyne River district of Western Australia and plants mulched with reflective (aluminium) polythene were less infected and yield increases of watermelons ranged from 77% to 270%.

TL;DR: To improve the choice and design of R and E programmes in integrated pest control, a screening procedure is suggested, which systematically integrate and analyse the many facets of integrated pest-control problems and can aid the decision-making process and so increase the chances of success.

TL;DR: Indiscriminate use of these insecticides should be avoided in areas where root rot is prevalent but where insects are not a problem, as these chemicals may be attributable to some metabolic or physiological effect of the chemicals either on the host or on the infection process of the pathogen.

TL;DR: Projections are that if IPM is adopted by agriculture, pesticide use could be reduced by 35–50% from present use levels and there would be a reduction in environmental and social problems caused by pesticides.

TL;DR: The economic penalties arising from the maldistribution of herbicides by the use of incorrect flight-lane separations are illustrated by an example of a residual herbicide applied to a winter cereal in the United Kingdom.

TL;DR: An optimum mode of use was devised to facilitate subsequent comparisons of pest control between the ‘Electrodyn’ sprayer, rotary atomizers, and hydraulic nozzle sprayers.

TL;DR: Models to deal with disruptive selection that occurs when the initial population of the target organism in terms of fungicide sensitivity consists of two or more distinct, non-overlapping distributions around widely different central values are developed.

TL;DR: There seems to be little danger from carbendazim resistance in the eyespot fungus if normal plant-protection recommendations are followed, and the differences in the frequency of resistant spores in the carb endazim-treated and in the untreated plots were highly significant, ranging from twofold to eightfold, depending on the year in question.

TL;DR: Pheromone-baited traps are an important sampling tool in integrated pest management programmes but small field sizes, moth immigration and/or continuing emergence from the infested cotton in the fields may have obscured the impact of the insecticide treatments on adult moth populations.

TL;DR: While the perceived losses differ among the crops and pest types, significant positive associations are found both between the surveyed farmers' perceptions of different pests within crops and between the same type of pest among different crops.

TL;DR: Current pest-control methods include the use of insecticides, biological control with Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis and Trichogramma dendrolimi, and silvicultural methods such as selective cutting, with planting of mixed stands and protection of beneficial birds.

TL;DR: Genetic analysis of resistance to the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), in 13 rice varieties revealed that single dominant genes condition resistance in the varieties Sinnanayam, ARC 13349, MGL 1, Sukhwel 20, Bam 3, Hornamawee, Senawee and Chuvanna Kumbolum.

TL;DR: Resistance to Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was assessed in glasshouse tests of 20 winter wheat varieties that were of major importance or are currently recommended for British agriculture.

TL;DR: The toxicity of several fungicides, insecticides and acaricides to the important biological control agent Trichoderma viride Pers has been evaluated in the laboratory and it is found that the pesticides were non-toxic to both the spores and the mycelium of T. viride.

TL;DR: Ratings system showed that sister lines IR28, IR29 and IR34, which all have the variety Gam Pai as one of the resistant parents, were the most resistant to N. virescens .

TL;DR: Although the use of properly mounted and maintained nets is expensive, nets have effectively protected fields at eight trial sites in five African countries between 1975 and 1980 and compare favourably with the cost of employing people as bird scarers.

TL;DR: In this paper, a windmill disc atomizer, 50 mm in diameter, produces 70% of the volume emitted in this size range with less than 5% in droplets smaller than 150 μm.