Showing papers in "Combustion and Flame in 1974"
TL;DR: The main effects of swirl are to improve flame stability as a result of the formation of toroidal recirculation zones and to reduce combustion lengths by producing high rates of entrainment of the ambient fluid and fast mixing as discussed by the authors.
950 citations
457 citations
TL;DR: Several types of quartz sampling probes, designed to sample directly both stable and unstable species from low-pressure flames, have been empirically characterized relative to the conventional quartz microprobes.
132 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the available rate data on the reaction between CO and OH are presented in both tabular and graphical form and the most reliable can be described by the simple empirical expression log(k/cm 3 mol −1 sec −1 ) = 10.83 + 3.94 × 10 −4 T.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid method, intermediate between diffential equation solution and Monte Carlo, is described for calculating the consequences of an assumed mechanism and set of rate constants, compared with standard methods as to simplicity, efficiency, stability, and other features.
91 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the gas flow in the vicinity of a spreading flame, which depended on the inclined angle, was found to be closely related to the heat-transfer phenomena to the unburnt material.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal decomposition of RDX has been investigated in a static system below its melting point at 195°C, and it was shown that Nitrogen, due to its effect on the rate of diffusion of DRX vapro away from the crystal surface, is shown to have an inhibiting effect.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a stochastic model of turbulent mixing has been developed for a reactor in which mixing is represented by n-body fluid particle interactions, and rate-limited upper and lower bounds of the nitric oxide produced by thermal fixation of molecular nitrogen and oxidation of organically bound fuel nitrogen are compared with experimental measurements obtained using a laboratory burner operated over a wide range of test conditions.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental and analytical study of the formation of oxygen atoms during the oxidation of methane and methane-hydrogen mixtures behind incident shock waves was carried out over the temperature range 1790-2584 K at reaction pressures between 1.2 and 1.7 atm.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the minimum ignition energies for a number of hydrocarbon-air mixtures over the temperature range of 22 −125°C and at two pressures.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 91/9 RDX/wax mixture was used to observe the transitional behavior of burning to detonation for all densities between 67 and 95% TMD, and the sequence of observed events following the ignition of the explosives charge was: stable propagation of a convective flame front, compaction of the more porous burning charges, formation of a postconvective (compressive) wave in the ignition region, subsequent coalescence of compressive waves some distance beyond the ignition regions, and a detonation wave 1 to 2 cm beyond the intersection of
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe apparatus and instrumentation whereby the sequence of events in confined burning of explosives can be followed, including pressure buildups, formation of a convective flame front, and a pressure rupture of the confining tube.
TL;DR: In this article, the low-temperature oxidation of propane is examined in a stirred-flow system which avoids most of the difficulties encountered with static vassel experiments, showing limit cycle behavior, hysteresis, and multistability, as well as damped oscillations and nonoscillatory slow reactions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of products and 1,3,5 trinitrobenzene on the thermal decomposition of RDX in static system at 195°C has been studied.
TL;DR: In this article, the combustion mechanism of laser-ignited magnesium particles in the 100 ν-size range was studied by cinemicrography of burning particles and by scanning electron micrographs of quenched samples.
TL;DR: In this paper, the nonlinear one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction equation in Cartesian coordinates for self-heating bodies is solved exactly, and the integral functions resulting from the solution are tabulated.
TL;DR: In this paper, an explanation for the motion of an ignition kernel away from the electrode gap is presented, and a simplified theory is developed that gives quantitative results in reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements.
TL;DR: In this article, a cylindrical furnace axially fired with a gaseous fuel from a concentric tube burner was used to make measurements of mixture fraction in combustion chambers.
TL;DR: The catalytic effect of Fe 2 O 3 on the burning rate of condensed mixtures was studied in this article, where ammonium (AP), potassium (PP), iminomethylamine (formamidine-FP) and tetramethylammonium (TMAP) perchlorates were used as oxidizers and polymethylmethacrylate (PMM), polystyrene (PS), sool, sulphur, and guanidine nitrate (GN) as fuels.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of methyl chloride, methyl iodide, methanol, acetone, and tetra-methyl on the burning of coal particles in shocked oxygen and air has been studied.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the concept of an accelerating pressure buildup in the ignition region as the driving force for precursor shock formation and pertinent literature permeability data to show that most of the experimental results for porous systems can be explained.
TL;DR: In this paper, four pure explosives and two plastic-bonded explosives covering a wide range of product compositions were fired in a detonation calorimeter, and the results were compared to those calculated with a thermodynamic-hydrodynamic computer code.
TL;DR: In this paper, an order of magnitude analysis is presented which shows that large-scale mixing in gas turbine combustors controls the stoichiometry of the combustion process at typical engine operating conditions Fuel lean combustion, a desirable condition for low NO x -formation rates, is thereby precluded for those combustors where fuel and air are fed separately.
TL;DR: In this paper, rate constrained partial equilibrium models which describe the formation of nitric oxide from organic fuel nitrogen during combustion have been developed and predictions of model calculations for the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, which contain organic nitrogen in forms typical of those to be found in naturally occurring fossil fuels, appear to be in good agreement with the Nitric oxide yields measured in recently reported premixed flame experiments.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured burning velocities and weak flammability limits at high temperatures and pressures achieved simultaneously by the use of an adiabatic compression machine.
TL;DR: High-temperature formaldehyde oxidation kinetics and mechanism are accurately described by the proposed kinetic equations and numerical simulations. The model fits the experimental data well for reactors treated by boric acid, KBr, or K2B4O7.
Abstract: Using the method of quasistationary concentrations, the kinetic equations proposed for the mechanism of high temperature formaldehyde oxidation are solved for the reaction taking place in a reactor treated by boric acid, taking into consideration the transformation of reagents in the course of the reaction, and using the Runge-Kutta method of numerical integration of a system of differential equations on Razdan-3 Computer in Algol-60 language. Agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental values of the maximum rate of the consumption of CH2O, maximum concentrations of H2O2 and the radical HO2 for realistic values of the rate constants of the reaction steps. Calculations for reactors treated by KBr or K2B4O7 fit experimental results, if the rate constants for the removal of HO2 and H2O2 on the walls are increased by one order of magnitude.
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of potassium chlorate and lactose 50:50 was analyzed and it was shown that there are two principal exothermic reactions in the absence of air.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate the fundamental role played by surface reactions in the process of hypergolic ignition, as revealed by a study of oxidizing liquid-solid fuel systems.
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of the combustion in binary mixtures of n -decane and 2,2,5-trimethylhexane has been carried out and it has been shown that branched alkane has little effect on the slow combustion/cool flame boundary but as n-decane is further replaced by the nonane isomer, there is a progressive increase in the limiting temperature and pressure required for spontaneous ignition.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of electrical fields on the combustion process is discussed on the basis of such data and an increased chemical rate of reaction may arise from a general ohmic heating of the gas and also from preferential excitation of certain molecular energy levels.