Abstract: * Introduction I. Platonic and Pythagorean Number Theory * The Platonic Theory of Ideal Numbers * The Philosophy of the Pythagoreans according to Aristotle * The Later Non-Aristotelian Tradition and Its Sources, Speusippus, Xenocrates, and Heraclides Ponticus * Pythagoreanism in Plato and the Origin in Platonism of the Pythagorean Tradition II. Pythagoras in the Earliest Tradition * Source Problems * Historical Background * Metempsychosis and \"Shamanism\" Acusmata Acusmatici and Mat hematici * Early Evidence for Pythagoras as a Scientist? III. Philolaus * The Special Position of Philolaus' Book in the Pythagorean Tradition * The Spurious and the Genuine in the Philolaus Fragments * Reflections of Pythagorean Philosophy in the Fifth Century B.C.? IV. Astronomy and Pythagoreanism * The Structure of the World and the Planetary System * The Theory of Planetary Movements * The Cosmos of Philolaus * Harmony of the Spheres and Astral Immortality V. Pythagorean Musical Theory * Speculation, Experimentation, and Fiction * Number Symbolism and Calculation of Proportions in Philolaus VI. Pythagorean Number Theory and Greek Mathematics * Did the Pythagoreans Lay the Foundations of Greek Mathematics? * Pythagorean Arithmetic * Pythagorean Geometry and Mathematical Secrets * Number and Cosmos * Abbreviations * Bibliography * Greek Words Discussed * Index of Passages * General Index

Abstract: In De Partibus Animalium I Aristotle sets out his philosophy of biology, discussing cause, necessity, soul, genus and species, definition by logical division, and general methodology. In De Generatione Animalium I he applies his hylomorphic philosophy to the problem of animal reproduction. This accurate translation includes passages from De Generatione Animalium II that complete Aristotle's theory of reproduction and notes that interpret his arguments and discuss his views on such major issues as natural teleology.