Abstract: Urinary tract infections linked to catheters are believed to be caused most frequently by Proteus mirabilis. It produces urease, which greatly increases the potency of catheter occlusion caused by swarming. Pathogenic bacteria use swarming as one of their main virulence mechanisms to evade antibiotics; as a result, there is an increasing need to develop novel antibiotic substitutes. Investigating the possible antibiofilm capabilities of artificial zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) made from E. Faecium was the aim of this study. By generating reductive enzymes, bacterial cells are able to catalyze the biosynthesis process. Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) was used to create the nanoparticles. AFM, TEM, FESEM, and other analytical tools were used to characterize the synthesized zinc nanoparticles and determine the chemical and physical characteristics of the products. Weak swarming is shown by microorganisms that develop strong swarming. After incubation, the ZnO nanoparticles were incubated for 24 or 48 hours at 37°C at a sub-MIC of 32 µg/ml. After these isolates were treated with zinc nanoparticles, downregulation of rsbA expression was detected via real-time PCR compared to that in the untreated isolates. Zinc oxide nanoparticles can serve as antibacterial agents in a concentration-dependent manner, according to all of the study's findings. This was demonstrated by the notable downregulation of rsbA gene expression, which effectively inhibits the production of biofilms and swarming motility. This was demonstrated by their noteworthy downregulation of rsbA gene expression, which effectively promoted swarmed motility.

Abstract: Psidium guajava, belonging to the Myrtaceae family, thrives in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This important tropical fruit finds widespread cultivation in countries like India, Indonesia, Syria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and South America. Throughout its various parts, including fruits, leaves, and barks, guava boasts a rich reservoir of bioactive compounds that have been traditionally utilized as folkloric herbal medicines, offering numerous therapeutic applications. Within guava, an extensive array of Various compounds with antioxidative properties and phytochemical constituents are present, including essential oils, polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, triterpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Notably, different components of the plant, comprising leaves and fruits, contribute to a spectrum of medicinal benefits. These encompass antimicrobial potency and potential anti-cancer properties. This study Investigates the phytochemical constituent and pharmacological activity of Guava by using previous studies and reports to collect more information about the guava plant. versatile properties extend to various therapeutic domains. The fruit has showcased its potential in domains like antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-allergy, and anti-plasmodial effects. Both guava leaves and fruits have been historically employed to address an array of conditions, including gastroenteritis, hypertension, diabetes, dental caries, and pain relief. While guava's pharmacological attributes are well-recognized, also all parts of guava have many phytochemical constituents. This review study shows the most important phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties, it is vital to emphasize the need for further research. Enhanced understanding of the main mechanisms of action and the possible health advantages associated with guava necessitates continued investigation.

Abstract: Electrical characterization of biological tissues offers a promising non-invasive approach to understanding tissue properties. This research rigorously examines how bio-impedance values are influenced by the frequency of the input signal and the strategic placement of electrodes. Utilizing the capabilities of the AD5933 evaluation board by Analog Devices, the study spanned a frequency range from 1KHz to 200 KHz. The results highlighted a significant decrease in impedance with increasing frequency, a trend attributed to the capacitive characteristics of cell membranes. Moreover, the specific distance between electrodes was identified as a crucial factor affecting measurement accuracy. Given these findings, the adaptation of this technique in healthcare settings, particularly in diagnostics, could offer enhanced precision, underscoring its potential relevance in clinical practice.

Abstract: According to the literature, Ájuga turkestánica extract has an effective impact on diseases of the cardiovascular system. Aortic smooth muscle ion transport systems play an important role in the development of these diseases1. This study investigated the effects of Ájuga turkestánica extract on ion transport systems in rat aortic smooth muscle preparations under isometric conditions in vitro, and it was found that this extract exerts a strong dose-dependent relaxant effect on the contraction induced by KCl (50 mM) From the obtained results, the effect of this extract on potential-dependent Ca2+ channels was estimated, and in order to confirm the assumption, it was compared with verapamil, a specific blocker of this channel, and the effect of Ájuga turkestánica extract on potential-dependent Ca2+ channels was determined. In the course of the studies, it was assumed that the investigated extract affects not only the potential-dependent Ca2+ channels, but also the receptor-dependent Ca2+ channels, the Ca2+ transport system in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the endothelium-dependent relaxation mechanisms. According to the results of the study, it was found that Ájuga turkestánica extract has an effective effect on these ion transport systems (the results obtained are described in detail in the article below).

Abstract: This paper presents the method of obtaining fruit syrup from Vitis vinifera L. plants, along with the analysis of its chemical composition, specifically focusing on the vitamins in terms of both quality and quantity. The study includes chromatographic data illustrating the relevant indicators of the syrup’s components. In addition, the toxicity level of the fruit syrup from Vitis vinifera L. plants growing in Uzbekistan has been determined. The paper also investigates the pharmacological effects of the grape fruit syrup, particularly its potential for reducing inflammation in the body. The methods used in this research are thoroughly discussed, providing a comprehensive understanding of the syrup’s composition, safety, and therapeutic properties.

Abstract: This study delves into the crucial role of oxidative stress in non-infectious diseases and emphasizes the necessity of precise control over cellular oxidative processes using both natural and external antioxidant systems. Dysfunctions in these systems often result in various pathologies, underscoring the therapeutic promise of antioxidants in restoring cellular balance. Sílybum mariánum, known for its multifaceted biological properties such as antioxidative, hepatoprotector, anti - toxic, and organ-protective effects, emerges as a compelling subject for investigating its mechanisms, particularly in diabetes mellitus. Our research examines the impact of Sílybum mariánum's ethanolic extract on oxidative stress levels in alloxan-induced diabetic conditions. Our results demonstrate significant antioxidant effects of the extract on the heart and aorta preparations in diabetic rats. This study adds to the expanding body of research on the potential therapeutic utility of Sílybum mariánum in addressing oxidative stress-related complications linked with diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Mental stress from tight deadlines and financial worries often causes both mental and physical health issues, affecting productivity and decision-making. This study aims to improve stress detection by analyzing EEG signals, which provide a cost-effective, non-invasive method for tracking brain activity. Recent stress detection systems face challenges such as computational complexity, noisy data, and high dimensionality. This study introduces optimal feature selection in an EEG-based stress detection system using the Archimedes Optimization Algorithm (AOA) and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). AOA balances exploration and exploitation, while AHP prioritizes EEG criteria. The system processes EEG data from the DEAP dataset, which includes recordings from 32 participants who watch 40 music clips. It operates in four main stages: enhancing EEG signals with Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT), extracting features, selecting relevant features with the AOA-AHP algorithm, and detecting stress using deep convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks (DCNN-LSTM). After evaluating various features with 244 EEG samples, the system optimizes to 350 key features, achieving 95.25% accuracy, 0.97 recall, 0.98 precision, and 0.98 F1 score. This setup enhances accuracy, reduces training time, and minimizes parameters, making it highly reliable for real-time mental stress detection.

Abstract: Eucheuma cottonii is a type of seaweed that are commonly found in Indonesia. As many other marine organisms, E. cottonii builds a strong bonding with its endophytic bacteria. These bacteria are well known to synthesize various of bioactive compounds including antibacterial compounds to protect its host from bacterial infections and pathogenic bacteria. Previous study has successfully isolated bacterial encoded ISP1RL4 with antibacterial potential against nonresistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial target. This research aimed to identify the ISP1RL4 isolate based on DNA sequencing, to evaluate antibacterial activity of the crude extract of ISP1RL4 isolate against multidrug-resistant bacterial target and to analysis chemical profiling of the extracts. Briefly, the cell mass of ISP1RL4 bacterial isolate was fermented for 2 weeks in 100 mL sterile liquid ISP-2 medium and then filtered. Extraction was carried out using ethyl acetate with an extraction ratio of 1:1 twice. Ethyl acetate extracts of ISP1RL4 were tested against multidrug-resistant bacteria Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli ESBL, Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL, and Acinetobacter baumanii. Our findings revealed that the ISP1RL4 phylogenetically related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain M4 with 100% of sequence similarity. The crude extract of P. aeruginosa ISP1RL4 showed diameter zone of inhibition of 9.0±1.0 mm, 10.3±2.0 mm and 9.4±0.1 mm against MRSA, E. coli ESBL, and K. pneumoniae ESBL respectively. No antibacterial activity of the crude extract was observed against A. baumanii. The liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis detected 381 compounds with 2-Amino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol (11.2%) identified as the major antibacterial compound present in ethyl acetate extracts of P. aeruginosa ISP1RL4. In addition, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis identified 39 compounds and 11 of them have been associated as antibacterial molecules. Among these 11 molecules, four prominent antibacterial compounds (> 8%) were 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 3-Pentanol, 2-methyl- and 2-hexanone. Overall, the ability of P. aeruginosa ISP1RL4 crude extract to inhibit selected multidrug-resistant bacterial target and the presence antibacterial compounds in the extract provided a promising result that the isolate could potentially be a promising antibacterial producer.

Abstract: Flecainide is an antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) class IC that has a narrow therapeutic index. The enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 are thought to catalyse the metabolism of this medication. This gene's polymorphism permits metabolic adjustments and modifies the pharmacokinetic profile. The objective of this review is to elucidate the impact of CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms on the pharmacological response to flecainide within the human body. Using the search terms "flecainide and CYP2D6; "flecainide and CYP1A2," papers on PubMed and Science Direct were found for the review. When the terms "flecainide and CYP2D6" were searched for in PubMed for all publications published between 2000 and 2023, 23 results were identified; when the same terms were searched on SD (Research article & English version), 97 results were found, just 13 of which were open access. With the keyword "flecainide and CYP1A2" in PubMed, a search of all articles published from 1995 to 2023 there were 7 articles and 52 articles in SD (Research article & English version), meanwhile open access were 8 articles. We add several articles other than PubMed and SD. The kinetic profile of flecainide is influenced by CYP2D6 gene polymorphism, however the effect of CYP1A2 gene polymorphism on flecainide is unknown due to a lack of studies.

Abstract: This paper explores the application of digital signal processing (DSP) techniques in the examination of electroencephalogram (EEG) data. DSP encompasses a collection of mathematical algorithms designed to employ signals, such as EEG recordings, and finds application in diverse domains, including sleep medicine, neuroscience, and biomedical engineering. Employing DSP methods for EEG data analysis enables the extraction of pertinent insights from EEG signals, the identification of event-related patterns, and the enhancement of diagnostic and therapeutic practices across various disciplines. This article provides an overview of prevalent DSP methodologies employed in EEG signal processing, encompassing filtering, power spectral analysis, wavelet analysis, independent component analysis, and artifact removal.

Abstract: Considering the aspects of sustainable development goals, Good health and well-being ensure the development of a nation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. One of the major diseases, CKD affecting 10-15% population globally needs to be detected at early stages to reduce morbidities and mortalities. Majorly the risk factors include Diabetes, Hypertension, Age, Hereditary, and Ethnicity which need to be screened on regular intervals to ensure the timely detection of the disease. The primary hurdle for detection is asymptomatic behavior during the early stages. Machine learning (ML) based models are majorly governing various sectors and applications. The models have capabilities to serve as assistance to the medical practitioners for effective CKD detection at early stages. This paper demonstrates the development of a framework for early detection considering various parameters.

Abstract: Dahlia Cav. is a genus of ornamental plants that belongs to the Asteraceae family. These plants are visually pleasing and contain biologically active substances such as flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, organic acids, and inulin. Among these substances, anthocyanins are especially noteworthy. These water-soluble vacuolar pigments of a glycoside nature have significant health benefits, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, cardioprotective, and hypotensive properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of anthocyanins by spectrophotometry and the composition by HPLC in the extracts from flowers of two varieties of dahlias ('La Baron' and 'Colorado Classic') grown in Ukraine, as well as to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of these extracts. According to HPLC analysis, among 18 revealed anthocyanins the fower of ‘La Baron’ cultivar had the highest concentration of cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside (31.85%) and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (23.01%) while ‘Colorado Classic’ accumulated more delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside (39.80%) and Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside (23.15%). Our study also found that malvidin, peonidin, and petunidin played a minor role in the coloration of the flowers. The total amount of anthocyanins was slightly higher in the flowers of the ‘La Baron’ cultivar (1.250%) compared to the ‘Colorado Classic’ one (1.138%). To determine the toxicity of anthocyanins, it was used an in vitro model of bone marrow cells (BMC) and found that the cytoprotective and cytotoxic activities of the anthocyanins were dose-dependent. Based on these findings, the study concluded that there is potential for developing new herbal medicinal products using dahlia flowers with a significant content of anthocyanins.

Abstract: Nanobiotechnology is an evolving domain of scientific exploration connected with synthesis and mechanism of nanoparticles in biological systems. Silver nanoparticles have gained utmost popularity because of its characteristics like thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and high catalytic activities. It also has various advantages like being a drug carrier, transmembrane deliver and potential for controlled intracellular drug-delivery. The current study deals with fabrication of nanoparticles which are formed from biologically reduced silver, followed by its characterization. In addition, anticancer activity was investigated using in-vitro cell model. The synthesis was confirmed from the change in color to brown from golden yellow and also from absorbance peak obtained at 430nm in UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The obtained nanoparticle had an average size of about 150.1 nm and its FTIR peaks suggested the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols. XRD analysis exhibited peaks in the 2θ range of 227.72o, 32.29o, 38.76o, 43.17o, 54.47o, 64.04o and 77.75o, is confirming its crystallographic nature. Further, anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles was tested through cell proliferation assays, Lactate Dehydrogenase assays, and apoptosis assay using Hoechst/PI staining, wherein there is clear reduction in cell’s proliferation, viability, and LDH release, followed by increased dead cells as a result of treatment.

Abstract: Microalbuminuria is defined as an elevated urine albumin to creatinine ratio of 30-300 g/mg. It has been recognized as a strong indicator of the onset of diabetic nephropathy. Damage to vascular endothelium and systemic inflammation can result from H. Pylori infection. Thus, it stands to reason that the resulting glomerular damage might raise the excretion of albumin in the urine. Our goal was to find out if H. pylori and microalbuminuria are related in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a case – control observational study conducted in 6 months. Random blood glucose, Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) and H. Pylori Antigen (H. Pylori antigen) in stool were measured. To minimize possible confounding factors, selecting various matching variables was put consideration when choosing the control group. Therefore, most of the matching variables of the study were comparable in both groups makes the results of studying of H. pylori as a possible risk factor for microalbuminuria greatly accurate. we concluded that H. pylori infection is highly suggested to be an independent risk factor for the development of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. As proven by the present work; a highly significant statistical relationship between H. pylori infection and the presence of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes.

Abstract: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by deterioration of endothelial function which is associated with reduced availability of nitric oxide. The objective of the study was to assess the differential status of the serum levels of arginine, arginase, NO, urea and creatinine in CKD patients not on hemodialysis and in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving hemodialysis. Material and Methods: In this case control study, clinically diagnosed 30 CKD patients (group I), 30 ESRD patients before hemodialysis (Group II), 30 patients with ESRD after first hemodialysis (group III) and 30 patients with ESRD after second hemodialysis (Group IV) were included. 30 healthy volunteers were included for comparison. Serum arginine, arginase, nitric oxide, urea and creatinine were estimated by colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Serum creatinine and urea levels were evaluated to determine the severity of renal dysfunction. A significantly decreased serum arginine and nitric oxide levels whereas significantly increased serum arginase levels were observed in ESRD patients when compared to levels in CKD patients. Serum creatinine levels were significantly decreased after second hemodialysis. But there was no significant change in the serum levels of arginine, arginase and nitric oxide in ESRD patients after first and second hemodialysis compared to pre-dialysis group. Conclusion: The findings of the study throw light upon the differential status of serum arginine, arginase and nitric oxide in CKD and in ESRD patients. The evaluation of decreased nitric oxide levels coupled with elevated arginase activity may help in assessing progression of CKD to ESRD along with traditional markers of kidney function. Additionally, evaluation of serum arginase activity may provide useful prognostic information, with large study group and further follow-up, in hemodialysis patients.

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the compositions of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the aerial parts of two Artemisia L. species (Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. and Artemisia campestris L.) when grown in Ukraine. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) detected the presence of 11 flavonoids and 10 phenolic acids in the plant materials under study. Among the phenolic acids, chlorogenic acid was the most abundant in the raw material of both species (14.503 mg/g in Artemisia ludoviciana and 4.504 mg/g in Artemisia campestris). The main flavonoids in the Artemisia ludoviciana herb decreased in the following order: flavanone-7-O-glycoside (naringin) (21.924 mg/g) > fisetin (13.068 mg/g) > kaempferol-3-b-glucoside (5.119 mg/g) > rutin (1.295 mg/g). In comparison, in Artemisia campestris raw material the order was: flavanone-7-O-glycoside (7.525 mg/g) > fisetin (2.933 mg/g) > rutin (1.355 mg/g). Since the predominant polyphenols have demonstrated valuable therapeutic potential, the data obtained could be considered for further exploration of their biological activities.

Abstract: This work was carried out to evaluate levels of expression of the Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) biomarkers in extracts of Artemisia sieberi (A. herba-alba) and their impacts on the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in diabetic rats. 50 rats were separated into five experimental groups: a normal control group, a positive control group treated with dilute A. herba alba (AHE) oil extract, a diabetic non-treated group, a diabetic group treated with AHA extract, and a diabetic group treated with Metformin. Results: Orally administered 8.1 mg/kg body weight (BW) of dilute AHA oil and 14.2 mg/kg BW of Metformin were administered for 6 weeks. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels decreased significantly in diabetic rats and increased significantly in the rats treated with the dilute AHA oil. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in thyroid gland Hsp70 expression between the diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Metformin and dilute AHA oil treatments significantly increased the expression of Hsp70 in the thyroid gland. The results also demonstrated that diabetes significantly increased the rate of iNOS expression in the thyroid gland. Treatment with Metformin and dilute AHA oil significantly reduced the expression of iNOS in the thyroid gland. These results suggest that dilute AHA oil plays a role in the peripheral regulation of thyroid function and provide empirical evidence that it contributes to the stimulation or improvement of thyroid function.

Abstract: Platelets play an important role in the diagnosis and detection of various diseases, the course of the disease in the future, and the possibility of justifying treatment methods. In this aspect, platelet counting is of key importance. For these purposes, it is important to correctly identify such objects. This served as the basis for the development and generalization of an appropriate medical image analysis procedure. The purpose of this study is to construct a generalized procedure for platelet identification in medical digital images. The work examined at least 30 images containing objects such as platelets. These images are approximately the same type, but with different intensity of the presence of the main objects in the blood smear. Similar but noisy images are also considered. These images were noisy with different types of noise. Thus, a total of at least 120 images were examined. In general, this allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure for identifying platelets in medical images. This procedure includes simple methods of image analysis such as: binarization, morphological analysis, taking into account the influence of the sizes of different objects and comparative analysis of images at intermediate stages of the study. To summarize the results, estimates such as the percentage of false detection of platelets and the percentage of missed platelets were considered. The platelet identification results that were obtained for non-noisy images are as follows: false platelet isolation was less than 0.1%, missed platelets were within 2-2.5%. The worst result for noisy images is false platelet isolation – within 10% (for images with multiplicative noise), missed platelets – within 7.5-8% (for images with multiplicative noise). It should also be noted that noisy images are characterized by identification of platelets with distortion of their sizes: these sizes are reduced or increased. The percentage of such distortions does not exceed 1.3% (for images with Poisson noise).The problematic aspects of platelet identification in digital medical images are considered. Particular attention is paid to simple methods of digital image processing. Among the problematic aspects of the proposed approach there is a need to clearly take into account the geometric dimensions of platelets. The results obtained are acceptable and can be used as the basis for an automated blood smear analysis system.

Abstract: Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have proven to be effective tools for gene therapy due to their ability to be engineered to deliver genetic material to target cells. This study investigates the performance of three different filtration membrane packs—Lepure, Cobetter, and Merck—in purifying the AAV8 serotype. We assessed the turbidity and AAV titer before and after filtration to evaluate the efficiency of each membrane. Before filtration, the AAV8 sample exhibited a turbidity of 173.6 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and a titer of 1.01 × 1011 viral genomes per mL (vg/mL). Post-filtration, it is observed that the Lepure membrane achieved a turbidity of 6.65 NTU and an AAV titer of 4.48 × 109 vg/mL, while Cobetter resulted in a turbidity of 3.44 NTU and a titer of 3.80 × 109 vg/mL. Merck demonstrated the lowest performance with a turbidity of 0.49 NTU and an AAV titer of 9.70 × 109 vg/mL. Notably, Lepure demonstrated the highest recovery rate at 13.3%, despite its higher turbidity, indicating minimal viral adsorption. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate filtration systems to optimize AAV recovery while maintaining low turbidity levels, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of AAV as a vector for therapeutic applications. Further research is recommended to refine these filtration methods to improve the purification of AAV.

Abstract: MTHFD1 and CBS genes have key roles in folate and homocysteine metabolism. Many studies reported an association between cancer pathogenesis and different functional SNPs of genes involved in the main folate metabolism and the transsulfuration pathway. The current population-based, case-control study examined the association between MTHFD1 G1958A, MTHFD1 T401C, and the CBS 844ins68 insertion with breast cancer (BC) risk in Jordanian women. The studied population included 200 female BC subjects and age-matched female controls. The targeted genotypes MTHFD1 G1958A and MTHFD1 T401C were amplified via PCR followed by subsequent digestion with the proper restriction enzyme (PCR-RFLP), while the insertion/deletion of CBS844ins68bp was visualized and scored directly after gel electrophoresis. Results showed that the examined individual alleles and genotypes of MTHFD 1958A, MTHFD1 401C, and CBS844ins68bp per se were not associated with risk of BC compared with their wild-type genotypes and alleles.

Abstract: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. This research investigates the complex interaction between HT and cardiovascular risk in adult Jordanian non-pregnant women aged 20-50. Through a study involving 50 HT subjects and 40 healthy subjects, the levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (PLA2), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were compared using ELISA methods and enzymatic colorimetric assays for lipid profiles. The results revealed significantly higher serum levels of hs-CRP, PLA2, and Anti-TPO in Hashimoto's patients, coupled with elevated cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Conversely, reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were observed in Hashimoto’s patients compared to healthy subjects. The study establishes a noteworthy correlation between thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid disease, PLA2, hs-CRP, and lipid profile, underscoring an increased cardiovascular risk in individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The findings emphasize the prevalence of Anti-TPO antibodies in adult Jordanian non-pregnant women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Abstract: Objectives: On the concept of oxidative stress in hypothyroidism, which still remains ambiguous and controversial, the article emphasizes the issue of the impact of the experimental conditions on the validity of the data obtained in different methods of modeling thyroid dysfunction. Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted on 112 white nonlinear male rats. Thyroid hormones and biomarkers of oxidative metabolism in the liver tissue were determined in rats kept for 3 months on a low-iodine diet (LID) and in rats with methimazole (MMI)-induced hypothyroidism (2,5 mg/100 g of body weight for 3 weeks). Results: In LID-rats (n=96) total serum T4 amounted 43, total T3 in liver tissue - 73% of the level found in euthyroid animal, p=0.0121 and p=0.0051, respectively), whereas in MMI-rats (n=96) both total and free serum T4 were 67% of control (p=0.0002 for both total and free T4). In LID-rats cytochrome oxidase (CcOX) activity in liver tissue was 68.5, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) - 58% of euthyroids (p value - 0.0202 and 0.0127, respectively), while protein carbonyls (PC) level was 116% of the control (p=0.0411). In MMI-rats liver malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity decreased up to 70.9, but succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and MDA concentration increased up to 163.6 and 154% of the level in euthyroid animals respectively (p˂0.05). Conclusion: LID-model led to the more pronounced inhibition of thyroid function, than that the MMI-hypothyroidism model used. LID-model was accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of oxidative metabolism in liver tissue, whereas MMI-hypothyroidism - by activation of the succinate oxidation pathway and an increase in the concentration of secondary lipid peroxidation products in the liver of experimental animals. The results suggest that the conflicting data obtained from studies of oxidative metabolism in hypothyroidism, among other assumptions, may be due to the different approaches used by researchers to model thyroid dysfunction.

Abstract: Breast Cancer (BC) is a complex disease with high incidence in developed countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is accounted for 11.7% of all new cancer cases worldwide in 2020, with an estimated 2.3 million new diagnosis every year. A 2.5% annual reduction in the disease mortality could prevent 2.5 million deaths worldwide between 2020 and 2040. In the current work systematic review was conducted for drugs under clinical trials or approved for treatment of BC. It was observed that many drugs were repurposed for BC treatment over the course of time even though they were originally developed for some other disease. This is called as Drug Repurposing. It is an approach that has gained significant attention in recent years as a promising alternative to traditional drug discovery, which is often costly, time-consuming, and has a high failure rate. Thirteen drugs were observed to be repurposed for BC treatment and we dig deep into their molecular background and reasons for their efficacies in BC treatment. Molecular targets of these drugs in the human system were predicted and protein interaction networks were analysed to work out the genes responsible for their repurposed events. Few genes seen in the disease progression, were BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB-2, ATM, TP53, PTEN, and HER2/neu participate in various biological pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ER pathways, and biological processes such as the tumor microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and DNA damage response pathways. Mutations or alterations in these genes or pathways can lead to the development and progression, and understanding their roles that can help in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study offers an in-silico perspective and a powerful tool to find potentially effective drugs by analysing the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in the disease progression.

Abstract: Introduction: Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) flower ethanol extract has been reported to have antihyperglycemic activity and encapsulation of the ethanol extract into nano chitosan-tripolyphospate are believed to have a better delivery system for their bioactive substances. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of nano chitosan-Etlingera elatior ethanol extract in reducing blood sugar and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as boosting superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in hyperglycemic rats induced by streptozotocin. Methods: This study used a randomized post-test only control group design to observe blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as markers of oxidative stress. The chemical constituents of the extract were analysed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The nano chitosan-Etlingera elatior ethanol extract used has the characteristic a zeta potential value of -16.2.80 mV and a particle size of 312.7 nm. Results: The antihyperglycemic test conducted on rats induced with streptozotocin revealed that the oral route of nano chitosan-based extract improved oxidative stress parameters. The oral route of the nano chitosan extract at a dose of 50 mg/Kg BW/day provided the best result in reducing blood glucose and MDA levels while boosting SOD level in hyperglycemic rats. Conclusion: The nano chitosan-Etlingera elatior ethanol extract is effective in decreasing blood glucose and malondialdehyde as well as increasing superoxide dismutase level in hyperglycemic rats induced by streptozotocin. Nano extracts created by encapsulating bioactive substances have significant potential for development as a delivery system for bioactive compounds in the medical field.

Abstract: Background: Personal health monitoring with wearable electronics has gained momentum in the recent years due to its usage in flexible textile-based sensors/electrodes for recording of physiological vital parameters. Such system provides scope for long term ambulatory ECG measurement and motion tracking applications. The selection /design of textile sensors play a vital role as it has to overcome skin irritations, improve the skin-electrode impedance required for conductivity. The composition of textile materials, shape and size of the textile electrodes contributes significantly towards the conductivity. Objective: To assess the proposed Cardif system for its suitability to introduce in the clinical routine Method: The proposed textile electrodes were designed using knit jersey conductive material. The skin –contact impedance of the proposed textile material, was measured using two electrode impedance method and measurement was done for different age groups by varying the frequency. Results: The measurement results showed that the impedance was decreasing with increasing frequency and was found to be below 1.5Mohm/cm2 in the frequency range of 20Hz to 1KHz for three different age groups. The performance of the CARDIF was assessed using heart rate, RR interval, SNR as well as qualitative assessment through visual inspection and were compared with gel based disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed and the various results confirm the proposed textile electrodes for continuous patient monitoring applications.

Abstract: Numerous physical and biological systems demonstrate synchronization phenomena. Early investigations focused on the synchronization of dual pendulum tickers connected by a common shaft (it was within this system that Huygens discovered synchronization), the synchronized flashing of fireflies, or the interactions of adjacent channels capable of effectively annihilating one another. The exploration of chaotic synchronization did not gain significant attraction until the 1980s. The synchronization pattern was observed in the biological signals and it was observed through studies that these patterns show changes with respect to change in the body activities. So further studies were being conducted to refine and record these signals and convert them inti human readable form. Later on, these synchronization patterns in the recorded bio signals like EEG (Electroencephalogram), ECG (Electrocardiogram) etc. were used for detection of neurological disorders. This study discusses about the works related to the detection of neurological disorders with the help of synchronization in the EEG signals that are recorded from brain and gives a clear view how EEG signals and their synchronization has been used time and again for studying and diagnosing disorders like epilepsy, bruxism etc.

Abstract: The measure of cardiac variability (HRV) is considered an accurate diagnostic method to identify autonomic dysfunction. The heart rate influences the pulse. Therefore, pulse rate variability (PRV), like HRV, precisely indicates autonomic nervous system tone. The research investigates the correlation between HRV for the ECG signal and PRV in a cardiac patient. Method and Materials: 53 electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals for 8 minutes from the PhysioNet BIDMC PPG and Respiration Dataset were used. Afterward, the PRV from PPG and the R-R interval calculated independently using Acqknowledge software were used to estimate the ECG and get HRV characteristics. Results: According to the results, there was a strong correlation between the R-R interval for PRV (694.49 ± 112.98ms) and HRV (695.60 ± 112.97ms) (r=0.99). For all linear parameters for both domains, frequency and time of HRV and PRV, there was a significant positive correlation: HFnu (r =0.99), HF Power (r =1), LFnu (r = 0.99), LF Power (r = 1), RMSSD (r = 0.99), SDNN (r = 0.99), NN50 (r = 0.99), and pNN50 (r =0.99). The Bland & Altman plot demonstrated a high level of agreement among approaches for all parameters. Conclusion: According to the finding, which showed a high level of agreement because it provides values similar to PRV and HRV for all parameters, the idea of PRV rather than HRV can be used to assess sympathovagal regulation in a broad community-based investigation alongside HRV under various clinical circumstances.

Abstract: Hair tonics are commonly used in hair care to improve hair health and manageability through natural ingredients. This study aimed to develop and evaluate polyherbal hair tonic formulations containing white tea, green tea, and cherry blossom extracts, assessing their physicochemical properties, stability, and efficacy in enhancing hair texture, thickness, and manageability. Two formulations were prepared: Hair Tonic A (10% white tea extract) and Hair Tonic B (10% green tea extract). The formulations were analyzed for pH, viscosity, density, and UV-Vis transmittance. Stability testing was conducted at room temperature (25°C), elevated temperature (50°C), and high humidity (75% RH, 40°C). In vitro efficacy tests on human hair tresses (black, blonde, and mixed) in both non-bleached and bleached states evaluated changes in hair thickness, weight, anti-frizz properties, and curl retention. Hair Tonic A demonstrated superior stability, maintaining a pH of 4.78, viscosity of 5.03 mPa/s, and density of 1.014 g/ml, with a UV-Vis transmittance of 88.66%. In contrast, Hair Tonic B showed instability under high temperatures and light exposure, with color changes and odor development by Day 28. Hair Tonic A increased hair thickness and improved manageability, particularly in blonde and black hair, while also showing better anti-frizz and curl retention properties. These findings suggest that the polyherbal formulations, especially Hair Tonic A, offer a promising daily-use hair care solution, with significant benefits in enhancing hair health and stability.

Abstract: Mammaglobin (hMAG) is a secretory protein (secretoglobin) essential for tumor growth. The molecular mechanisms of hMGB-A-regulated growth include the expression and activation of various Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways. Elevated hMAG signifies metastatic breast cancer and primary breast cancer compared to non-malignant breast tissue. This study aimed to prove the relationship between mammaglobin A expression and metastasis at Prof. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Bali. This is an observational study with a case-control design, conducted in the Oncology Department of Prof. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Bali. Secondary data were collected from medical records which included the results of clinical data, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS version 25, which included the stages of descriptive analysis, bivariate tests with Chi-Square, Mann Whitney, and independent t-test. A total of 48 subjects were divided into 2 groups, 24 subjects in the metastasis group and 24 subjects in the non-metastasis group. Age, menstrual status, parity, histopathological grading, and breast cancer subtypes showed no significant differences between the two groups. The metastatic group had a larger tumor size with more lymph node metastasis than the non-metastatic group (p<0.001). The most common metastatic organ was in the lungs. The difference in the presence of Mammaglobin A expression in metastases had an RR of 22.0 (95%CI = 4.1-117.8; p<0.001) with the results of the percentage of strong expression with the metastatic group having a mean of 55.0% ± 31.8% and not metastatic 7.5% ± 11.9% (p<0.001). The results of weak expression found no significant difference in the two groups with a value of p=0.376. In conclusion, strong mammaglobin A expression increase the risk of metastasis in breast cancer by 22 times.