Abstract: Campanian pottery is generally defined as being a blackcoated ware which was produced from the fourth to the first centuries B.C. in the western area of the Mediterranean basin (Morel 1980). During the second and the first centuries B.C. three productions can be clearly distinguished by their extensive distribution and by their particular typological characteristics. The type A has a red paste, the type B a creamy-yellow paste and the type C a grey paste (Lamboglia 1952). In all three cases we are dealing with ceramics produced in Italy which were very widely exported in the western and even the eastern Mediterranean. The type B includes several varieties which correspond to productions coming from different regions of Italy. This is not the case for the type A which originates in the Naples region and the type C which originates in Sicily. A variety of Campanian B, of very high quality, seems to have been produced in Etruria where it is well represented in the excavated material from Cosa (Taylor 1977). Another variety, very prevalent amongst the exports, would have been produced in the Cales region, a site already known for its relief productions of the second half of the third century and the beginning of the second century B.C. (Pagenstecher 1909). The characteristics of the paste’s colour of the Campanian types A and B are due to differences in the percentages of CaO (Picon 1977), the type A having a non calcareous or moderately calcareous paste (3-5 wt% CaO), the type B being very calcareous (8-1 1 wt% CaO) according to the nomenclature of Maniatis and Tite (1978, 1978/79). At Calks itself, two types of paste are found. One is very calcareous (1 3.6 wt% CaO, as mean for 8 analysed specimens) and appears at a later period on the site and concerns above all the so-called pre-sigillata pottery. The other paste, less calcareous (9.0 wt% CaO, as mean for 25 analysed specimens), corresponds to the vast majority of blackcoated wares from this site. More recent analyses carried out on twenty specimens (from the collection of M. Picon) of the most frequently found type of paste at Calds confirm these characteristics (table 1). The present study deals with the characteristic black coating of these twenty objects; all

Abstract: Analyses by energy dispersive XRF are used to establish the chemical variability in Iron Age glass beads producing coherent groups and to form the basis for a more extensive study of Iron Age glass from Britain. Leaded glass and soda-lime-silica glass beads were detected.

Abstract: Non destructive x-ray fluorescence analysis was used to discriminate between jet and similar materials (oil shales cannel coals); Comparison with previous neutron activation analysis made; Many British bronze age objects identified as jet, not shale as previously thought.

Abstract: Thermal prospection, by which we measure the surface temperature of the ground, has interesting characteristics for archaeological research, especially in surveying large areas, since a thermography corresponds to several square kilometers. Like other surveying techniques, it has its limitations and a more complex interpretation of the results than electrical or magnetic prospecting. In addition, with organisational data processing and cost problems, the difficulties encountered in interpretation explain why this method has been of little use until now. Temperature can be measured by direct contact as well as from the radiation transmitted by the ground surface: but only a radiometer can be operational in the field, because in order to compare the points of the surface it is necessary that the temperature should not vary during the time of the survey, which is limited to a few minutes. In the presence of vegetation one does not measure the ground surface temperature but that of the plants, which is controlled by plant transpiration. Archaeological features may be very well detected by plant temperature, as in the case of Villeneuve la Guyard on the 4th May 1976 (Tabbagh 1979), but it is a non-direct detection and the interpretation needs knowledge about plant metabolism and soil conditions on which it depends. This knowledge is necessary in order to determine at which stage of plant development it will be interesting to make a survey. The interpretation of results for bare soils is a direct application of the physical laws of thermal exchanges. In previous papers several rules have been established (Tabbagh 1973 and 1977a): (1) soil temperature depends on solar radiation and exchanges with the atmosphere, (2) the diurnal variation of the flux of heat in the ground has a too low penetration depth to give a measurable anomaly linked to features lying below the cultivated superficial layer, (3) slow transient variations of the flux may induce anomalies revealing archaeological features.