TL;DR: A systematic review of the literature from 1969 to April 2015 in English and French languages appears in favor of an increase in major complications related to abdominoplasty combined with breast surgery compared to abdomen alone but the level of evidence of included studies is low or moderate.
Abstract: Summary Objectives Combined aesthetic procedures are an increasing procedure and demands of the patients. The authors have assembled concrete arguments detailing the risks of combined-surgery associating abdominoplasty and mammoplasty relative to abdominoplasty alone. The purpose of this study was to compare abdominoplasty alone versus abdominoplasty combined with breast surgery in terms of short-term complications, in support of surgical choices. Research strategy Through application of the PRISMA criteria, we have realized a systematic review of the literature from 1969 to April 2015 in English and French languages by searching in MEDLINE ® , PubMed central, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Data collection and analysis The levels of evidence for each article were evaluated. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out through association parameters including statistical tests and Odds ratios were calculated for each complication when data was available. Results We included 32 observational studies that met the inclusion criteria but only four with usable data. We highlighted a combined Odds ratio of respectively 5.35 and 14.71 for major complications in these studies for combined-surgery compared with abdominoplasty alone. Conclusions The results of this systematic review appears in favor of an increase in major complications related to abdominoplasty combined with breast surgery compared to abdominoplasty alone but the level of evidence of included studies is low or moderate. Prospective cohort comparative studies are necessary to provide strong evidence. However, we recommend to avoid this procedure in massive weight loss patients or patients with thromboembolism history.
TL;DR: L’evolution ulterieure dicte la sequence des interventions complementaires selon un monitoring annuel de l’evaluation of the PIC par examen ophtalmologique and of the respiration par polysomnographie.
Abstract: Resume La complexite de la prise en charge des faciocraniostenoses justifie sa prise en charge dans un centre de reference maladies rares (CRMR). Le trouble de la croissance crânienne et faciale etant variable selon la mutation du FGFr (Crouzon, Pfeiffer et Apert), la strategie est adaptee au phenotype selon les principes suivants : expansion posterieure premiere sans ou avec distraction vers l’âge de 6 mois pour limiter la descente des amygdales cerebelleuses et pour prevenir la turricephalie ; monobloc fronto-facial precoce avec distraction a partir de l’âge de 18 mois, surtout si l’exorbitisme ou le probleme respiratoire sont importants. La strategie dissociee avec expansion frontale precedent un avancement facial type Le Fort 3 reste une option possible, apres le premier temps posterieur. L’evolution ulterieure dicte la sequence des interventions complementaires selon un monitoring annuel de l’evaluation de la PIC par examen ophtalmologique et de la respiration par polysomnographie. Le Fort 3 et la disjonction maxillaire transversale peuvent etre repetes. Une chirurgie orthognathique est quasi constamment necessaire a partir de 14 ans, avant les interventions de raffinement esthetique (rhinoplastie, genioplastie, canthopexies, lipofilling…).
TL;DR: Dans cette premiere partie, sont expliquees les caracteristiques cliniques, epidemiologiques, physiopathologiques et histologiques des cicatrices cheloides, un dereglement de la synthese and of the destruction du collagene lie a une hyperactivite du TGFβ.
Abstract: Keloid scars are a dysregulated response to cutaneous wound healing and are characterized by excessive deposition of collagen. Clinical and histological aspects are typical but they are often confused with hypertrophic scars. Principal pathogenesis is abnormal regulation of the collagen equilibrium because of TGFβ. In this first part, clinical characteristics, physiopathology and histology of keloid scars are explained.
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to describe the specific clinical characteristics of wounds healing in children and to present the current knowledge on the specific mechanisms with regard to infant age.
Abstract: Children have specific characteristics of wound healing. The aim of this study was to describe the specific clinical characteristics of wounds healing in children and to present the current knowledge on the specific mechanisms with regard to infant age. The tissue insult or injury in fetus can heal without scar, mainly due to reduced granulation tissue associated to diminished or even no inflammatory phase, modified extracellular matrix such as the concentration of hyaluronic acid in amniotic liquid, expression and arrangement of collagen and tenascin. Thickness of children skin is a serious negative factor in case of trauma, whereas poor co-morbidities and efficient growth tissue mechanisms are beneficial to good evolution, even in cases of extensive damage and loss of tissue. The subsequent tissue mechanical forces, wound healing during childhood, spanning from the age of 2 until the end of puberty, is associated with more hypertrophic scars, both in duration and in intensity. Consequently, unnecessary surgery has to be avoided during this period when possible, and children with abnormal or pathologic wound healing should benefit from complementary treatments (hydration, massage, brace, silicone, hydrotherapy…), which represent efficient factors to minimize tissue scarring. After wound healing, the growth body rate can be responsible for specific complications, such as contractures, alopecia, and scar intussusceptions. Its evolutionary character implies the need of an attentive follow-up until adult age. Psychologic repercussions, as a consequence of pathologic scars, must be prevented and investigated by the surgeon.
TL;DR: Les deformations thoracomammaires du syndrome de Poland representent une malformation rare et difficile a corriger et au mieux a traiter par des operateurs entraines et experimentes.
Abstract: Resume La deformation thoracomammaire du syndrome de Poland est une entite malformative difficile a traiter. De nombreuses interventions ont ete proposees pour corriger cette situation difficile, cependant dans les formes severes de deformations thoracomammaires de Poland, aucune technique ne donnait une correction pleinement satisfaisante avant l’arrivee de la technique du lipomodelage. Le but de cet article est de presenter la deformation thoracomammaire du syndrome de Poland, les moyens de corrections dont on dispose et les indications therapeutiques dans les cas primaires et egalement dans les cas secondaires. L’anomalie constante du syndrome de Poland est l’agenesie des chefs sternocostaux du muscle pectoralis major. D’autres anomalies musculaires peuvent etre associees a cette agenesie. Les anomalies cutaneoglandulaires montrent une peau fine et un pannicule adipeux absent ou fin, avec une hypoplasie plus ou moins prononcee. Les anomalies osteocartilagineuses peuvent etre presentes dans les formes les plus severes. Le diagnostic du syndrome de Poland est essentiellement clinique avec la manœuvre d’adduction contrariee mettant en evidence l’agenesie du pectoralis major. Le retentissement fonctionnel de cette malformation est faible mais le retentissement psychologique et psychosocial peuvent etre majeurs, justifiant la realisation d’une intervention correctrice precoce. Concernant les moyens therapeutiques, ceux-ci sont varies et sont decrits dans cet article : reconstruction thoracique osseuse, prothese thoracique en elastomere de silicone, prothese mammaire, expansion cutanee, lambeau de latissimus dorsi pedicule, lambeaux libres, lipomodelage du sein, lambeau pectoro-mammaire. Les principes de chaque technique sont precises et mis en parallele avec l’utilisation actuelle dans cette malformation. Concernant les indications, celles-ci ont ete completement modifiees ces dernieres annees par l’apport du lipomodelage qui a represente une avancee considerable dans la prise en charge de cette malformation. Dans notre pratique, si une reconstruction autologue par lipomodelage est realisable, nous choisissons cette premiere solution. Dans les cas de deformation thoracique importante, une prothese en elastomere de silicone realisee par conception assistee par ordinateur (CAO) peut etre un apport important, specialement chez le garcon mince. Dans les cas secondaires, s’il existe une bonne tolerance de la prothese, il est logique de rester dans le meme cadre et de simplement completer la reconstruction par une a deux seances de transfert graisseux. Par contre, si la prothese est mal toleree avec une peau fine et un risque d’exposition, il faut envisager une conversion de la reconstruction prothetique en reconstruction autologue. En conclusion, les deformations thoracomammaires du syndrome de Poland representent une malformation rare et difficile a corriger et au mieux a traiter par des operateurs entraines et experimentes. Le lipomodelage du sein represente une avancee majeure dans la prise en charge de ces deformations et est a considerer, a notre sens, comme le premier choix therapeutique, des que le potentiel graisseux le permet. Dans le cas contraire, on utilisera des techniques combinees ou, chez le garcon tres mince, l’utilisation d’un implant en elastomere de silicone concu par CAO.
TL;DR: The degree of satisfaction reported by 23 female patients having undergone a monsplasty procedure is analyzed and a decisional algorithm designed to facilitate surgical care according to type of pubic deformation is proposed.
Abstract: Summary Introduction Massive weight loss frequently leads to a ptosis or a pubic bulge. This deformation is a source of functional as well as aesthetic discomfort, and it also has psychological repercussions. We have analyzed the degree of satisfaction reported by 23 female patients having undergone a monsplasty procedure and have also proposed a decisional algorithm designed to facilitate surgical care according to type of pubic deformation. Materials and methods This is a one-year prospective study involving 23 female patients having undergone a monsplasty procedure following massive weight loss. The interventions were all carried out in standardized fashion by the same surgeon according to stage of deformation. Analysis of the patients’ degree of aesthetic and functional satisfaction was performed using a questionnaire filled out during preoperative and postoperative consultations, the latter taking place 6 months to one year after the operation. It included a self-esteem assessment based on the Rosenberg scale, appraisal of functional benefits (clothing, sexual activity, daily physical activities, intimate hygiene) and evaluation of the pubis in aesthetic terms. Results Assessment of impact on self-esteem revealed average improvement of 10.08 points, rising from 25.87 to 35.95. All of the patients, without exception, were satisfied or very satisfied with the impact of monsplasty on the different items under evaluation. stage 3 and stage 4 patients were particularly sensitive to improvement involving personal hygiene, physical activities and the clothes they wore. In most cases, they likewise reported a positive impact on their sexual experience. Conclusion Abdominoplasty or body lift without monsplasty can entail long-lasting aesthetic and functional discomfort. Thorough preoperative semiological analysis is essential to optimized surgical care conducive to successful integration of the monsplasty. An appropriate caretaking attitude enhances both the aesthetic result and patient self-esteem.
TL;DR: Le lipomodelage est une technique simple, fiable, necessitant une courbe d’apprentissage, permettant d”ameliorer le resultat esthetique final et la qualite de vie qu’il soit utilise de maniere exclusive ou en complement d‘autres techniques.
TL;DR: Current knowledge on medial thighplasty is summarized to allow plastic surgeons to adopt the operating technique best suited to the deformations presented by their patients and to the overall context.
Abstract: Medial thighplasty, also known as medial thigh lift, is a procedure that has been carried out for five decades. The original "Lewis" technique has undergone many changes, and thereby been rendered widely available to plastic surgeons. Given the increasingly high number of surgical reconstructions after massive weight loss, this technique is now an integral part of a surgeon's therapeutic arsenal as he strives to meet the evolving demands of patients. The objective of this article, which is based on a comprehensive review of the literature, is to summarize current knowledge on medial thighplasty and thereby allow plastic surgeons to adopt the operating technique best suited to the deformations presented by their patients and to the overall context. The different techniques, outcomes and complications are successively discussed.
TL;DR: The aim of neck rejuvenation should be to restore elongation of the platysma posteriorly and to create posterior tension in the submental skin to recreate the cervicomandibular angle and the sub mental area of the patient in youth.
Abstract: Summary Background Although there are numerous techniques for necklift, medium-term instability is frequent with this procedure. A misunderstanding of the functional anatomy of the neck may explain these unsatisfactory surgical outcomes. Objectives The author analyzes the functional anatomy of the platysma (PLA) and of the hyoplatysma ligament. The depressor labii lateralis (DLL) is described for the first time. Methods The PLA was dissected in 4 fresh adult cadavers to infer its function and to reevaluate current knowledge regarding this anatomic region. In addition, 30 patients who presented to the author's private practice for rejuvenation of the lower face were photographed undergoing specific muscle contractions for functional analysis. Results The PLA functions as a neck elevator only. Lower lip traction is controlled by independent antagonistic muscles, including the depressor labii inferioris, the anguli oris, and the DLL. The juxtaposition of these antagonistic muscles occurs at the mandibular line, which explains why the aging process is so distinct in this area. The hyoplatysmal ligament is responsible for the creation and stability of the acute cervicomandibular angle. Conclusions The aim of neck rejuvenation should be to restore elongation of the PLA posteriorly and to create posterior tension in the submental skin. Vertical platysmaplasty should be replaced with horizontal suturing of the PLA toward the hyoid and then to the skin to recreate the cervicomandibular angle and the submental area of the patient in youth.
TL;DR: The orbital emergency should be first considered in facial traumas within the ophthalmology specialty because wounds and contusions of the globe are often under-evaluated and threaten the vision.
Abstract: Resume Les traumatismes de la face sont frequents chez l’enfant et souvent banalises. La face, tres vascularisee, est le siege de saignements impressionnants sur le lieu de l’accident mais souvent sous-estimes chez l’enfant car il existe une vasoconstriction arterielle immediate tres developpee. La masse sanguine est de 80 mL/kg chez le nouveau-ne, soit 250 mL au total pour atteindre 70 mL/kg a partir de l’âge d’un an. L’evaluation doit etre rigoureuse sous peine d’une decompensation brutale. Concernant les plaies, la reparation primaire doit etre d’emblee parfaite ou optimale en cas de delabrement. Le dogme est d’etre conservateur et le parage doit etre minimaliste. La reparation minutieuse necessite souvent une anesthesie generale, surtout chez les jeunes enfants afin de permettre un affrontement parfait des berges et des lignes cutaneo-muqueuses. Les pertes de substance doivent etre traitees par cicatrisation dirigee. Il n’est jamais effectue de lambeaux immediats chez l’enfant pour les raisons developpees plus loin. Vu l’elasticite du squelette facial, les fractures necessitent un choc violent pour survenir mais la clinique peut etre trompeuse. Deux fractures sont souvent peu symptomatiques au niveau des signes faciaux et peuvent etre meconnues : la fracture du condyle et sa complication l’ankylose osseuse temporomandibulaire, la fracture du plancher de l’orbite et sa diplopie definitive. Il faut savoir suspecter une maltraitance devant des lesions d’âges differents, et une discordance entre l’histoire racontee et les lesions constatees. Une fois eliminee l’urgence vitale, l’urgence faciale est d’abord a l’œil car les plaies et contusions du globe, souvent sous-evaluees, menacent la vision et relevent de l’urgence ophtalmologique. L’urgence est ensuite la fracture du plancher de l’orbite sous sa forme dite « en trappe », apanage de l’enfant. La fracture du plancher de l’orbite associee a une immobilite de l’œil et des vomissements incoercibles est la 2 e vraie urgence car elle met en jeu le pronostic de la motricite de l’œil et necessite une intervention en urgence. Enfin, les traumatismes dentaires de l’enfant ne doivent pas etre negliges en raison de leurs consequences fonctionnelles et esthetiques. La cicatrisation primaire est le plus souvent rapide mais les cicatrices restent longtemps inflammatoires. Le risque hypertrophique existe en cas de contusions et dilacerations associees aux plaies mais aussi pendant la periode pubertaire et dans certaines localisations. L’âge interfere sur le resultat car la croissance va soit ameliorer soit aggraver le resultat initial, en fonction de la localisation et du mecanisme. Le suivi specialise secondaire et prolonge est capital au plan fonctionnel, esthetique et psychologique.
TL;DR: It would be delusive to think all types of tuberous breast can be corrected with the same one-step technique, but it is often necessary to plan several surgeries and patient must always be informed about the strategy.
Abstract: Tuberous breast deformity is a congenital breast anomaly with different clinical signs. The most consistent sign is the constricting ring at the base of the breast. There is deficiency in the horizontal and/or vertical dimensions of the breast and often herniation of breast parenchyma toward the nipple-areola complex with areola enlargement. Breast asymmetry is frequently associated. This anomaly occurs only in females, during breast development at puberty. The incidence is unknown because of minor forms more difficult to diagnose. This deformity produces psychological morbidity and encourages the patients to consult. In 1999, Grolleau publishes a classification with three types of tuberous breast deformity. The goals of the surgical treatment are the expansion of the constricted base, the redistribution of volume, the correction of areolar size and of herniated subareolar breast tissue. In type II and III, the simple use of breast implant involves the "memory" of the previous inframammary fold line. To avoid this complication, it is necessary to make a glandular rearrangement with parenchymal flaps like Puckett and Ribeiro. It is a real challenge for the plastic surgeon who must reshape the breast and obtain a symmetry of volume. It would be delusive to think all types of tuberous breast can be corrected with the same one-step technique. It is often necessary to plan several surgeries and patient must always be informed about the strategy.
TL;DR: Notre technique de tatouage nous semble pertinente et totalement adaptee : sa realisation est simple, reproductible, n’augmente pas le cout global of the reconstruction, offre un gain de temps and donne un meilleur resultat a long terme.
Abstract: The reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex is an essential step in breast reconstruction. It announces the end of the reconstruction process, which is often long and sometimes difficult to live for the patient and will significantly improve the perception of body image. Concerning the reconstruction of the areola, tattooing is one of the preferred techniques. It's a simple, quick and safe procedure with a high satisfaction rate. This technique is still perfectible in our opinion, because the random lifetime of pigmentation is a recognized disadvantage of this procedure. We propose a modification of the conventional technique for improving the quality of dermopigmentation while reducing its completion time. Our method is to perform a dermabrasion before starting the tattoo. Indeed, dermabrasion allows better penetration of the pigments inside the dermis and thus offers two advantages: a more durable result over time and reduced operation time by reducing the number of passing of the machine tattoo. Finally, our tattooing technique seems relevant and totally appropriate: its realization is simple, reproducible, does not increase the overall cost of reconstruction, provides timesavings and gives a better long-term result.
TL;DR: Le lambeau PAP est une alternative de choix chez les patientes ne pouvant beneficier d’un prelevement abdominal, dans le cadre de reconstructions mammaires de petit ou moyen volume, avec une morbidite acceptable sur la zone donneuse.
Abstract: Resume Contexte Beaucoup de lambeaux ont ete decrits dans le domaine de la reconstruction mammaire autologue, le deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) etant le plus utilise dans notre pratique. Chez les patientes ne permettant pas le prelevement d’un lambeau abdominal, le profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap, lambeau perforant reposant sur les perforantes issues des vaisseaux femoraux profonds, est une alternative de choix, sans prelevement musculaire. Objectif Le but de ce travail etait d’analyser les raffinements techniques, les avantages et les complications postoperatoires des 30 premiers cas consecutifs de reconstruction mammaire par lambeau PAP dans notre service. Materiel et methode Une analyse prospective des 30 cas a ete effectuee de novembre 2014 a octobre 2015. Deux types de palette cutanee ont ete utilisees : classique ou avec extension verticale. Les parametres suivants ont ete mesures : longueur du pedicule, poids du lambeau, vaisseaux receveur, duree operatoire, duree d’hospitalisation, complications sur la zone donneuse ou receveuse. Resultats La reconstruction etait differee dans 77 % des cas, immediate dans 23 % des cas. Vingt-cinq lambeaux etaient a palette cutanee classique, 5 etaient realises avec une extension verticale. Le poids moyen du lambeau etait de 301 g (195 a 700 g). La longueur moyenne du pedicule etait de 9,88 cm (8,2 a 12,5 cm). Les vaisseaux receveurs etaient le pedicule mammaire interne dans 90 % des cas ou le pedicule circonflexe scapulaire dans 10 % des cas. Le temps operatoire moyen etait de 328 min (195 a 610 min). Deux patientes ont presente une necrose totale du lambeau. Les complications du site donneur se sont limitees a deux serums et quatre retards de cicatrisation. Aucun lymphœdeme n’est survenu. Conclusion Le lambeau PAP est une alternative de choix chez les patientes ne pouvant beneficier d’un prelevement abdominal, dans le cadre de reconstructions mammaires de petit ou moyen volume, avec une morbidite acceptable sur la zone donneuse.
TL;DR: Le diagnostic de loxoscelisme cutane doit etre fait dans des regions endemiques devant une necrose tegumentaire d’allure infectieuse rapidement evolutive associe a des signes generaux atypiques, insensible au traitement antibiotique.
Abstract: Resume Introduction Les araignees Loxosceles sont ubiquitaires et responsables de nombreux cas d’envenimation dans le monde. L’espece rufescens est presente dans les regions PACA et Occitanie en France. Au cours de l’ete 2015, nous avons du faire face a de nombreux cas de morsures par Loxosceles rufescens ayant entraine d’importantes necroses tegumentaires dont le tableau et l’evolution singuliers nous paraissaient importants a exposer. Materiel et methodes Nous rapportons les cas de neuf patientes ayant presente une morsure d’araignee dans la periode estivale de l’annee 2015 dans le Languedoc Roussillon. Resultats Sur neuf patientes, huit patientes ont presente une necrose cutanee et cinq ont necessite une prise en charge chirurgicale. Cinq patientes ont eu de la fievre et cinq ont eu des signes generaux autres a type d’asthenie importante, douleurs articulaires, nausees et vertiges. La CRP etait normale ou tres peu elevee chez toutes les patientes. Enfin, cinq patientes sur neuf ont declare avoir une douleur residuelle au niveau du site de morsure. Discussion L . rufescens est une petite araignee possedant un venin cytotoxique. Le diagnostic de loxoscelisme est le plus souvent fait par elimination devant une lesion cutanee necrotique. Des cas de loxoscelisme systemique ont ete decrits avec pour certaines especes americaines des issues fatales. Le traitement reste tres controverse avec diverses options : chirurgie, antibiotiques, antihistaminiques, antivenin. Conclusion Le diagnostic de loxocelisme cutane doit etre fait dans des regions endemiques devant une necrose tegumentaire d’allure infectieuse rapidement evolutive associe a des signes generaux atypiques, insensible au traitement antibiotique.
TL;DR: Notre choix technique se porte sur the myoplastie d’allongement du temporal (MAT) qui offre la possibilite d”une reanimation du sourire fiable et reproductible"
Abstract: Facial palsy (FP) in children is congenital or acquired. When present at birth (congenital), etiologies are mostly traumatic and rarely developmental. Acquired FP needs investigation. Research on the etiology helps to determine prognostic and treatment. At most times, no specific cause is found. Treatment of idiopathic FP consists of early oral corticosteroid therapy and ocular protection. Treating the sequelae is essential and the physician has to consider the dynamic balance of both sides of the face. Dynamic rehabilitation should mainly concern the inferior facial third. We recommend the lengthening temporalis myoplasty (LTM). This relevant technique ensures replicable and reliable results with a harmonious smile. Facial dynamic rehabilitation after surgical procedure (muscle tranfer or free muscle flap) must be directed toward control of voluntary movement, to move from a mandibular smile to a spontaneous and voluntary smile, thanks to brain plasticity. Furthermore, botulinum toxin is well tolerated and remains a great tool to treat a child who can support injections.
TL;DR: Nous faisons ici le point sur 30 ans d’experience en reconstruction auriculaire, allant des petites anomalies a la microtie (2500 cas), en excluant les variantes esthetiques que sont les oreilles decollees.
Abstract: Resume La reconstruction des malformations complexes de l’oreille est l’une des techniques chirurgicales les plus longues a maitriser, car il faut a la fois une analyse precise de la malformation, du potentiel cutane, ainsi qu’un long apprentissage de la sculpture des reliefs complexes de l’oreille. Les petites anomalies peuvent etre prises en charge par tout chirurgien plasticien, mais la encore il faut bien connaitre tous les raffinements techniques de la chirurgie de l’oreille. Nous faisons ici le point sur 30 ans d’experience en reconstruction auriculaire, allant des petites anomalies a la microtie (2500 cas), en excluant les variantes esthetiques que sont les oreilles decollees.
TL;DR: Cutaneous mucormycosis requires antifungal therapy along with aggressive debridement, reconstruction by a free flap seems to be a good solution to cover these large defects.
Abstract: Summary Background Mucormycosis is a very rare infection caused by fungi from the order Mucorales, it rarely involves the skin. We report a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the upper limb which required an aggressive surgical debridement, antifungal therapy and coverage of the defect with a free DIEP flap, a review of the literature was also done regarding indications of reconstruction with free flaps. Case presentation Here we present a case of cutaneous mucormycosis of the right upper limb in a 49-year-old immunocompetent woman after having an open fracture associated with massive contamination during a motor vehicle collision. In early postoperative period, she had multiple skin necrotic lesions. Serial surgical debridements were performed and ended up with interscapular-thoracic amputation associated with a total mastectomy. Following diagnosis confirmation of mucormycosis infection, the patient was started on antifungal therapy for several months. After disease control, the large defect was successfully covered by a DIEP flap. Conclusion Cutaneous mucormycosis requires antifungal therapy along with aggressive debridement, reconstruction by a free flap seems to be a good solution to cover these large defects.
TL;DR: Three-millimeters margins could possibly be used to treat nasal BCC in chosen cases and, regarding the high rate of incomplete excision, reconstruction should be performed after receiving the pathologic report.
Abstract: Summary Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incomplete excision rate of nasal basal cell carcinomas (BCC) resected with different margins to demonstrate that 3-mm surgical margins could be used as safety margins to reduce esthetic consequences with a low risk of incomplete excision. Methods All patients with BCC of the nose excised from January 1st 2008 to December 31st 2011 were included. Data were analyzed and reviewed retrospectively. Tumors were treated with different surgical margins of excision: 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm. The primary outcome variable was the rate of incomplete excision. Other study variables were the histologic subtype, size, and recurrent lesions. Results Of the 132 patients, 115 were included corresponding on with 127 BCC. Median age was 75.5 (64–83) and sex ratio M:F = 1.05. Of the 127 BCC, 80 were aggressive histologic subtype (63%), and 11 were recurrent (8.7%). The overall rate of incomplete excision was 17.3% ( n = 22). Of these 22, 17 (77.3%) were of an aggressive subtype. The incomplete excision rates within the groups were 12.5% ( n = 4), 22.2% ( n = 10), and 16% ( n = 8), respectively within the group with 3-, 4- and 5-mm surgical margins. No significant difference was observed between the groups ( P = .519). The incomplete excision rate was not independently associated with the surgical margins, histologic subtype and recurrent type ( P > .05). Conclusion Three-millimeters margins could possibly be used to treat nasal BCC in chosen cases. Regarding the high rate of incomplete excision, reconstruction should be performed after receiving the pathologic report.
TL;DR: Management with rehabilitation team is more important in children than in adults because hypertrophic scar and retraction can restrain growth and function particularly for palmar hand burns occurring at the beginning of walking.
TL;DR: It is believed that perforator flaps are a new alternative, reliable and elegant option that questions the dogma of muscular flaps in the management of thoracic radionecrosis.
Abstract: Classically, muscular or omental flaps are the gold standard in the management of thoracic defects following radionecrosis debridement. Their vascular supply and antibacterial property was supposed to enhance healing compared with cutaneous flaps. The evolution of reconstructive surgery allowed us to challenge this dogma. Therefore, we present five consecutive cases of thoracic radionecrosis reconstructed with cutaneous perforator flaps. In four patients, we performed a free deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap and one patient had a thoracodorsal perforator (TDAP) flap. Median time healing was 22.6 days with satisfactory cutaneous covering and good aesthetic results. There were no flap necrosis, no donor site complications. We believe that perforator flaps are a new alternative, reliable and elegant option that questions the dogma of muscular flaps in the management of thoracic radionecrosis.
TL;DR: Hyo neck lift is logical and efficient and produced satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes in this preliminary study.
Abstract: Summary Background The aim of neck lift is to recreate an acute cervicomandibular angle. Surgical neck rejuvenation typically is associated with posterosuperior traction on the platysma (PLA) with an anterior vertical PLA corset or a digastric corset. Medium-term instability can exist with these procedures. Objectives A novel platysmaplasty technique called the hyo neck lift is described and its surgical efficacy is compared with those of previously described techniques. Methods Ten patients underwent hyo neck lift and were evaluated in a preliminary prospective study. Hyo neck lift involved horizontal suturing of the PLA towards the hyoid and then to the skin to recreate a youthful cervicomandibular angle and to place tension on the submental area. Results Six months postoperatively, all patients showed improvement in the definition and flattening of the submental area and in ptosis of the submandibular gland. Hyo neck lift is less invasive, without any specific dissection, like in the digastric corset. Conclusions The simplest way to achieve an acute cervicomandibular angle is to reattach the PLA and skin to the hyoid. Hyo neck lift is logical and efficient and produced satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes in this preliminary study.
TL;DR: Les tatouages font maintenant partie intégrante du paysage actuel sociétal as discussed by the authors, and are used for camoufler des cicatrices ou des lésions cutanées dyschromiques and disgracieuses.
Abstract: Les tatouages font maintenant partie intégrante du paysage actuel sociétal. Le tatouage s’affiche dans la rue, sur la plage, dans les publicités ou dans les stades. D’après un sondage datant de 2010, un français sur 10 est tatoué [1]. Les raisons pour lesquelles les individus se tatouent sont nombreuses, variées, souvent intriquées et surtout personnelles. Le tatouage pour camoufler des cicatrices ou des lésions cutanées dyschromiques et disgracieuses est pratiqué de longue date [2,3]. Ainsi, le tatouage médical [4], aussi dénommé « micropigmentation », « dermopigmentation » ou « dermatographie », a été utilisé pour camoufler des cicatrices post-traumatiques, des cicatrices de brûlures, des greffes de peau [5] et certaines dermatoses comme une alopécie, une dépigmentation (vitiligo, piebaldisme), voire dans le passé les angiomes plans. Le tatouage occupe une place importante en sénologie, lors de la reconstruction de la plaque aréolo-mammaire (PAM) après mastectomie [4,6]. Elle fait partie intégrante de la prise en charge de la patiente. Elle annonce la fin du processus de reconstruction qui a souvent été long et parfois difficile à vivre pour la patiente et va améliorer de façon significative la perception de son image corporelle. Le bénéfice de la reconstruction de l’aréole mammaire est reconnue [6]. La reconstruction de la PAM n’est pas restreinte au cancer. Les anomalies congénitales comme l’athélie ou l’amastie, les traumatismes ou les brûlures sont autant d’indications pour un tatouage. Les médecins, les chirurgiens [7] ou parfois leurs infirmières, les esthéticiennes mais aussi les tatoueurs pratiquent
TL;DR: Le lambeau musculaire de faisceau inferieur de muscle gluteus maximus permet une couverture adaptee aux escarres ischiatiques grade IV avec perte de substance cutanee apres parage chirurgical inferieure a 8 cm.
Abstract: Resume But de l’etude La couverture des escarres ischiatiques est caracterisee par un taux de recidive important (8 a 64 % selon les series). Il parait donc necessaire d’introduire la notion d’epargne dans l’utilisation des lambeaux musculaires disponibles pour eviter de se retrouver en situation d’impasse therapeutique. Le lambeau musculaire de faisceau inferieur de muscle gluteus maximus permet une couverture adaptee aux escarres ischiatiques grade IV avec perte de substance cutanee apres parage chirurgical inferieure a 8 cm. Il est associe a un lambeau cutane d’avancement-rotation preleve au-dessus du sillon sous fessier. Patients et methode Le traitement chirurgical est realise en un seul temps (parage + couverture), sous couverture antibiotique per- et postoperatoire probabiliste puis adaptee secondairement. Un parage exhaustif de la bourse d’escarre est realise, le seul lambeau musculaire de faisceau inferieur de muscle gluteus maximus permettant sa couverture dans tous les cas de la serie. La vascularisation du lambeau musculaire repose sur l’artere gluteale inferieure. Les patients suivent par la suite un programme de reeducation en centre specialise. Resultats Soixante et un lambeaux ont ete realises chez 55 patients entre septembre 2000 et janvier 2015. Cinquante-neuf (97 %) ont ete effectues en premiere intention et 2 (3 %) comme couverture d’escarres ayant recidive. Apres une duree moyenne de suivi de 4 ans et 8 mois, 13 escarres (21,3 %) ont recidive. En cas de re-intervention, une simple remobilisation du faisceau inferieur a ete realisee dans 54 % des cas, un lambeau musculocutane de biceps femoris dans 23 % et une abstention chirurgicale chez un patient non compliant aux soins perioperatoires. Conclusions Le lambeau de faisceau inferieur de muscle gluteus maximus, de realisation simple, permet la couverture d’escarres ischiatiques tout en epargnant les lambeaux musculaires habituellement utilises pour cette indication. Le taux de recidive associe au lambeau de faisceau inferieur de muscle gluteus maximus est comparable a celui des lambeaux musculaires de biceps femoris et gluteus maximus (preleve integralement). Ce lambeau conserve le faisceau superieur, mobilisable en cas d’escarre sacree. Il ne sacrifie pas la fonction du muscle gluteus maximus et peut donc etre realise chez le patient valide. Le lambeau musculaire de faisceau inferieur de muscle gluteus maximus est le lambeau de couverture de premiere intention des escarres ischiatiques de diametre inferieur a 8 cm.
TL;DR: Dans la pratique pediatrique, le lipofilling est devenu une alternative de choix aux techniques classiques, de par sa fiabilite, son innocuite, sa reproductibilite and ses bons resultats.
Abstract: Lipofilling or fat grafting transfer is defined as a technique of filling soft tissue by autologous fat grafting. The basic principle of lipofilling is based on a harvest of adipose tissue, followed by a reinjection after treatment. Lipofilling main objective is a volume defect filling, but also improving cutaneous trophicity. Lipofilling specificities among children is mainly based on these indications. Complications of autologous fat grafting among children are the same as those in adults: we distinguish short-term complications (intraoperative and perioperative) and the medium and long-term complications. The harvesting of fat tissue is the main limiting factor of the technique, due to low percentage of body fat of children. Indications of lipofilling among children may be specific or similar to those in adults. There are two types of indications: cosmetic, in which the aim of lipofilling is correcting a defect density, acquired (iatrogenic, post-traumatic scar) or malformation (otomandibular dysplasia, craniosynostosis, Parry Romberg syndrom, Poland syndrom, pectus excavatum…). The aim of functional indications is correcting a velar insufficiency or lagophthalmos. In the paediatric sector, lipofilling has become an alternative to the conventional techniques, by its reliability, safety, reproducibility, and good results.
TL;DR: En comparant les patientes atteintes d’un syndrome de Poland aux patientes avec une asymetrie constitutionnelle, les resultats etaient significatifs pour the symetrie de volume, areolaire, de forme et pour le resultat precoce, avec des resultats moins bons dans le groupe « Poland ».
Abstract: Resume Contexte L’asymetrie mammaire se definit par une difference de volume et/ou de forme entre les seins. L’objectif principal de ce travail etait d’evaluer la stabilite du resultat chirurgical dans le temps afin de mettre en evidence des facteurs predictifs de la degradation de ce resultat. Methode L’etude retrospective et monocentrique incluait toutes les patientes presentant une asymetrie mammaire constitutionnelle, un syndrome de Poland, des seins tubereux asymetriques ou un pectus excavatum traitees entre 1980 et 2015. Resultats L’analyse statistique a ete realisee sur 144 patientes et comportait deux volets. La premiere analyse a compare les patientes ayant beneficie d’un traitement avec ou sans prothese mammaire. Les resultats n’etaient significatifs que pour la symetrie de forme, avec une meilleure symetrie de forme chez les femmes sans prothese ( p = 0,0170). La deuxieme analyse a compare les sous-groupes d’asymetrie mammaire selon l’etiologie. En comparant les patientes avec des seins tubereux aux patientes avec une asymetrie constitutionnelle, il n’etait mis en evidence une difference significative que sur le resultat tardif ( p = 0,0091). Les patientes avec des seins tubereux avaient un resultat se degradant dans le temps. En comparant les patientes atteintes d’un syndrome de Poland aux patientes avec une asymetrie constitutionnelle, les resultats etaient significatifs pour la symetrie de volume, areolaire, de forme et pour le resultat precoce, avec des resultats moins bons dans le groupe « Poland » ( p Conclusion Les meilleurs resultats sont obtenus par la realisation d’un geste chirurgical identique et bilateral. Les facteurs predictifs de l’instabilite de resultat sont representes par l’utilisation d’une prothese mammaire unilaterale, les variations ponderales, les grossesses, l’allaitement, les traitements hormonaux, le vieillissement et l’anomalie malformative tubereuse.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the morsure of an infant in pediatriques, i.e., les plaies sont souvent multiples, and a prise en charge specifique pendant the phase of remodelage cicatricielle and la croissance.
Abstract: Resume Les enfants constituent une population a risque de morsure de part leur taille, leur naivete et leur attrait pour les animaux. Le visage et les mains sont des localisations plus specifiques de l’enfant. Les plaies sont souvent multiples. Les animaux, chiens et chats par argument de frequence sont connus de l’enfant dans plus de la moitie des cas. L’episode de morsure survient principalement lorsque l’enfant est seul avec l’animal sans surveillance directe, lors du jeu ou de la caresse. Comme dans toutes morsures ces lesions pediatriques constituent une urgence infectieuse, fonctionnelle et esthetique mais l’objectif de ce travail etait avant tout de faire un point sur les principes de prise en charge chirurgicale des morsures animales de l’enfant en mettant en avant les specificites pediatriques. Les morsures animales necessitent une prise en charge psychologique, anesthesique et chirurgicale adaptee a l’enfant dans le cadre d’une structure specialisee. L’hospitalisation et l’anesthesie generale sont plus frequentes chez les enfants. Toute suspicion de malveillance (et/ou de maltraitance) doit conduire a l’hospitalisation de l’enfant et ce meme si les lesions ne justifient pas a elles seules la surveillance en milieu chirurgical. La chirurgie d’urgence est primordiale pour limiter les sequelles fonctionnelles et esthetiques. Les capacites cicatricielles de l’enfant, l’absence frequente de comorbidites permettent de favoriser un traitement chirurgical conservateur avec une part belle aux sutures, repositionnement de lambeaux cutanes et a la cicatrisation dirigee. L’immobilisation, le drainage, et l’antibiotherapie viendront completer le geste. L’evolution cicatricielle conduit toutefois a une prise en charge specifique pendant la phase de remodelage cicatricielle et la croissance. L’abord psychologique de l’enfant et des parents ne doit pas etre mis de cote et fait partie prenante de la prise en charge des la phase aigue.
TL;DR: The aim is to focus on the results of surgical excision of fingertips squamous cell carcinoma, which between 2005 and 2011 saw eighteen fingers on eight patients with a mean age of 62.5 years undergo surgery.
Abstract: Fingertips squamous cell carcinoma is a rare disease. An often missed or delayed diagnosis, the affected finger could result in an amputation. Our aim is to focus on the results of surgical excision of fingertips squamous cell carcinoma. Between 2005 and 2011, eighteen fingers on eight patients with a mean age of 62.5 years underwent surgery. The surgical excision margin was 5mm and the defect was covered by a full thickness skin graft. Three fingers were revised for having a non-secure margin with an enlarged excision and two fingers were amputated at the distal phalange. The diagnosis is often missed or delayed, resulting in an amputation of the affected finger. Aesthetic outcomes range from very good to good satisfaction except for one, which was bad.
TL;DR: Common but delicate indications are scars, especially after burns, treatment of vertex aplasia cutis congenita and expansions of the limbs, abdomen, head and neck and rare indications include separation of Siamese twins, or protection of the bowel before radiotherapy.
Abstract: The expansion of soft tissue, especially skin, is an old and physiological process to increase the skin reserve allowing excision while coveraging of the resulting loss of substance. Easy in principle, this process is subjected to constraints in children requiring precise planning and rigorous technical procedure. Between 1990 and 2016, we performed 293 expansion protocols with 411 implants in 244 children. The scalp was the most interested area (158 cases), followed by the trunk (29). The congenital nevi represented the most frequent indication (119 cases), followed by sequelae of burns and scars (64 cases) and hamartoma sebaceous of Jadassohn (27 cases). Three categories of indication can be established. Ideal indications of the expansion are on the scalp, skin preparation prior to the excision of a large nevus, nevus sebaceous of Jadhasson and severe breast hypoplasia. Common but delicate indications are scars, especially after burns, treatment of vertex aplasia cutis congenita and expansions of the limbs, abdomen, head and neck. Rare indications include separation of Siamese twins, or protection of the bowel before radiotherapy. Contra-indications are infected lesions, malignant tumors and lesions requiring immediate coverage. If the principle of expansion is relatively simple, its positioning on the scale of reconstruction methods is harder because of the risk of significant complications.
TL;DR: This team has developed a simple and fast autologous fat grafting system, useable even for a large volume of lipofilling, and based on low-pressure suction and a sterile closed-system for processing the harvested fat tissue.
Abstract: Due to the increasing number of fat grafting procedures, several laboratories have developed their own fat processing system (Puregraft(®), LipiVage(®), Viafill(®), etc.), such as closed harvesting systems, centrifugation or washing and filtration devices, or even simple decantation techniques. However, all these tissue-engineering systems are expensive. Our team has developed a simple and fast autologous fat grafting system, useable even for a large volume of lipofilling, and based on low-pressure suction and a sterile closed-system for processing the harvested fat tissue. It is a cost-effective system, as it only costs 9.28Eur (10.52USD) for a 500milliliters autologous fat graft procedure.
TL;DR: L’objectif of cet article est de decrire en detail the technique that nous employons pour prelever ce type of lambeau and partager cette methode qui permet d’eviter un second lam beau libre.
Abstract: Carcinological head and neck reconstruction still remains a challenge due to the volume and varied tissues needed. Large and wide oromandibular defects require, not just the bone but also soft tissues for the pelvilingual reconstruction and therefore, a second free flap may become necessary in addition to a fibular flap. The option of an unique chimeric flap based on the fibular artery and its branches is less known whereas it offers the advantage of a unique flap with bone, muscle and multiple skin paddles, independent of each other. The aim of this technical note is to present step by step the surgical procedure of this chimeric flap and share this method that avoids a second free flap.