TL;DR: In this paper, the NCCR Evolving Language (NCCR ELL) was used as a reference language for the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) to support the development of a language model.

TL;DR: This article found that social bonds, which were identified using both association in small groups and grooming activity, showed positive relationships with changes in dominance strength in adult male chimpanzees, and the most likely mechanism for the observed relationship between adult male bond strength and dominance trajectories is the formation of cooperative coalitions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined intraspecific variation in prosociality and cooperative behaviour within a captive colony of group-living, cooperatively breeding common marmosets to provide a direct experimental test of these hypothesized benefits.

TL;DR: This article used meta-analysis to evaluate how reliably novel object trials quantify individual differences and found that repeatability of responses to novel objects was strong and significant and was larger in short-term than in long-term studies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, a marine toadfish that produces a distinctive "hum" during courtship, to investigate how noise affects male vocalizations and spawning success in the wild.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied temporal changes in network structure and social relationships in experimentally perturbed social hierarchies of the cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni.

TL;DR: In this paper, ontogenetic, social and endocrine factors associated with intraspecific acoustic signal variation in murid and cricetid rodents, summarize the functional consequences of such variation and describe morphological and physiological adaptations underlying vocal displays.

TL;DR: This article found that highly motivated birds had shorter latency to touch the device, were more likely to solve an access point within a trial, and solved a greater diversity of them, than their less motivated counterparts.

TL;DR: This article found that spontaneous yawning was particularly frequent when the lions were relaxed and, in agreement with the 24-hour activity cycle typical of the species, was similarly distributed over the night and day.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated if the foraging behavior of Camponotus floridanus ants is notably affected during early stage Ophiocordyceps infection, and they used a maze to quantify foraging patterns and trail optimization.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the flight initiation distance of 519 feral pigeons (Columba livia) across New York City, U.S.A. using principal component analysis (PCA) to transform landcover characters and then liner models to test various anthropogenic variables including landcover, pedestrian traffic and human population size.

TL;DR: In a recent study, the authors found that covert contest competition over feeding sites gave dominant individuals an important advantage even in very large patches, where the amount of agonism can be puzzlingly low.

TL;DR: In this article, play fighting in piglets could be a substitute for real fighting and predicted that pigs would preferentially play with similar-sized mates, easier to outcompete, and play fighting and real fighting outcomes would largely match.

TL;DR: For example, this article found that leopard sharks progressively anticipated the feeding events during 27 days of daily feeding, as shown by a change in activity and increased time spent near the feeding site 1-h prior to feeding events.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of global change stressors on startle response behaviors of marine invertebrates are unknown. But, the authors found that the time to open was highly repeatable in the short term and decreased linearly across the four trials.

TL;DR: This article found that both species preferentially attended to familiar over unfamiliar conspecifics when viewing the sex that typically occupies the highest ranks in the group: females for bonobos, and males for chimpanzees.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the relationship between migration and reproduction in the highly cosmopolitan painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui, which in the Palaearctic undertakes the longest known multigenerational migration circuit of any insect.

TL;DR: This paper used repeated standardized assays (open field, mirror image stimulation, flight initiation distance and behaviour in trap) to perform the first characterization of personality in a free-ranging population of ground squirrels, Callospermophilus lateralis, and used multilevel modeling to determine whether personality influenced 95% home range size, 50% core area size, movement speed or use of a preferred resource (perches) in nature.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used biologging tags, acoustic prey mapping, passive acoustic recording of social cues and remote sensing of surface currents to investigate an alternative scenario in which large, dense aggregations of southeast Atlantic humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae and northeast Pacific blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus, were each associated with ephemeral krill aggregations large enough such that their availability to predators appeared to be influenced more by environmental features than by consumption.

TL;DR: In this paper, play-fighting behavior of spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta, was analyzed across age classes, showing that both immature individuals and adults invested a comparable amount of time in playful activities and showed similar motivation in initiating and maintaining their playful interactions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the sequential use of communicative signals of different types and sensory modalities in a captive population of catarrhine monkeys, the red-capped mangabey, Cercocebus torquatus.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate how heritable differences in individual learning affect a colony's collective ability to locate and choose among different quality food resources, and develop an agent-based model and test its predictions empirically using two genetic lines of honey bees (Apis mellifera), selected for differences in their learning behaviour.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the egg rejection behavior in the Daurian redstart, a cavity-nesting host of the common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the escape behavior of a small marsupial, the burrowing bettong, Bettongia lesueur, between two fenced populations: one that had been purposely exposed to feral cats, Felis catus, while the other had been maintained without exotic predators.

TL;DR: This article investigated how a 1-month housing with a stable social group, as opposed to being socially isolated, affected consistent individual differences in the shoaling tendencies of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aceluteus.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied whether different phenotypes, including individual differences in carotenoid-based color ornamentation, body size, personality, cognition-related traits, predict social dominance in the highly social and mutually ornamented common waxbill, Estrilda astrild.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied animal personalities over an 8-year period, representing 6 study years, in a wild population of the long-lived sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors collected and described five methods for measuring the accuracy of visual mimicry and compared them with the performance of a variety of visual ant mimics to their ant models.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effects of ontogeny and personality on inhibitory control of a teleost fish, the guppy, in the cylinder task, which requires subjects to inhibit the tendency to swim towards a food reward, and found that guppies of all ages tested were capable of executing the motor inhibition required by the task.