Showing papers in "Angle Orthodontist in 2026"
Abstract: Objectives
To evaluate the impact of maxillary advancement by distraction osteogenesis (DO) on the pharyngeal airway including the following parameters in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP), with a secondary focus on long-term changes ≥1 year: palatal pharyngeal space, superior posterior pharyngeal space, middle pharyngeal space, inferior pharyngeal space, epiglottic pharyngeal space, velar angle, velar length, and need ratio.
Materials and Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline through PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane databases, Embase, and Directory of Open Access Journals through October 2024. Studies were assessed for pharyngeal airway changes at three time points: pre-DO (T1), post-DO (T2), and ≥1-year post-DO (T3). Quality was assessed using the National Institute of Health tool for before-after (pre-post) studies with no control group. Meta-analysis was conducted using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.3. A random effect model assessed the mean difference (MD) in parameters representing the pharyngeal airway at T1, T2, and T3. GRADE criterion assessed the certainty of evidence. The protocol is officially registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023444533). In this systematic review, we followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.
Results
The meta-analysis included 10 studies with 135 patients. The included studies ranged from fair to good quality. Significant increases were observed in pharyngeal space post-DO, particularly in superior and middle pharyngeal regions. Slight relapse was noted after 1 year, but overall, airway improvement remained significant. Evidence certainty by GRADE assessment revealed high to moderate evidence except for need ratio (low).
Conclusions
Maxillary advancement by DO significantly improves pharyngeal airway in CLP patients, with minimal relapse after 1 year.
Abstract: Objectives
To assess the acceleratory effect of locally administered injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on overall treatment duration (OTD) and root resorption.
Materials and Methods
Patients with anterior crowding requiring extraction of all four first premolars were randomized into i-PRF and control groups, both treated with fixed appliances. The i-PRF group received submucosal injection of i-PRF distal to all canines on the buccal and palatal sides, and canine retraction was performed using sectional mechanics. A second i-PRF injection was administered in the anterior interradicular region, followed by alignment up to 0.018 × 0.025″ stainless steel and space closure with NiTi closed coil springs (150 g). Control patients underwent the same protocol without i-PRF injections. Treatment duration was calculated; root resorption was assessed using cone-beam computed tomography, and volumetric analysis was accomplished using MIMICS software.
Results
All 30 enrolled patients (17 females, 13 males; mean age 16.6 ± 2.7 years) completed the study, with 15 patients in each group. The mean OTD was 338.6 ± 37.8 days for the i-PRF group and 374.3 ± 49.3 days for the control group (P = .107). The percentage root volume loss for the central incisor was 3% and 4% in the intervention and control groups (P = .122), respectively, and 5% and 6% for the lateral incisor in the intervention and control groups (P = .767). Both the treatment duration and root volume loss in both groups were statistically and clinically nonsignificant.
Conclusions
The use of i-PRF did not significantly reduce OTD or affect root resorption compared with the control group.
Abstract: Objectives
To investigate the impact of living in a war zone on acceleration of skeletal maturation and development of permanent teeth.
Materials and Methods
A total of 272 Israeli children and adolescents aged 9-15 years participated in this study. The Gaza group included 106 participants from the Gaza envelope area (within 7 km of the Gaza Strip border), while the central group consisted of 166 participants from central Israel. Skeletal maturation and dental development were assessed using lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs, respectively.
Results
Significant differences were observed in all maturation variables, including skeletal maturation as well as maturation of the upper and lower second molars (right and left) and upper canines. The Gaza envelope group exhibited more advanced and accelerated maturation than the central group (P < .0005). Positive correlations were identified among tooth maturation, chronological age, and skeletal development (0.519 < r < 0.599). Linear regression analysis revealed that the maturation of the lower left second molar accounted for 47.8% of variance in skeletal maturation.
Conclusions
In this study, we confirm that children living under the stress of a conflict zone exhibited earlier skeletal maturation and accelerated eruption of permanent second molars and upper canines than their peers. The early eruption of second molars and canines, particularly the lower left second molar, may serve as a predictive marker for pubertal progression.
Abstract: Objectives
To investigate whether significant differences existed in the influence among factors considered during the selection process when ranking orthodontic programs and to understand how an individual's race or ethnic background might affect what factors were more important than others.
Materials and Methods
A survey was distributed to orthodontic residents to assess overall preferences and differences in desirability of various factors between historically underrepresented racial and ethnic (HURE) and non-HURE applicants.
Results
A total of 115 individuals initiated the survey, and 98 were included for analysis. Sixteen respondents were considered HURE applicants. "Clear aligner therapy training," "good quality of clinical faculty," and "high number of cases started" had the highest mean desirability overall. The most important factors influencing program rank order were "satisfied current residents," "low cost," and "having multiple techniques and treatment philosophies taught." HURE respondents rated "diversity of training of faculty" (P = .0154), "racial and ethnic diversity of current and former residents" (P = .0007), "racial and ethnic diversity of faculty" (P = .0002), "racial and ethnic diversity of patient population" (P = .0131), "male : female ratio of residents" (P = .0225), "participation in care of Medicaid patients" (P = .0251), and "dental school-based program" (P = .0493) higher than their non-HURE counterparts.
Conclusions
Clinical factors are the most important to program applicants. However, HURE applicants place greater importance than non-HURE applicants on characteristics that promote inclusivity and representation of individuals of similar racial and ethnic backgrounds (peers, mentors, and patients).
Abstract: Objectives
To assess the relationship between the condyle and fossa in idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) patients with severe Class II skeletal deformities who achieved stable functional and esthetic outcomes.
Materials and Methods
ICR patients receiving orthodontic-orthognathic treatment with more than 2 years of follow-up were included in this retrospective study. Post-treatment changes in Y-axis-B of less than 2 mm were considered indicative of achieving a stable treatment outcome. Anterior joint space (AJS), superior joint space (SJS), and posterior joint space (PJS) on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance images (MRI) were measured.
Results
After screening, a total of 20 patients with 40 condyles were included. 12 patients were included in the Stable group and eight patients were included in the Relapse group. In the Stable group, mean AJS, SJS, and PJS linear measurements during follow-up on CT images were 1.82 ± 0.34, 1.78 ± 0.38, and 1.81 ± 0.33 mm, respectively. Ratio of AJS:SJS:PJS was 1.0:0.97:1.0. Mean AJS, SJS, and PJS linear measurements on MRI images were 1.71 ± 0.50, 1.82 ± 0.50, and 1.70 ± 0.51 mm, respectively. Ratio of AJS:SJS:PJS was 1.0:1.06:1.0. In the Relapse group, no constant ratio of joint spaces was found on CT or MRI images.
Conclusions
A relationship exists between the condyle and fossa in ICR patients with stable treatment outcomes, as the AJS:SJS:PJS ratio was close to 1:1:1. This condyle-fossa relationship provides clinicians with an assessment criterion and may be an alternative treatment goal for patients with ICR.