Abstract: This paper defines tooth transposition and discusses its history, incidence and possible etiology. An interesting parallel is drawn between tooth transposition and other dental anomalies (number, size, shape and location of teeth). Treatment options are discussed in terms of the age at which the transposition is discovered, as well as in terms of severity and completeness of the anomaly. While a logical and relatively predictable treatment solution should normally be considered, in some selected cases it may be prudent to venture into more complex treatment solutions.

Abstract: A comprehensive cephalometric comparison between unselected Chinese and Caucasian 12-year-old male children in natural head posture finds the intracranial reference planes to slope down more caudally in the Chinese. By superimposing on true vertical, the degree of prognathism in the Chinese becomes apparent. Significant intergroup differences are highlighted for both selected dentoskeletal and soft tissue profile variables.

Abstract: Questions exist concerning the degree to which orthodontic treatment alters facial form. This study has attempted to discern changes in several measures of vertical facial form which might be influenced by varying vectors and amounts of extraoral force. The data were collected from pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 200 children treated consecutively with full edgewise orthodontic appliances. The sample was divided into three pretreatment groups based on the type of extraoral force delivered; cervical, “combi,” and no-headgear. All groups showed a wide range of variation in treatment response, but did not demonstrate significant differences. While the extraoral forces predictably improved horizontal maxillo-mandibular discrepancies, there was too much variation in response to predict vertical changes.

Abstract: Periodontally compromised adult patients may benefit from modified appliance designs for space closure. TMA T-loops of .016" x .022" and .017" x .025" cross sections, with angulations incorporated via concentrated bends and gradual curvature bends are presented. The force systems these appliances produce are measured, and their clinical performances discussed. Templates for these T-loops are presented. By producing lower forces and higher moment to force ratios, this type of T-loop may benefit patients with bony loss.

Abstract: In a cross-sectional study of midline diastemas in a South Indian (Madras) population, 9,774 patients aged 13-35 years were screened. True midline diastema was defined as one without periodontal/periapical involvement and with the presence of all anterior teeth in the arch. Sample purification resulted in a research sample of 166 patients with true midline diastemas. The incidence of true maxillary midline diastema (160/9774-1.6%) was greater than that of true mandibular midline diastemas (31/9774-0.3%). No direct etiologic factor for the midline diastemas was noted. Spacing in the anterior region was the most significant factor associated with the midline diastema.

Abstract: Occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation were examined in a sample of 40 patients at the end of active orthodontic treatment and again an average of 21 months later. An increase in the total number of contacts was due to more actual and near contacts on all posterior teeth and more near contacts on anterior teeth. When the results were compared to a previous short term study, continued settling of the occlusion occurred beyond an initial three months of retention. Few contacts changed their location between the occlusal inclined planes and central grooves, suggesting minimal settling of the occlusion in a buccolingual direction.

Abstract: In 1900, Edward H. Angle wrote that all teeth should be considered when classifying cases; in 1907, he emphasized using the maxillary first molars as reference teeth. Arguments are presented to illustrate the confusion in relying solely on Angle's system of classification. The criteria for a discrete versus a continuous variable is discussed.

Abstract: Recent studies show that forces applied to the mandible during treatment with functional appliances and other orthodontic therapies produce changes in the TMJ. Specific malocclusions might also apply forces that can produce changes in the morphology of the TMJ. This study examined 104 orthodontic patients (44 males and 60 females) prior to treatment. The size and location of the condyle was determined on submento-vertex and tomographic films which was related to clinical findings including age, sex, malocclusion type, facial type, TMJ symptoms, tooth eruption sequence, crossbites and midline discrepancies. The medio-lateral width of the condylar head correlated positively with the patients age (p less than 0.001) and sex (p less than 0.001). Also the antero-posterior widths of the condyle were correlated with age (p less than 0.05). The condylar size in males was found to be greater than in females. Midline discrepancy significantly altered the increase in condylar size during growth. Transversel anomalies had a markedly greater influence on condylar growth compared to other characteristics of occlusion. The major change in condylar size during growth occurred in medio-lateral dimension as compared to the antero-posterior. In addition, the medio-lateral width was affected by midline discrepancy but not the antero-posterior width.

Abstract: Fifty-six standardized lateral head radiographs of Kikuyu children, represented equally by sex and aged nine to 15 years, were evaluated to determine norms for six dentoskeletal angles. Th...

Abstract: Specimens dating back to the VIII Century B.C. indicate Etruscans may have been the first people to employ orthodontic bands to improve tooth alignment. A survey of dental occlusion in Etruscan cranial remains, however, shows very good typical occlusion and almost no crowding. Thus, these people do not represent the earliest development of epidemiologically high prevalence of malocclusion, a feature instead reserved for the later industrial world.

Abstract: Hemifacial microsomia is a congenital abnormality which results in progressive, three-dimensional facial asymmetry in the growing child Functional appliance therapy was instituted in an 11 year, 7 month old boy with hemifacial microsomia in order to determine if symmetry could be re-established by promoting masticatory muscle function on the affected side, thereby stimulating bone growth in the affected condyle over and above what would occur without any treatment intervention Removable functional appliance therapy, and later, unilateral Herbst appliance therapy, produced a dramatic change in the condylar growth on the affected side Herbst therapy has the advantage over a removable functional appliance in that patient acceptance is much greater Lack of patient compliance may be the primary cause of the variable results obtained with functional appliances in hemifacial microsomia cases as reported in the literature

Abstract: Analysis of deep bite and open bite subjects demonstrates differences in the timing of growth of various vertical facial dimensions.

Abstract: A sophisticated mathematical simulation is presented which allows for the consideration of large activations in orthodontic appliances and their effect upon the resulting force systems which are delivered to teeth. Effects of bracket/wire interaction are studied using this new tool. Previous studies of force systems from an ideal arch were redone with the new analysis in which the wire was either rigidly restrained or free to slide. The restraint of the wire produced large mesio-distal forces and increased the magnitude of the moments on each bracket. If the wire is free to slide, both large deflection and small deflection solutions give similar results. The relative force system M1/M2 fundamentally held true with large deflections and restraint; however, some differences were noted. The significance of allowing wire to slide in the bracket is discussed.

Abstract: A comparative cephalometric investigation was conducted between modern and ancient Greeks to determine craniofacial characteristics and to examine the significance of ethnic heritage. The modern sample was composed of 54 individuals chosen on the basis of ethnic background, normal occlusion and facial harmony. The ancient sample consisted of 40 skulls with normal occlusion dated back to the Minoan civilization (ca. 1,800-1,200 B.C.). A remarkable similarity in craniofacial morphology was revealed between the two groups, suggesting a close genetic affinity between modern and ancient Greeks. The ability of the craniofacial complex to make compensatory or balancing changes was noted. The craniofacial complex was seen to function as an integrated biological entity. Moreover, the cranial base showed a definite influence on skeletal profile configuration. These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of how craniofacial variables interact and contribute to the morphology of the dentofacial skeleton.

Abstract: Aligning, leveling, and anterior torque control of teeth from the onset of treatment is suggested with thermal ni-ti rectangular low stiffness wires. Before and after superimpositions show the degree that torque control was achieved on four clinical patients.

Abstract: In normal and Class I malocclusions, ramus and mandibular angles are found to correlate most strongly with cranial base dimensions rather than angles, whereas in Class II malocclusions these angles tend to relate more closely to the cranial base angles.

Abstract: The introduction of faster screen/film combinations allows a reduction in radiation dose but at the expense of film quality. This study investigated the accuracy of landmark location on cephalometric radiographs made using two screen/film combinations. No significant differences in reproducibility of landmark location were found. There was a 20 percent difference in the radiation dose between the two film types studied.

Abstract: The tracing error of the cephalometric reference point condylion was studied in two groups of children with the mean ages 11 and 13 years. Two lateral cephalograms of each subject were available. The first film had been taken according to the standard method with the teeth in habitual occlusion, and the other with the mouth open to maximum extent. The condylion was registered on all films on two occasions with an interval of one month. The distance condylion-prognathion (mandibular length) was also recorded. The tracing error was found to be significantly greater when the condylion was located on occlusion films as opposed to open mouth films. The greatest precision of an individual measurement of mandibular length was, therefore, achieved on open mouth films. For group means, however, there was no significant difference between occlusion and open mouth films.

Abstract: Cephalometric records of 60 fetuses were combined on a coordinate reference grid to measure the statistical spread of the outlines. When centroid instead of anatomical points were used for...

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether developmental interactions exist between the mesio-distal diameters of the first and second developing teeth in each of two morphologic tooth classes. The interactions were evaluated for the maxillary and mandibular incisors and premolars. Measurements were obtained on the dentitions of three contemporary samples from Iowa, Egypt and Northern Mexico. The findings from this study indicate that developmental interactions are present in the mesio-distal diameters between the first and second developing teeth within the two morphologic tooth classes evaluated, namely incisors and premolars. In other words, the mesiodistal diameter of the first developing tooth significantly influences the size of the second developing tooth within the same morphologic class.

Abstract: In order to categorize (classify) craniofacial forms, varying linear dimensional arrays from a series of pretreatment cephalographs ('A' records) were subjected to cluster analysis. The derived subgroups (clusters) not only showed inconsistencies in their component patients, but also their 'nearest neighbors', i.e. cases identified as being most similar to one another. This study, therefore, emphasized the need to devise more appropriate cephalometric appraisal techniques for patient categorization (diagnosis).

Abstract: The range of orientation of SN in relation to the craniofacial centroid line in a Class I sample with "acceptable" profiles is divided into three groups for comparison with facial dentoskeletal structures and evaluation of the adaptations among them. This manuscript was originally submitted September, 1986.

Abstract: With an increase in the number of adults currently seeking orthodontic care, the orthodontist will invariably be faced with the planning and execution of treatment for nongrowing patients with significant skeletal discrepancies. Surgical orthodontic treatment may be the preferred mechanical choice in many of the cases, but may not fit the patient's financial or emotional capabilities. It is often incumbent upon the orthodontist to present alternative treatment options along with the risks and benefits inherent in the dentoalveolar compensation of a malocclusion which is predominantly skeletal. Traditional concerns have been with periodontal and dentoalveolar stability, intermaxillary dental function and soft tissue facial aesthetics with more recent focus on the medical-legal implications of potentially altered temporomandibular joint function. Ultimately the decision to undertake an alternative treatment plan, postpone combination surgical/orthodontic treatment or opt for no treatment must lie with the well informed patient. The following case represents many of the considerations and comprises involved with the treatment of a nongrowing skeletal Class II problem.

Abstract: Rest position of the mandible and integumental change in a control group of Class I occlusions is compared and contrasted with a study group of Class II malocclusion and a study group of Class III malocclusion. Change from centric occlusion to rest position of the mandible was suggestive of simulated correction of the malocclusion and improved facial esthetics.

Abstract: The present paper describes the craniofacial form of subjects with maxillonasal dysplasia and reports its occurrence in two siblings who also have cleft palate and mandibular retrognathia....