Abstract: A comparison and evaluation of a range of basic anatomic relationships underlying facial form in Angle Class I and Class II dolichocephalic, brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dinaric types of headform. Interrelated composites of these structural factors and their contributions to different malocclusion tendencies are described.

Abstract: Serial data from cephalometric radiographs were analyzed for 34 boys and 33 girls who had cephalometric radiographs annually near each birthday from at least age 7 through 18 years. Spurts were defined for this study as increases between successive cranial base increments that exceeded 0.75mm/year in boys or 0.5mm/year in girls. The corresponding criterion for the mandible was 1.0mm/year in either sex. Pubescence was defined as the 4- year period spanning 2 years before and after peak height velocity. Spurts during pubescence were common, tending to occur about 1.6yr earlier in girls than boys. The mean increments at first pubertal spurt (FPS) and the mean sizes of FPS were about 25% to 33% greater in the boys than in the girls. The rate of growth during the year before FPS tended to be greater in the girls, while in the year after FPS it tended to be greater in the boys. The timing of FPS in either cranial base of mandible was not closely related to the onset of ossification in the ulnar sesamoid, the age at peak height velocity, or age at menarche. FPS generally occurred after the onset of ossification of the ulnar sesamoid, but before peak height velocity and menarche. There was no evidence of difference between craniofacial EPS in children who passed rapidly or slowly through pubescence, nor was any difference noted between the size of pubertal spurts in tall or short boys. larger total increments after peak height velocity were found in the short boys. Significant correlations were identified between the cranial base and the mandible in the timing but not in the magnitude of FPS. The children were approximately equally divided between those in whom cranial base spurts occurred first, those in whom mandibular spurts were first, and those in whom FPS occurred in both areas within the same annual interval.

Abstract: Posterior occlusal bite blocks of varying thicknesses inserted in seven juvenile and six adolescent monkeys resulted in changes in maxillary position and dental intrusion.

Abstract: Measurement of occlusal contacts on 12 orthodontically treated patients were measured by the photocclusion technique finds a mean increase of 56% in the number of contacts in the first year following treatment.

Abstract: Third molars, both upper and lower, do usually erupt into the place of electively removed second molars. None of the third molars in this study group became impacted during the observation period. Second molars in this study were removed before the roots had formed on the third molars. The bifurcation line appears to be a stable reference on the panoramic radiograph. It is the Author's conclusion that the extraction of permanent second molars is best for many patients, and when judiciously applied it is a reasonably safe and conservative modality in orthodontic care.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to measure and describe the physical properties of a recently-developed thermodynamic Nitinol alloy, type A-138, at intervals of temperature between room and body temperatures. The properties of stiffness, flexure yield strength and permanent deformation were measured, demonstrating that the working range of Nitinol A-138 is directly related to increases in temperature between 75 degrees F and 100 degrees F. As stiffness of the .017'' round A-138 Nitinol wire increases, the yield point decreases. In the loading cycle, yield points dropped from 36 degrees angular deflection at 75 degrees F to 25 degrees at 100 degrees F. In the unloading cycle, the yield point at 75 degrees F was 41 degrees of deflection, with force dropping to zero at 35 degrees; at 100 degrees F, yield point was only 12 degrees and force did not drop to zero until unloaded to 3 degrees angular deflection.

Abstract: A discussion of the patency of the maxillary-premaxillary suture and its possible value in orthopedic protraction of the premaxillary segment, illustrated by a case report.

Abstract: Statistical evaluations finding a tendency for early molar crowding to decrease, with forward molar movement and an increase in anterior crowding.

Abstract: A statistical comparison of treatment changes in twenty patients treated with a Frankel appliance and twenty treated with the Edgewise mechanism. Both groups showed similar improvements, with no significant differences in mandibular growth.

Abstract: Eleven cases followed from enucleation of the unerupted lower second molars through third molar eruption. While results were generally good, three presented third molar malpositions requiring further treatment.

Abstract: A mechanical model dentition is used in a laboratory study to relate incisor segment third-order activation to actual torque induced upon engagement of maxillary Edgewise arches. A portion of the sample of stainless-steel aches was subjected to stress-relief heat treatment. Torsional stiffness values are calculated, and the accompanying vertical displacement force on the incisor segment is evaluated. The results seem to warrant the following conclusions. Broad ranges of incisor segment torque magnitudes may be obtained from rectangular orthodontic wires and arch designs presently in common clinical use. Torsional behavior is associated with the elastic shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, which is essentially the same for all stainless and chrome-cobalt alloys. Vertical extrusive force is generated as a secondary effect directly related to the torsional stiffness and torque activation. Compensation is possible through archwire adjustments to cause the wire to lie above the bracket slots of the incisor segment before activation of lingual root torque. Stress relief of rectangular stainless steel arches following placement of V-bends, twists, or loops did not have a significant effect on force values. Further investigation, modeling other configurations such as labiolingual movements of the six maxillary anterior teeth to determine the torsional stiffnesses for commonly-used arches could be worthwhile. Similarly, the quantification of torsional stiffnesses of arches fabricated in rectangular nickel-titanium, titanium-molybdenum, and braided stainless-steel wires may be of value.

Abstract: Village-dwelling Punjabi youths show significantly better dental occlusion and less chronic respiratory allergy than their city-dwelling counterparts. Field diagnosis finds posterior crossbite the only occlusal condition correlated with mouth breathing in the samples studied.

Abstract: Thirteen patients with deciduous dentition and more than 3mm intercuspid arch length deficiency are expanded and followed, with controls, for 6 years. Arch perimeter and width at permanent cuspids and bicuspids appear to be slightly greater, and lower incisors are positioned somewhat more forward on the mandible.

Abstract: A serial study of changes in spacing between teeth during the period of facial maturation, finding tendencies toward closure of buccal spaces and opening of anterior spaces. Spacing in females is equally distributed between upper and lower arches; in males it is more prevalent in the upper arch.

Abstract: A statistical evaluation of relationships between orthodontic treatment of Class II, Division 2 malocclusion and mandibular growth and position, finding significant positive effects of treatment.

Abstract: Cases such as this are a real challenge to clinical orthodontists. They require patience as well as proper diagnosis and treatment planning. The orthodontist must also help the patient psychologically by treating the teeth and surrounding structures and by treating the patient as an individual. It is the feeling of both the Author and the Plastic surgeon in this case, Dr. Fernando Ortiz Monasterio, that this type of surgery would be successful in most non-pathological macroglossia cases. It appears that the sutured areas might be said to develop more dense epithelial tissue, not allowing the tongue to expand and readapt so readily to the position of the teeth in the mandibular arch. This is indicated in the present case, as is demonstrated by the decrease in width of the mandibular arch from the first molar area to the anterior part of the mouth. It should be noted that orthognathic surgery was not as widely used at the time that this patient was studied and treated as it is today. If this case had presented for the first time this year, it is likely that the treatment plan of most orthodontists would have combined orthognathic and tongue surgery, with orthodontics to lessen trauma to the supporting structures of the teeth from the extreme and complicated mechanics which would have to be used in treatment. The psychological aspects of this case were of tremendous importance; the treatment results have undoubtedly changed his life completely (Fig. 10). Once unable to speak clearly with his oversize tongue, he has since gone on to complete his education and is now a successful orthodontist.

Abstract: Matched controls are used to identify differences in facial morphology related to the severe crowding in patients treated with serial extraction or early extraction of bicuspids.

Abstract: Hemifacial microsomia involves unilateral underdevelopment of the ear, mandible and associated structures. This report describes an approach to early surgical restoration of function to improve growth, illustrated with a case report.

Abstract: Statistical association of crowding and spacing with age, sex, orthodontic treatment and extractions finds a tendency for more maxillary posterior spacing in males and more lower anterior spacing in females. Extractions were also associated with spacing. No association was found between spacing and orthodontic treatment.

Abstract: Uptake of a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical is correlated with growth changes in the rat mandible. Uptake was highest in newborn rats, decreasing with increasing age.

Abstract: Statistical comparison of arch width, length and palatal height with age, sex, orthodontic treatment and extractions finds little correlation except a tendency for larger dimensions in males, especially in palatal width, and differences related to postextraction drift.

Abstract: Evaluation of dental casts of 202 living Lengua Indians from Paraguay finds progressive reduction in overjet with age, but no Class III or indication of altered relationship of mandible to cranial base.

Abstract: By using a sample of 104 young people of both sexes, 17 of them with a good relation of tooth apical base and little or no incisor discrepancy, the authors tried to establish a possible relationship between the Wits appraisal and the I line and to examine the several correlations among selected groups. The authors find that the values obtained through the two methods together might give a rapid view of the cephalometric condition of the patient with regard to the relationship of the apical structures and discrepancy in the lower incisor relation to the maxillomandibular complex. Based on the findings, the following conclusions might be drawn: Nearly 16% of the sample had a good apical relation and little or no incisor discrepancy The majority of the male population was represented by individuals with a good relation of apical bases and negative discrepancy (dental protrusion) The majority of the female sample was represented by patients with deficient apical relation (slight mandibular protrusion) and negative incisor discrepancy (dental protrusion). The simultaneous usage of Wits appraisal and I line evaluation can offer a simple way to get an objective and rapid vision of the maxillomandibular relation and the incisor discrepancy. But only a meticulous complete clinical and cephalometric examination can establish the critical elements that compose a diagnosis, considering the aetiopathogenesis of the anomalies of the patient and the related data, to proceed with the execution of the correct therapy to be applied in orthodontic treatment.

Abstract: An investigation of the vasculature of the mandible and its relationships with growth, development, and postsurgical remodeling.

Abstract: A statistical evaluation of dentoalveolar relationships in a cross-section of young Finnish adults, finding little relationship between occlusal anomalies and dimensions of the alveolar arches.

Abstract: This epidemiologic study deals with the incidence of spaced dentition in 1279 students between the ages of 12 and 18 years. The sample includes only those with a full complement of permanent teeth (third molars were not considered) and with no apparent etiological conditions that might lead to disruption of dental arch continuity. The sample was evenly divided by age and sex. Frequency of spaced dentition was high, occurring in 51.8% of males and in 45.5% of females. Prevalence was less in higher age groups, and the sexual dimorphism that was significant in the 14 YR-16 YR group was not found in the 16 YR-18 YR group. The mean number of spaces per subject was 6 +/- 4.3 for males and 5 +/- 3.7 for females, again displaying diminishing incidence with age and a concomitant absence of the sexual dimorphism in the highest age group. Spaces were found in both arches in 49.5% of the spaced dentitions, and in only the maxillary arch in 34.3%. Incidence of spacing in the mandibular arch alone was only 16.2%. In most subjects the spaces were distributed equally between the two quadrants of each arch. The most common sites and largest space widths in either dental arch were found between cuspids and the first bicuspids and between cuspids and lateral incisors.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine associations between facial morphology and malocclusion, and to test for sexual dimorphism in such relationships. The sample of 500 subjects is studied by roentgenographic cephalometry, using the Facial Height Ratio (FHR) of Jarabak as the mensurational approach to describe craniofacial morphology. Significant findings are: Neutral pattern is dominant in Class I and Class II1 malocclusions. Hypodivergent pattern is dominant in Class II2 and Class III malocclusions. The majority of females demonstrate a neutral pattern, whereas the majority of males demonstrate a hypodivergent pattern. Sexual dimorphism in pattern is greatest in Class II1 and Class III. Males show a greater tendency toward prognathism, while females tend toward orthognathism and retrognathism. Mean values of all linear measurements in males are larger than in females. Relatively strong correlations are found between facial height ratio and ramus height, gonial angle, lower gonial angle, mandibular plane angle, occlusal/mandibular plane angle, palatal/mandibular plane angle, Frankfurt/mandibular plane angle, S-N-B, Y-axis angle, and the sum of the saddle + articular + gonial angles.