Abstract: Make more knowledge even in less time every day. You may not always spend your time and money to go abroad and get the experience and knowledge by yourself. Reading is a good alternative to do in getting this desirable knowledge and experience. You may gain many things from experiencing directly, but of course it will spend much money. So here, by reading the problem child at home, you can take more advantages with limited budget.

Abstract: In reviewing the literature on trichinosis, one finds that Teidemann, a German, in 1821, was the first to notice small bodies in the muscle; Peacock, an Englishman, in 1828, prepared the first specimen of Trichinella , which is still in Guy's Museum in London; Hilton, in 1832, was the first to suggest the parasitic origin of the disease, and Wormald, another Englishman, following Hilton's theory, supplied Owen with specimens containing the parasite from the anatomic laboratories. Owen and Paget, in 1835, were the first to discover the embryo; Herbst first transmitted the parasite by experiment. Virchow succeeded in isolating the adults; Leukhart first gave the life history of the parasite, and Zenker, in 1860, was the first to discover the disease-producing qualities of the parasites in a woman, aged 21, who was examined at autopsy. He found myriads of the parasites in the mucus of the gastro-intestinal tract. T. R. Brown

Abstract: BOUT four years ago it occurred to me that, although from the questions asked by the students nursing patients on the medical wards, I had a vague idea of the problems which they were encountering, I had no tangible record of those problems. I thought if I had such a record I might know better what student nurses needed in a course in medical nursing. To get a record of the problems in nursing various medical diseases I inserted the following question in the case report outline: What difficulties did you encounter in nursing this patient? As there were only a few reports coming in each year they have been saved, and this year an advanced student in medical nursing tabulated the problems. The reports were first divided, according to diagnosis, into studies in circulatory diseases; in respiratory diseases; in diabetes; in Basedow's disease; in gastrointestinal disease; and in nervous diseases. The problems were taken from the reports and under each disease they were classified into nursing problems and personality problems. Both of these classifications are more or less arbitrary. If the patient had more than one disease, the report was classified under the disease being treated. The classification into nursing and personality problems was even more difficult as personality lies at the bottom of so many nursing problems. There may be a wide difference of opinion as to where certain problems are to be placed. For instance, language difficulty has been included as a nursing problem in cases where sign language is inadequate in giving necessary instructions to the patient, but in reality the problem of dealing with a person who does not speak English, is a personality problem. These problems represent only those of bedside care for the patient, and do not include any problems due to inadequate supplies on the ward, inconveniences of nursing in an old hospital, or any problems of ward management. All the reports have been made by young student nurses doing bedside care of medical patients. They probably do not include all of the problems of bedside nursing, as the number of cases is small and it may' be that the nurse has not recognized all the problems she encountered. The cases are

Abstract: HE question of whether a library is of value in a hospital or not is no longer a debatable one. Every hospital maintaining a library, or having some kind of library service, quite freely admits that such an activity is not only a benefit to the patients, but to all connected with the institution. The American public has become a reading people, and the invalids need books just as much, if not more, than the well members of society. In the present age, books have become a necessity in the lives of almost every one. In hospitals caring for nervous and mental patients, well-established libraries have proved themselves to be valuable therapeutic agents. The idea behind all activities carried on in a mental hospital is to keep the patients occupied and give them normal, healthful recreation. The modern hospital aims to give its patients as normal a day by day existence as possible, and in such a scheme the library has a very definite place. The read-ing of books is a universal occupation or pastime and, for people confined in a restricted environment for long periods of time, a real necessity. There are many hours during the day when books fill in the gaps which otherwise would be long and deadly. A hospital with an average of one hundred and seventy-five patients per day ought to have a resident librarian. It takes the full time of one person to keep the collection alive, select new books, and make the contacts necessary in order to interest the patients in reading. The librarian must know, and be known to all the patients in the hospital. Daily visits should be made to the admission wards. There the new patients are met and are acquainted with the fact that the hospital has a library. Very often a book or magazine to read during the first hard and restless hours in a hospital will help to make the patient more comfortable. Interest in the reading of books can be stimulated directly and indirectly. The direct methods are having your library open as much of the time as possible, and constant visits to the wards. Patients should be encouraged to visit the library and select their own books. This is something they can do on their own initiative, which is not true of other activities. The library is the least institutionalized spot in the hospital, and half an hour spent in looking over the books and magazines, at will, gives the patients a sense of freedom they appreciate and by which they benefit. Often just the sight of books is enough to create a desire for something to read. Patients should be allowed to take anything they want from the library an keep books as long as they wish. In the library they should always find some one ready and able to help them, if necessary. Ward visiting is most important. There you can talk with each patient, individually, and try to find out what might interest him. Your approach to the patient should be friendly and natural. These people are out of tune with the world and, although at times they may not show it, they do appreciate thoughtful attention. If they want to talk about themselves and their troubles, be a qu et listener. You will often gather information and establish a friendly relation, in this way, that will be of great value to you in getting the patient to read. The patients can be divided into two main groups, the

Abstract: T HE National League of Nursing Education, the oldest organization of all assembled here, is concerned primarily with the great problem of the education of nurses, in the preparation of women first of all in the knowledges, skills, technics and qualities needed by everyone who is to give good nursing care and secondly in the further preparation required by those who would enter special forms of nursing service which require special technics and special knowledges. We are interested in the development of the nurse in service, in making possible for her the advantages of higher education, we are interested in research and we are interested in the field into which our young graduates enter. Our object is to determine and to make possible the best education for the workers. We know if we are to do this we must know the field. We must acknowledge that the sole interest of a school of nursing must be the education of its students. It is here that we are sometimes misinterpreted, for our schools are so closely tied to our hospitals, our students are so needed by the hospitals for the care

Abstract: “The Lord giveth the Word: The women that publish the tidings are a great lost.”

Abstract: Objective: Helper T cells 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg), as CD4+T lymphocyte subsets, play an important role in the process of atherosclerosis. However, there are few studies on the regulation and efficacy of atorvastatin combined with amlodipine on Th17/Treg balance in hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerosis. Therefore, this study aims to verify the efficacy and immunomodulatory effects of atorvastatin combined with amlodipine in the treatment of hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 260 patients with hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis were randomly divided into atorvastatin or combined treatment group. Inflammatory factors and Th17 and Treg levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma and forkhead spiral transcription factor were detected by real-time quantitative polymerse chain reaction. Results: We found that the total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The levels of whole blood high shear viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, plasma specific viscosity and fibrin content in the 2 groups were significantly decreased after treatment, and the combined group was significantly lower than the control group (all P < .05). The improvement of endothelial function in the treatment group was also significantly higher than that in the control group (all P < .05). In addition, we found that there were statistically significant differences in Th17 percentage, Treg percentage and Treg/Th17 between the treatment group and the control group ( P < .05). The messenger ribonucleic acid levels of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma and forkhead spiral transcription factor showed the same trend. Further detection of Th17-related inflammatory factors showed that the expression of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor- α in the treatment group was significantly decreased, which was better than that in the control group (all P < .05). Conclusion: These data indicate that amlodipine combined with atorvastatin can improve Th17/Treg imbalance, vascular endothelial function and efficacy in patients with hypertension and atherosclerosis. Abbreviations: Fh = fibrin content, Foxp3 = forkhead spiral transcription factor, H 2 S = hydrogen sulfide, IL = interleukin, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, mRNA = messenger ribonucleic acid, Nbh = whole blood high shear viscosity, Nbl = whole blood low shear viscosity, NO = nitric oxide, Np = plasma specific viscosity, PCR = polymerse chain reaction, ROR- γ t = retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma, Th17 = helper T cells 17, TNF = tumor necrosis factor, Treg = regulatory T cells.

Abstract: T HE aim of adequate maternity care is to secure for every pregnant mother the minimum of mental and physical discomfort throughout pregnancy, the maximum of mental and physical fitness at its termination, with'a well baby and the knowledge whereby to care for her baby. Theoretically, every nurse should know obstetrical nursing when she leaves the school of nursing; unfortunately few do. Most student nurses see the maternity patient for the first time when she comes to the hospital in labor, care for her from ten to fourteen days, and do not see her again after she leaves the hospital. Every pregnant mother needs care for at least ten months. The nurse gets very little idea of the need for continuous supervision over this ten-month period of prenatal and later care when her contact with maternity patients covers a period of two weeks or less. This means that nurses may know deliveryroom technic, nursery routine and postpartum bedside care, but practically nothing about care and supervision during pregnancy or the days that follow after the mother leaves the hospital. The nurse in a properly organized and administered general hospital