TL;DR: Understanding the elusive role of estrogen in BPH, in addition to the established role of androgens, would enhance the current therapeutic options and perhaps lead to the development of new therapies.

TL;DR: A clinical grading system considering the increased anatomical, pathological or clinical complexities has been proposed and provided two categories; simple and complex abdominoscrotal hydroceles with further sub-classes.

TL;DR: The experiment failed to demonstrate a significant effect of the tested plant extracts to dissolve three types of kidney stones in vitro, but it was observed that only the extract of the seeds of T. foenum-graecum has a better effect on dissolution of cystine and carbapatite stones probably resulting from formation of complexes between stones and polyphenols or flavonoids present in the extracts.

TL;DR: An unusual case of bilateral thrombosis of the pampiniform plexus occurred in a 39 year-old male and Anatomical factors are probably responsible for almost exclusive involvement of the left side.

TL;DR: Assessment of the prevalence of kidney stone disease among patients admitted to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and the characteristics of stones, sociodemographic, and comorbid conditions determined to determine kidney stone formation pattern in the Malaysian population.

TL;DR: Immediate surgical repair has the best prognosis and should remain the recommended treatmentmodality of penile fracture.

TL;DR: Pyeloplasty provides high rates of functional success even in very poorly functioning kidneys with SRF ≤10% by DTPA renogram in pediatric age group.

TL;DR: Serum microRNA-141 could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer and a good indicative of disease aggressiveness.

TL;DR: Most of children with undescended testes are still being presented late for surgical correction, with its attendant adverse consequences on fertility, and non examination of the newborn by clinicians, inadequate parental health education and delayed or neglected referral are the major responsible factors.

TL;DR: Low PMI levels might be an important parameter for a worse FG prognosis, as high UFGSI scores and low Mg levels could be associated with a worse prognosis in patients with FG.

TL;DR: The IPP correlates significantly with IPSS, Qmax and PVR, therefore, it is a valuable parameter – for evaluation of patients with BOO due to BPE.

TL;DR: A primary prevention for modifiable risk factors, such as postpartum pelvic floor physiotherapy and hypertension control, should be advised to women in order to optimize their quality of life.

TL;DR: The present data shows relevance and strong significant decrease in the level of MMP-2, M MP-9, and VEGF after surgery, so they could use as biomarkers in early disease diagnosis and also in monitoring disease recurrence.

TL;DR: La chirurgie ouverte pour adenome de the prostate est la plus pratiquee dans notre contree, mai emailles de quelques rares complications.

TL;DR: The assumption that VEGF and CD34 expression level might have an important role in the prediction of prostate cancer as it was significantly differed with BPH may be supported.

TL;DR: An independent, unbiased, national evaluation and treatment guideline based on the pathophysiological subcategory is proposed using an updated, evidence based approach.

TL;DR: In a resource-constrained environment, a child with initial creatinine value of less than 102 μmol/L may be classified as unlikely to develop ESRD and a nadir creat inine greater than 89 μmol/l may increase the probability of developing ESRd.

TL;DR: After treatment of the primary tumor, modified inguINAL lymphadenectomy appears to be a safe method of cure and staging for patients with clinically impalpable inguinal lymph nodes.

TL;DR: The burden of testicular torsion found in the studied tropical sub-Saharan community is comparable to other regions of the world and seasonal variation in incidence does occur with a significant increase in cases during the cold season.

TL;DR: BCC should be considered in the elderly with chronic skin lesions at the genitalia despite the tumour’s large size and prolonged duration, and multiple factors contribute to delayed presentation.

TL;DR: This Arabic version of BCI questionnaire will enable researchers from Arab countries to use a measurement tool validated and recognized internationally to assess QOL in patients with BC.

TL;DR: This is the first long term study using the TV substitution urethroplasty technique with encouraging results and the researchers propose that it is considered as an additional option by reconstructive genitourinary surgeons.

TL;DR: Guy’s scoring system (GSS) has a positive correlation with SFR, re-treatment rate, need for auxiliary procedure, and rate of complication and is a predictor for different items of outcome.

TL;DR: The results of this study have shown that increased size and complexity of stones is associated with increased number of punctures needed to achieve stone clearance, and the aggressive approach to complex renal calculi using multiple tracts PCNL is a safe and effective modality in management of complex renal Calculi with acceptable complications.

TL;DR: A patient with a duplex collecting system presenting with a renal calculus is described, who underwent percutaneous puncture of the stone containing moiety, followed by antegrade stent insertion for guidewire- assisted passage of a ureteroscope into the duplex collection system, where the calculi were identified and fragmented.

TL;DR: Power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) increase the cancer detection rate diagnosis, PDUS combination with Gray Scale TRUS-guided biopsy increases the reliability of the diagnosis of cancer prostate.

TL;DR: It was observed that the stone free rate in ESWL group was higher when the stone size was ≤10 mm and when the duration of symptoms was longer, which shows that ESWWL is an important modality in treating upper ureteric calculi ≤2 cm in size.

TL;DR: Obtaining consecutive semen samples leads to improvements in the quality of many semen parameters (sperm concentration, motility and morphology) which may be of special importance for management of infertile couples especially those attempting assisted reproductive techniques.

TL;DR: Finasteride therapy for 6 weeks before TURP reduced intraoperative blood loss and statistically improved quality of life in the early postoperative period, however, larger number of patients and longer duration of follow up is recommended to confirm its clinical significance.