Abstract: La importancia de la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) radica en el involucramiento y el compromiso de la empresa hacia los diferentes grupos de interes que interactuan. Algunos grupos son afectados a causa de las actividades operacionales de las organizaciones, generando impactos en dimensiones sociales, economicas y ambientales. El enfoque central de la investigacion es la determinacion de la incidencia de la RSE en los patrones de vida de los grupos que intervienen en la cadena de valor ecuatoriana. En adelante estos son llamados stakeholders. Se precisa como antesala, los hechos y precedentes que marcaron la evolucion y participacion del modelo de negocio en los diferentes paises de Latinoamerica. Sobre esta base, se realiza una revision conceptual de la responsabilidad social en las empresas, la ISO 26000 y la posicion de los stakeholders. El estudio se fundamenta en un analisis comparativo de paises como: Chile, Colombia y Ecuador; identificando similitudes de su entorno, particularidades, fortalezas y debilidades en materia de RSE.

Abstract: Use of petroleum-based over the counter remedies such as Vicks VapoRub to alleviate symptoms of rhinitis is common and can be effective, but carries under-appreciated risks of adverse side effects. In this case report we highlight Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia (ELP), an uncommon condition that results from accumulation of exogenous lipids in the alveoli, as an adverse side effect of long-term Vicks VapoRub use. We present the case of an 85-year-old female patient with ELP apparently due to continuous application of Vicks VapoRub® to her nostrils to alleviate chronic rhinitis. She was diagnosed incidentally via chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) scan done as follow up to finding elevated C-reactive Protein during a routine exam. The CT scan revealed a pulmonary consolidation in the lower lobe of the right lung with fat density combined with low density areas associated with focal ground-glass opacities. The patient was advised to discontinue use of petroleum-based products, and was prescribed intranasal corticosteroids for her rhinitis. Follow up 2 years later showed that the lipid consolidation had diminished in size by approximately 10 %. Physicians must be aware that ELP can develop as a result of long-term application of petroleum-based oils and ointments to the nose and discourage such use of these products. Patients who have used petroleum-based products in this way should be screened for ELP. CT scan is the best imaging modality for establishing the diagnosis. The treatment of this condition is not well defined, but, as shown in this case, the size of the lipid mass can decrease after use of petroleum based substances is discontinued.

Abstract: El objetivo principal de este articulo consiste en realizar una revision teorica sobre los obstaculos que enfrenta la micro, pequena y mediana empresa (MIPYME) en America Latina. Para el desarrollo del presente trabajo se adopta una metodologia cualitativa tomando como herramienta el analisis del discurso mediante una revision de diferentes fuentes literarias que incluyen tanto articulos cientificos como libros. De acuerdo a la evidencia presentada, encontramos que los principales obstaculos son: el acceso al financiamiento, la falta de recursos humanos especializados y el acceso a la tecnologia. Asimismo, las soluciones de los obstaculos previamente mencionados se basan en: (i) optar por microcreditos y crowdfunding; (ii) obtener asistencias y capacitaciones, y buscar profesionales en plataformas online de cooperacion; finalmente, (iii) establecer alianzas estrategicas con universidades, centros tecnologicos y otras empresas del sector de forma que existan transferencias de recursos tangibles e intangibles.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate and compare how Latin American physicians rate themselves on the use of communication strategies in the management of asthma patients, and to explore their personal experience and opinions on asthma treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of physicians attending international medical conferences in Latin America was conducted. Participants rated themselves on frequency of use of 24 communication strategies using a 5-point Likert scale. For statistical analysis, self-rating responses were divided into two classes: very likely to (always or often on a Likert scale) and not very likely to (sometimes, seldom or never on a Likert scale). Participants also answered 4 multiple choice questions about management of asthma patients. Overall responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate self-ratings by country, gender, practice area (GP or specialist) and age. Results: A total of 304 phys...

Abstract: This article is the result of a research that analyzes the most important artistic proposals of Visual Arts in Ecuador, since the second half of the twentieth century to the present. Through literature review and data collection held in the city of Guayaquil, we could determine their influence and impact on the circuit of contemporary art. The instruments used for data collection were depth interviews that were done to experts in the field. Like surveys of attendees at different artistic events (exhibitions, permanent exhibitions, seminars), allowed to establish the social interests of those proposals. The methodology was mixed approach, quantitative and qualitative data were used.

Abstract: The case study illustrates not only the policy dilemma faced by Barrera (mayor of Quito) but also expounds on his decisions favoring Metro over Rapid Train Light Rail System (TRAQ) and the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT). While Barrera considers TRAQ and BRT as temporary patches to the permanent problem of Quito public transit, in order to understand and justify the mayor's decision, the "Metro de Quito: Better or Bitter?" analysis employs the concepts of Public Administration (including efficiency and public-service efficiency and the new public management, rational choice and public choice, public authority and bureaucracy, blame-avoidance and conflict of interest etc.) Making 'quality transit' as a campaign promise and then living up to the promise; this reflects the way Barrera enshrines the public amid other stakeholders such as council members, the city officials and investors. Finally, now that metro is actually in the second phase of construction, the analysis suggests mitigation planning, financing schemes, historic heritage protection, transparency unit and building of in-house capacity to ensure long-term maintenance of the huge infrastructure. Importantly, to make Metro de Quito "better", the way to go is to forget the "bitter" past.CITACION: Salar Khan, M. (2016). Metro de Quito: Better or Bitter? Analysis of “Getting Around Quito.” Podium, 29, 95–105. doi:10.31095/podium.2016.29.6ENLACE DOI: https://doi.org/10.31095/podium.2016.29.6

Abstract: El uso de rubricas es una de las soluciones contemporaneas al uso de tecnologias para la evaluacion del aprendizaje. El presente trabajo aborda la relacion entre las definiciones, conceptos claves, y autores relevantes en temas de evaluacion del aprendizaje, y sus vinculos con las rubricas. Se describen las caracteristicas de las rubricas como herramientas auxiliares para lograr un control pormenorizado de los objetivos de aprendizaje, asi como para disponer de herramientas de rapida retroalimentacion del docente a los estudiantes.

Abstract: Introduction: Mobile broadband in Latin-America is first choice for Internet access, and mobile app users will overtake stationary web users. Optimization of communication and support of patients are a key component in COPD care. Health care consumers are using social media (SoMe) and apps to obtain health information on the Internet and to self-manage their disease. Aim: To determine the preference of SoMe use among COPD patients in Latinamerica. Methods: Observational, cross sectional, multi-centric study. We used a back-translated Michigan survey in COPD population. All patients had COPD diagnosis assessed by pulmonologist. Results: 88 patients were enrolled, with mean age of 71.13 years old (SD, 11.5) and 6.1 years (SD, 5.8) with COPD diagnosis. 67.8% were hispanics, and most of patients reported administration of LABA and SABA. 55.2% reported using of SMS, 49.4% using email, and 42.5% using Facebook at least once a week. 28.3% preferred using internet for getting information about COPD, followed by email (10.5%). 56.3% reported interest in receiving information about their disease by SMS, 43.7% by Facebook, and 51.7% by email. 54% reported interest in asking to doctors by SMS, 47.1% by email, and 40.2% by Facebook. About WhatsApp, 74.0% reported being interested in receiving information and asking to doctors thorough it. Conclusions: In our study, Email, SMS and Facebook had been reported to be the most used SoMe. SMS was reported as a interesting sources of information among COPD patients, as well as email. As a result Social Media, may be considered as a tool for educational purposes in patients with COPD. Facebook would be a useful instrument in a subset of patients.

Abstract: Introduction: Differenciated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) stand for 80% of malignant disease of the thyroid gland. DTC generally has a good prognosis and benign course. Several studies concluded that specific patient risk factors and tumor type determine their clinical course. The aim of the study was to define global survival and identify risk factors. Methods: We performed a descriptive and retrospective analysis of DTC patients who were surgically treated at the Head and Neck Surgery Service at Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital from 1980 to 2010. Demographic variables, tumor related variables and type of tumor were recorded. Kaplan Meier survival curves and long Rank test were obtained. Cox model was used to assess prognostic factors. Results: Of 353 DTC treated patients, the 5-year overall survival rate for follicular type was 65.4% and for papillary type 90.1%. A 10-year overall survival rate for follicular type was 41.5% and for papillary tipe 76.9 %. Finally, a 15-year overall survival rate for follicular type was 33.2 % and for papillary type 66.5%. Univariate analysis showed that factors like age (p 0,002), ETE ( p 0,001) and histological lymph node invasion (p 0,002) were significant. Discusion: Variables like age, ETE and histological lymph node invasion were found to be significant prognostic survival factors in DTC patients.

Abstract: Las lesiones iatrogenicas de las vias biliares son un acontecimiento poco frecuente dentro del acto quirurgico, pero cuando esta se presenta tiene graves consecuencias en la salud del paciente, a quien generalmente se le realiza una intervencion de tipo electiva cuando aun no tiene sintomatologia, sin esperar formar parte de una estadistica llena de repercusiones medicas, costos, controversias legales, y de limitaciones organico laborales. Se presento el caso en un paciente del sexo masculino de 56 anos de edad, el cual tuvo que ser transferido al Hospital Regional del IESS Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, tras realizarse una colecistectomia convencional en la que sufrio iatrogenia de vias biliares, con todas las complicaciones que esto conlleva, por lo que permanecio ingresado en la mencionado hospital, debiendo ser reintervenido por dos ocasiones a fin de conseguir la reconstruccion biliodigestiva necesaria para obtener un resultado curativo o al menos disminuir el impacto de la sintomatologia.

Abstract: INTRODUCCION: El aneurisma de arteria mesenterica superior (AAMS) es una pato­logia vascular poco frecuente, se presenta en el 5.5% de todos los casos en arterias viscerales con una incidencia de 0.1 a 2%. La mayoria cursan su patologia de forma asintomatica. CASO CLINICO: Paciente masculino de 41 anos, que presenta dolor abdominal tipo opresivo de moderada intensidad, localizado en epigastrio con irradiacion a mesogas­trio, saciedad precoz, nauseas y distension abdominal; se realizo ecografia abdominal con reporte de masa a nivel de mesogastrio compatible con aneurisma de tronco celia­co, es referido al hospital “Luis Vernaza”, donde se realizo Angiotomografia de aorta abdominal que reporta dilatacion aneurismatica de AMS. EVOLUCION: El paciente fue valorado por el servicio de Cirugia Vascular que refiere necesidad de cirugia endovascular. Bajo anestesia general y con tecnica endovascular a traves de puncion percutanea de arterias femorales derecha e izquierda, se colocaron dispositivos endovasculares Viabahn® bajo vision fluoroscopica; en angiografia de con­trol se determina permeabilidad de AMS. La evolucion posoperatoria fue satisfactoria, recibio el alta medica para control por consulta externa a la que acudio sin molestias. CONCLUSION: Los AAV son patologias vasculares poco frecuentes, el tratamiento a tra­ves de metodos endovasculares constituye una terapeutica segura y eficaz, con menor porcentaje de morbilidad y mortalidad. *DESCRIPTORES DeCS: ARTERIA MESENTERICA SUPERIOR, ANEURISMA, PROCEDI­MIENTOS ENDOVASCULARES.

Abstract: El presente trabajo realiza un analisis bibliografico exploratorio del tipo de ataque Timing Attack (TA) de On The Side Channel Attack (SCA) en RSA. Para lo cual, se analizaron los activos de informacion, los modos de operacion y las contramedidas efectuadas de 22 articulos. Los resultados evidencian que el activo de informacion que mas ataques tuvo son las tarjetas inteligentes (32%), la contramedida mayormente aplicada es el cegamiento (33%) y los modos de operacion mas utilizados son el Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) o Montgomery Multiplication (MM) con CRT (41%). Adicionalmente se evidencia que solo un ataque fue realizado a los sistemas de telecomunicaciones, lo cual permite plantear trabajos futuros en el analisis de la misma tecnica con base en las tecnologias WiMAX y el protocolo SIP de VoIP.

Abstract: Accessory spleens and splenosis represent the congenital and acquired type of ectopic splenic tissue. Generally, they are asymptomatic entities posing as solid hypervascular masses at the splenic hilum or in other organs, such as the pancreas. Intrapancreatic ectopic spleen mimics pancreatic neoplasms on imaging studies, and due to the lack of radiological diagnostic criteria, patients undergo unnecessary distal pancreatectomy. We present the first case of intrapancreatic ectopic spleen in which the concomitant use of needle-based probe confocal laser endomicroscopy and fine-needle aspiration supported the final diagnosis.

Abstract: This article approaches the subject of affection by teachers within the classroom in Argentine, Colombia and Ecuador, from a bibliographic review. The purpose is to contribute in the conceptual definition of the problem, from a Latin American perspective. During the las decades, teachers and psychologists have expressed from their various postulates, the value of affection as a primary requirement in teaching – learning process, and the importance of keeping excellent personal relationships between teachers and students. These perspectives include some criterions that characterize the concept of affection such as motivation, interpersonal intelligence and sensibility in affection that should be taught from the cathedra, in such a manner that the students´ self concept may be encouraged, and overcome low self esteem attitudes, guilt, coercion and authoritarianism at the classroom.

Abstract: Background and Purpose— We hypothesized that concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), serum amyloid A, tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1, CD40 ligand, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 would predict recurrent ischemic stroke and major vascular events after recent lacunar stroke. Methods— Levels of Inflammatory Markers in the Treatment of Stroke (LIMITS) was an international, multicenter, prospective ancillary biomarker study nested within the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) study, a Phase III trial in patients with recent lacunar stroke. Crude and Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for recurrence risks. Results— Among 1244 patients with lacunar stroke (mean age, 63.3±10.8 years), there were 115 major vascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death). The risk of major vascular events increased with elevated concentrations of both tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 (adjusted HR per SD, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05–1.41; P =0.01) and IL-6 (adjusted HR per SD, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02–1.19; P =0.008). Compared with the bottom quartile (tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 3.63 ng/L) were at twice the risk of major vascular events after adjusting for demographics (partially adjusted HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.11–3.52), though the effect attenuated after adjusting for other risk factors and statin use (adjusted HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 0.93–3.04). Serum amyloid A, CD40 ligand, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were not associated with prognosis. Conclusions— Among recent lacunar stroke patients, IL-6 and TNF receptor concentrations predict risk of recurrent vascular events, and they are associated with the effect of antiplatelet therapies. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00059306.

Abstract: Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered a necessary causative agent for developing oropharyngeal, anal and cervical cancer Among women in Ecuadorian population, cervical cancer ranks as the second most common gynecological cancer Not many studies about HPV burden have been published in Ecuador, and genotypes distribution has not been established yet The little data available suggest the presence of other genotypes different than 16 and 18 Objectives: In the present study, we attempt to estimate the prevalence of HPV 16, HPV 18 and other 35 genotypes among Ecuadorian women undergoing cervical cancer screening The overall prevalence of HPV infection was also estimated Methods: Routine cervical samples were analyzed using Linear Array(r) HPV Genotyping test (Roche) Results: A total of 1,581 cervical samples obtained from Ecuadorian women undergoing cervical cancer screening were included in this study HPV DNA was detected in 689 cervical samples (4358%) Of these samples, 604 (3820%) were positive for a single HPV genotype, while another 85 (537%) samples were positive for multiple HPV types Genotype 16 (550%) resulted in the most frequently detected type in both single and multiple infections HPV 33 (455%) and HPV 11 (380%) occupied the second and the third place in frequency among all detected genotypes Conclusions: Viral genotypes different from HPV 16 and HPV 18 are frequently detected among Ecuadorian women The overall prevalence of HPV resulted higher than the one reported in other South American countries with a greater burden in the second and third decades of life