Showing papers by "Transitional Learning Center published in 2007"
TL;DR: There is a high prevalence of sleep disorders and of excessive daytime sleepiness in subjects with TBI and there is a clinical indication for NPSG and MSLT.
Abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Determine prevalence and consequences of sleepiness and sleep disorders after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: Prospective evaluation with polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and neuropsychological testing including Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ). SETTING: Three academic medical centers with level I trauma centers, accredited sleep disorders centers, and rehabilitative medicine programs. Participants; Eighty-seven (87) adults at least 3 months post TBI. Measurements And Results: Abnormal sleep studies were found in 40 subjects (46%), including 20 (23%) with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 10 (11%) with posttraumatic hypersomnia (PTH), 5 (6%) with narcolepsy, and 6 (7%) with periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). Among all subjects, 22 (25%) were found to have objective excessive daytime sleepiness with MSLT score or =30, p Language: en
328 citations
TL;DR: OSA is associated with more impairment of sustained attention and memory in TBI patients and it is possible that early identification and treatment of OSA may improve cognitive, and thus potentially functional, outcomes of TBI Patients with this disease.
130 citations
TL;DR: Performance on cognitive tasks assessing verbal fluency, working memory, and verbal abstraction and also on a self-report measure of executive dysfunction was shown to significantly predict increasing levels of apathy.
Abstract: ObjectiveThe prevalence of apathy was assessed across select cognitive and psychiatric variables in 32 nondemented patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and 29 demographically matched healthy control participants.BackgroundApathy is common in PD, although differentiating apathy from motor, cognitive,
109 citations
TL;DR: The WCST factor scales are related to functional outcomes in severe TBI, and the inability to establish a series of correct responses is associated with poorer outcome.
Abstract: Primary objective: The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) has been demonstrated to have a relatively stable factor structure in traumatic brain injury (TBI) samples. What is less clear is whether the scores derived from WCST factors are related to functional outcomes. The purpose of the current study was to replicate the WCST factor structure in a sample with severe TBI, and to evaluate the relationship between the factor scores and outcome.Research design: Retrospective correlational study.Methods and procedures: Participants (n = 143) who had suffered severe TBI were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests including the WCST within one month of admission to a brain injury rehabilitation program. In addition, participants were administered supervision (Supervision Rating Scale; SRS) and productivity measures (Community Integration Questionnaire- Productivity subscale; CIQ-P) at admission and following discharge.Experimental intervention: None.Main outcomes and results: For individuals who were...
20 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that high-anxious but not low anxious participants showed potentiated startle responses during unpleasant compared to pleasant pictures, and exploratory analyses suggested that the valence effect was restricted to trait anxious individuals tending toward a defensive coping style.
Abstract: Anxious individuals selectively attend to threatening information, and defensiveness may influence the experience and expression of anxiety. Fifty-eight undergraduates scoring high and low on measures of anxiety and defensiveness viewed pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures. Acoustic startle probes were presented 60, 240, or 2,000 ms after picture onset. At 60 ms and 240 ms, repressors (low anxiety, high defensiveness) showed weaker blinks during both pleasant and unpleasant compared to neutral pictures, suggesting enhanced early attention to affective stimuli, regardless of valence. At 2,000 ms, high-anxious but not low anxious participants showed potentiated startle responses during unpleasant compared to pleasant pictures. Although this result replicated previous research on anxiety and valence modulation of startle, exploratory analyses suggested that the valence effect was restricted to trait anxious individuals tending toward a defensive coping style. Across probe conditions, defensiveness was associated with heightened startle reactivity independent of self-reported anxiety and foreground stimulus characteristics.
11 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that crisis intervention training is effective in increasing levels of staff comfort with difficult situations commonly experienced in the rehabilitation setting and the changes are maintained following training.
Abstract: of the program, and 1 month later. Results: Immediately following completion of the program, participants reported increased comfort when faced with client behaviors related to motivation and adherence, sexuality, and aggression and when interacting with other staff and client families. Changes in comfort level with sexual situations, aggression, and staff/staff interactions were maintained 1 month post training. Conclusions/Implications: These results suggest that crisis intervention training is effective in increasing levels of staff comfort with difficult situations commonly experienced in the rehabilitation setting and the changes are maintained following training.
10 citations
TL;DR: Patients with TBI were significantly more deconditioned than a comparable group of sedentary people without disability and participation in cardiorespiratory fitness programs after TBI should be encouraged to prevent secondary disability.