Abstract: ABSTRACT The Al 6061 alloy is mainly hardened by the precipitation of the secondary Mg2Si and ternary (Al-Mg-Si) eutectic. In this work, the Al 6061 plates have been heat-treated by four different methods and thereafter the tensile strength, hardness and microstructural attributes have been compared. The first plate was kept untreated or in ‘as received’ condition. The remaining four samples were solution annealed (SA) at 350°C for 1.5 h of soaking time. The SA was followed by (1) only water quenching (WQ) in the 2nd sample; (2) water quenching + ageing (WQ + Ag) in the 3rd sample; (3) only furnace cooling (FC) in the 4th sample, and (4) furnace cooling + ageing (FC + Ag) in the 5th sample. The ageing was performed at 150°C for 4 h of holding period. The study revealed that WQ increases the ductile behaviour of the Al 6061 alloy but with a loss of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS). The WQ + Ag sample showed an improvement of 23% in elongation, while the FC sample had the lowest UTS and YS. The WQ + Ag sample showed a slight improvement in UTS and YS, while the FC + Ag sample recovered UTS, YS, and hardness, which were dropped during plain FC.

Abstract: The current study demonstrates a dual and wideband mmWave 4 × 4 port MIMO antenna for 5G and beyond applications. The proposed antenna is derived from a traditional inset-fed rectangular geometry, modified with multiple curved edges on the top plane to produce a large effective aperture and enable significant surface current distribution. Partial ground planes are connected using 45° tilted conducting strips to form a common ground, which enhances surface current distribution and balances power through each port. The antenna exhibits wide bandwidths of 2.3–6.5 GHz at resonant frequencies of 28–38 GHz, respectively. Moreover, the suggested antenna yields more than 21 dB isolation, 8.3 dB peak gain, 92% radiation efficiency, 89% multiplexing efficiency, an ECC of 0.00007, and a channel capacity of 21 bit/s/Hz. To validate the antenna design, the prototype was fabricated on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880™ substrate, tested, and compared with simulated results, showing good agreement.

Abstract: ABSTRACT We have demonstrated the synthesis and characterisation of methyl (E)-1-(((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-9 h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate (Schiff base) capped silver nanoparticle for selective monitoring of copper metal ions in water medium. The strategy relies on visual and spectroscopic investigation of copper ions sensing in water. Schiff base capped silver nanoparticles exhibit visual changes with copper ions because of immediate agglomeration of NPs which results in colour changes from orange to brown. In the UV-Visible spectrum, AgNPs exhibited a red-shift of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band from 444 nm to 799 nm. Our sensing technique is distinct and does not require massive and costly set-up since sensing may be performed visually with naked eye. Moreover, this strategy can detect the copper ions in water with the detection limit of 2.309 × 10−5 M (0.146 ppm) which is less than the prescribed 3.0 ppm maximum permissible limit of copper ions in drinking water, according to the WHO guidelines. SEM and TEM analysis recorded the morphology and structural features of AgNPs. UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy recorded the shift of the SPR band during the sensing of copper ions. This approach is effective for sensing copper ions in real water samples. As a result, our technique paves the way for the implementation of real-time copper ions sensing in water sources.

Abstract: Colon cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Detection and removal of polyps, a pioneer of CRC, is extremely important for improving prediction. With advances in deep learning, significant advances have been made in the accuracy and efficiency of polyp detection. Especially in medical imaging. This work attempts to use folding networks (CNNS), in particular folding networks (CNNS), in particular, to improve detection of polyps in colonoscopic images. A Kvasir-SEG dataset containing colonoscopy images is used and preprocessing is performed, including size, normalization and enhancement to improve model output. This work uses both CNNs for end-to-end learning and support vector machines (SVMs) with features derived from the pre-formed VGG16 model. The model has been evaluated for accuracy, recall, F1 score, and ROC-AUC, and the results have promising performance in polyp detection. Optimization of the model by adjusting and verifying hyperparameters for invisible data suggests survival of this method for real-time recognition of polyps in clinical settings. Future research includes increasing data records, improving models, and investigating applications in a broader healthcare environment

Abstract: This paper presents a novel basketball shooting performance optimization method that integrates deep pose estimation with a Space‐Air‐Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN)‐enabled feedback mechanism. The core idea is to leverage advanced 3D human pose estimation techniques to capture the fine‐grained body kinematics during shooting, decompose these movements into interpretable motion phases, and utilize SAGIN to provide ultra‐low‐latency corrective feedback. Compared to existing methods that either focus solely on biomechanical analysis or network‐based performance enhancement, our framework establishes a closed‐loop system capable of real‐time analysis, correction, and adaptive learning. The proposed method is composed of four key components: (A) a deep pose estimation module that accurately reconstructs 3D body joints, (B) a phase‐wise motion decomposition mechanism tailored to basketball shooting, (C) a SAGIN‐based feedback pipeline that ensures low‐latency information delivery, and (D) a unified learning objective that simultaneously optimizes pose estimation accuracy and shooting biomechanics. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system significantly outperforms existing methods, achieving 25.4 mm MPJPE (15%–40% reduction compared to baseline methods), 90.4% shooting accuracy (12%–18% improvement over existing systems), and 38 ms feedback latency (63% reduction compared to ground‐based systems), offering a promising direction for intelligent sports training.

Abstract: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of wood apple shell particles in enhancing wear resistance, offering a sustainable alternative for composite reinforcement. This study aims to emphasize the benefits of agricultural waste utilization in material development, reducing waste while promoting sustainable industrial applications. In this experimental study, epoxy resin (LAPOX B11) is used. It is a medium-viscosity and unmodified polymer that falls under the epoxide category. It consists of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) which shows a viscosity range of 11,000–15,000 MPa·s at 25 °C. This resin is combined with hardener HY-951 (a compound based on 2-aminoethyl ethane-1,2-diamine) for curing purposes. Wood apple shell which is considered as waste materials is used to prepare wood apple particles. A ball milling machine is used to obtain particles from hard wood apple shells, Figure 1. The wood apple particles with varying weight percentage (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%) are thoroughly mixed with epoxy and corresponding hardener. Sliding wear tests, Taguchi experimental studies and steady state studies are also carried out. The wood apple particles reinforced polymer composites with 20 wt.% filler content exhibited the minimum specific wear rate among all the fabricated composite samples. The factor combination of A3B2C3D3, that is, filler content of 15 wt.%, normal load of 20 N, sliding distance of 1,800 m and sliding velocity of 3 m/s will result in minimum specific wear rate. The parameters A (filler wt.%), C (sliding distance) and D (sliding velocity) has significant effect on specific wear rate. The scanning electron microscopic study exhibited the presence of micro-ploughing, micro-fracture, plastic deformation, formation of groves and pits over the surface of tested specimens which may be considered as the possible failure mechanism. Wear performance of polymer composites reinforced with wood apple shell particles is a new characterized composite which has better wear and strength factors. Also it forms the usage of Agricultural waste to resources. The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2025-0386/

Abstract: This study investigates the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesised from Kigelia africana leaf extract on reproductive health in male albino rats. Kigelia africana possesses significant indigenous medicinal and non-medicinal applications due to its various metabolites, including kigelinone, isopinnatal, flavonoids, verminoside, tannins, saponins, quercetin, kigelin, ferulic acid, stigmasterol, minecoside, ajugol, and 7-hydroxyeucommic acid iridoids, as well as 7-O-glucoside. This plant has been utilised for its antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. We assessed how varying concentrations of AgNPs influenced biochemical parameters, including testosterone levels, and reproductive organ weight in five dose groups of 40 rats for 60 days. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent decline in several biochemical markers and reproductive organ weights with increased AgNP concentrations. Specifically, higher doses of AgNPs led to significant reductions in testosterone levels and alterations in key biochemical parameters such as protein and sialic acid. Notably, while histology and weights of reproductive organs were severely impacted in the highest dose group, significant recovery was observed in a group that underwent a recovery period. These findings underscore the potential of AgNPs for their use in male contraception. The partial recovery in some cases highlights the need for further research to understand recovery mechanisms and the long-term implications of AgNP exposure.

Abstract: The main aim of this study is to address issues related to urbanization in religious-historic cities by using satellite imagery in urban conservation planning. This article presents a thorough examination and the evolution across time of religious-historic cities. These inputs can help urban planners to incorporate the strategies of urban conservation while proposing master plan. The religious-historic cities in the Religious-Historic cities of Mathura district have been struggling to incorporate the idea of conservation into city planning, despite improvements in institutional and economic elements. The issue is mostly caused by a lack of focus on the essential components of the traditional urban fabric. The paper suggests using satellite imagery as a useful tool in Geographic Information System (GIS) applications to address these issues. This method can help in determining and evaluating the traits of enclosed and open areas (typology) and calculating the floor area ratio, two crucial aspects of past urban patterns. These technologies can help urban planners gain a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the distinct spatial dynamics and design approaches needed for successful conservation planning.