Institution
LaGrange College
Education•La Grange, Georgia, United States•
About: LaGrange College is a education organization based out in La Grange, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Muscle hypertrophy & Boundary value problem. The organization has 57 authors who have published 110 publications receiving 1347 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: This review covers underlying physiological characteristics and training considerations that may affect muscular strength including improving maximal force expression and time-limited force expression as well as how initial strength affects an athlete’s ability to improve their performance following various training methods.
Abstract: This review covers underlying physiological characteristics and training considerations that may affect muscular strength including improving maximal force expression and time-limited force expression. Strength is underpinned by a combination of morphological and neural factors including muscle cross-sectional area and architecture, musculotendinous stiffness, motor unit recruitment, rate coding, motor unit synchronization, and neuromuscular inhibition. Although single- and multi-targeted block periodization models may produce the greatest strength-power benefits, concepts within each model must be considered within the limitations of the sport, athletes, and schedules. Bilateral training, eccentric training and accentuated eccentric loading, and variable resistance training may produce the greatest comprehensive strength adaptations. Bodyweight exercise, isolation exercises, plyometric exercise, unilateral exercise, and kettlebell training may be limited in their potential to improve maximal strength but are still relevant to strength development by challenging time-limited force expression and differentially challenging motor demands. Training to failure may not be necessary to improve maximum muscular strength and is likely not necessary for maximum gains in strength. Indeed, programming that combines heavy and light loads may improve strength and underpin other strength-power characteristics. Multiple sets appear to produce superior training benefits compared to single sets; however, an athlete’s training status and the dose–response relationship must be considered. While 2- to 5-min interset rest intervals may produce the greatest strength-power benefits, rest interval length may vary based an athlete’s training age, fiber type, and genetics. Weaker athletes should focus on developing strength before emphasizing power-type training. Stronger athletes may begin to emphasize power-type training while maintaining/improving their strength. Future research should investigate how best to implement accentuated eccentric loading and variable resistance training and examine how initial strength affects an athlete’s ability to improve their performance following various training methods.
704 citations
TL;DR: The biological construct of skeletal muscle hypertrophy is critically evaluated, potential operational definitions are proposed, and suggestions for consideration are provided in hopes of guiding future research in this area.
Abstract: Skeletal muscle is highly adaptable and has consistently been shown to morphologically respond to exercise training. Skeletal muscle growth during periods of resistance training has traditionally been referred to as skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and this manifests as increases in muscle mass, muscle thickness, muscle area, muscle volume, and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA). Delicate electron microscopy and biochemical techniques have also been used to demonstrate that resistance exercise promotes ultrastructural adaptations within muscle fibers. Decades of research in this area of exercise physiology have promulgated a widespread hypothetical model of training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy; specifically, fCSA increases are accompanied by proportional increases in myofibrillar protein, leading to an expansion in the number of sarcomeres in parallel and/or an increase in myofibril number. However, there is ample evidence to suggest that myofibrillar protein concentration may be diluted through sarcoplasmic expansion as fCSA increases occur. Furthermore, and perhaps more problematic, are numerous investigations reporting that pre-to-post training change scores in macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular variables supporting this model are often poorly associated with one another. The current review first provides a brief description of skeletal muscle composition and structure. We then provide a historical overview of muscle hypertrophy assessment. Next, current-day methods commonly used to assess skeletal muscle hypertrophy at the biochemical, ultramicroscopic, microscopic, macroscopic, and whole-body levels in response to training are examined. Data from our laboratory, and others, demonstrating correlations (or the lack thereof) between these variables are also presented, and reasons for comparative discrepancies are discussed with particular attention directed to studies reporting ultrastructural and muscle protein concentration alterations. Finally, we critically evaluate the biological construct of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, propose potential operational definitions, and provide suggestions for consideration in hopes of guiding future research in this area.
154 citations
TL;DR: The results of this investigation indicate that females may be more prone to producing forces asymmetrically than males during WtD and jumping tasks and that absolute strength may play a larger role in influencing asymmetry magnitude than sex.
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the existence of bilateral strength and force-production asymmetry and evaluate possible differences based on sex, as well as strength level. Asymmetry was assessed during weight-distribution (WtD) testing, unloaded and lightly loaded static- (SJ) and countermovement-jump (CMJ) testing, and isometric midthigh-pull (IMTP) strength testing. Subjects included 63 athletes (31 male, 32 female) for WtD, SJ, and CMJ tests, while 129 athletes (64 male, 65 female) participated in IMTP testing. Independent-samples t tests were used to determine possible differences in asymmetry magnitude between males and females, as well as between strong and weak athletes. Cohen d effect-size (ES) estimates were also used to estimate difference magnitudes. Statistically different asymmetry levels with moderate to strong ESs were seen between males and females in WtD, 0-kg SJ (peak force [PF]), 20-kg SJ (peak power [PP]), 0-kg CMJ (PF, PP, net impulse), and 20-kg CMJ (PF), but no statistical differences were observed in IMTP variables. Dividing the sample into strong and weak groups produced statistically significant differences with strong ES estimates in IMTP PF and rate of force development, and many ESs in jump symmetry variables increased. The results of this investigation indicate that females may be more prone to producing forces asymmetrically than males during WtD and jumping tasks. Similarly, weaker athletes displayed more asymmetry than stronger athletes. This may indicate that absolute strength may play a larger role in influencing asymmetry magnitude than sex.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the theoretical consistency and viability of phantom dark energy as a field theory were examined and a brief review of the theoretical foundations for the theory was provided. But, since we expect every physical entity to have some kind of field description, we are not aware of any theoretical analysis of such a theory.
Abstract: In this brief review, we examine the theoretical consistency and viability of phantom dark energy. Almost all data sets from cosmological probes are compatible with the dark energy of the phantom variety (i.e. equation-of-state parameter w < −1) and may even favor evolving dark energy, and since we expect every physical entity to have some kind of field description, we set out to examine the case for phantom dark energy as a field theory. We discuss the many attempts at frameworks that may mitigate and eliminate theoretical pathologies associated with phantom dark energy. We also examine frameworks that provide an apparent measurement w < −1 while avoiding the need for a phantom field theory.
65 citations
Authors
Showing all 62 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peter Massopust | 17 | 113 | 2258 |
| Janice E. Williams | 15 | 19 | 2035 |
| Cody T. Haun | 14 | 50 | 642 |
| Chad Harris | 13 | 53 | 790 |
| Todd L. Matthews | 12 | 23 | 537 |
| Christopher A. Bailey | 11 | 32 | 405 |
| Kevin J. Ludwick | 9 | 19 | 742 |
| Molli M. Newman | 9 | 10 | 434 |
| William Yin | 9 | 13 | 187 |
| John Granger Cook | 7 | 22 | 198 |
| Matt L. Sams | 7 | 14 | 125 |
| John A. Tures | 6 | 14 | 92 |
| Amber M. Leiker | 6 | 6 | 141 |
| Charles C. Williams | 4 | 15 | 52 |
| Christopher R. Bellon | 4 | 8 | 271 |
Related Institutes (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 2 |
| 2022 | 5 |
| 2021 | 4 |
| 2020 | 11 |
| 2019 | 14 |
| 2018 | 6 |