Abstract: Existing schemes for evaluation of the characteristic polynomial of a graph suffer from limited practicality. Their application to large molecules inordinately increases the amount of labor. Here a procedure is outlined which is useful even for large molecules. It is based on a not widely known property of the collection of characteristic polynomials for Ulam's subgraphs, which, when added, give the derivative of the characteristic polynomial of the initial graph. The characteristic polynomials for Ulam's subgraphs are, as a rule, easier to derive due to the presence of many pending bonds in graphs of chemical interest. The last step requires an integration of a polynomial (which is a straightforward step) and determining the constant of integration, which represents the determinant of the adjacency matrix. The available methods for determing the additive constant (the determinant) are combinatorially much simpler than the initial task of finding all of the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial. The approach is illustrated on selected benzenoid hydrocarbons, nonbenzenoid, and nonalternant systems. Construction of the characteristic polynomials can be accelerated by considering auxiliary fragments and irreducible subgraphs separately and combining them in the final expression. Many auxiliary fragments allow their characteristic polynomials to be expressed in a closed form using recursive relations. The results for complex molecules can thus be written in a relatively compact form. Finally, the derivative of the characteristic polynomial, expressed in terms of selected auxiliary functions and irreducible components, can be integrated directly to give the result in terms of contributions signifying various fragments rather than as an explicit function of x.

Abstract: During a survey of the coccidian parasites of reptiles from Iowa, three specimens of Crotalus horridus L., the Timber Rattlesnake, and one of Sistrurus catenatus (Rafinesque), the Massasauga Rattlesnake, were found to be passing oocysts of a Caryospora, here described as C. bigenetica n. sp. Since these snakes (family Crotalidae) are known to subsist mainly on small mammals, oocysts from one of the Timber Rattlesnakes were fed to laboratory white mice (Mus musculus L.) to determine if mammals might be involved as alternate hosts in the life cycle. At necropsy, tissues of the tongue and dermis of the mice revealed a sequence of stages which included mature male and female gamonts, fully sporulated sporocysts, “excysted” sporozoites, and “resting” sporozoites that lay individually in solitary, cyst-like host cells termed “caryocysts.” A coccidia-free Massasauga that was fed an infected mouse, at a time when caryocysts in the mouse would have been present, later passed oocysts similar to those of the original inoculum. These results, along with the discovery of endogenous stages (asexual and sexual) in the intestine of the Timber Rattlesnake and the experimentally infected Massasauga, suggest that this parasite has a heteroxenous life cycle pattern, with sexual stages occurring both in the ophidian and the mammalian hosts.

Abstract: The opening decades of the twentieth century saw various advertisers embark on a concerted effort to create professional instruction at American universities. They had two objectives. They thought that such instruction might help individual firms determine precisely how advertising worked in the marketplace — and thereby create a science of advertising — and they hoped that university education would transform their business into a full-fledged profession. Yet these efforts brought mixed results. As such instruction came into being, advertisers found that they had little influence over the education they had sought to promote, and they found that such training had chosen to follow one of two divergent paths, neither of which the industry thought wholly acceptable. Even more to their dismay, advertisers found that this education did not in fact convert their business into a profession.

Abstract: Using a canonical numbering of vertices for the graph corresponding to a particular rearrangement of tetragonal-pyramidal complexes, all 120 permutations defining the symmetry for the rearrangement are derived. An examination of the permutations points to the symmetric group S/sub 5/, which has previously been found for isomerizations of trigonal-bipyramidal complexes and in the rearrangement of homotetrahedryl cations.

Abstract: This study compares the professional activities of retired professors from liberal arts colleges, a comprehensive university, and a major research university. Results show that a large majority of faculty continue to perform professional roles and that strength of ties to colleagues and professional organizations outside the institution are correlated with professional activity at all types of institutions. Major differences among institutions are: (1) liberal arts college and research university faculty show consistency between pre- and postretirement professional activity levels, whereas comprehensive university faculty do not; (2) university faculty show higher levels of participation in a number of professional activities than do liberal arts college faculty; (3) rated importance of “research or other creative work” is related to professional activity for comprehensive university faculty and rated importance of “consulting” and “university service” are related to professional activity for research university faculty.

Abstract: The lateral distribution of upstream, diffuse energetic ions resulting from shock acceleration at an idealized model bow shock is investigated, where the model consists of a uniform planar shock along which steady source ion injection takes place over a finite region of the shock. The solution exhibits growth toward a peak ion concentration whose location beneath the point of initial magnetic connection with the shock is sensitive to the model parameters. It is found that a plateau forms if the source size is large in comparison to the scale length of ion distribution function's growth, and that cross-field diffusion strongly enhances the diffuse ion concentration near the leading edge of the source.

Abstract: The present study investigated a discrete-trials, operant tracking and a descending-series procedure for the determination of hearing levels with profoundly retarded individuals. These individuals were previously diagnosed as untestable. Following stimulus-control training with errorless discrimination procedures, hearing levels for each individual were examined with both procedures. For P-1 and P-2, the operant tracking procedure was administered following a descending-series procedure. Both were observed to "track" their own hearing levels. For P-3, the operant tracking procedure was administered first, followed by the descending-series procedure. Although P-3 also "tracked" her own hearing level, more variable responding was observed. Nonetheless, the operant tracking procedure proved quite workable and may provide for improved hearing testing with "difficult-to-test" individuals.

Abstract: In this paper we propose a macrolevel model for analyzing the creation of deviance rules. We begin by placing the phenomenon within the context of the social factist and social definitionist sociological traditions, identifying the insights and difficulties the social problems literature presents for explaining deviance rule creation. We suggest that the theoretical difficulties can be resolved by placing the process within a sociology of knowledge framework. The consequent dialectical model of deviance designation is based on the assumption that society is composed of a number of general interests in varying degrees of conflict with prevailing definitions of deviance representing outcomes of previous contests. This balance or accommodation becomes vulnerable with the introduction or increase in strain which is a potential resource for interest groups desiring a new definition. The outcome of the ensuing conflict is seen as dependent on the ability of the combatants to employ resources in the battle. We conclude by identifying the advantages the model has for studying the deviance rule creation process.

Abstract: This study is based on interviews conducted in 1977 with a dozen Brong women living around New Drobo, Ghana, who have knowledge of midwives' practices in childbirth. Through a description of midwives' work handling ordinary childbirth and referring the extraordinary to other kinds of attendants in both traditional and modern service deliveries, I suggest how the management of uncertainty structures relations between segments in a division of labor that includes various kinds of expertise. In the case of Brong midwives, their resolution of uncertainty accounts for how they define their proper jurisdiction vis-a-vis female relatives, herbalists, shrine priests, and modern facilities, and their referral patterns demonstrate how they recognize limits to their participation by knowledge in its breach. Systematic acceptance of possible Type-II error protects them from facing "real trouble" that they are not equipped to handle. In conclusion, I assess to what extent this analysis may apply to other practitioners...

Abstract: The social-anthropological studies of “Yankee City” by W. Lloyd Warner are reconsidered, with concentration on his taxonomy of symbolic activities. Several of Warner's central analytic foci are reviewed and applied to a modern context. The American Revolution Bicentennial is characterized as a societal-level symbolic observance, directly analogous to civil ceremonies in Yankee City. Three major themes from Warner's studies of that community's symbolic life—types of symbolism, socializational effects of symbolism, and rhetorical persuasion—are analyzed with regard to the Bicentennial observance. Illustrative data provide some conceptual and empirical support for the generalizability of Warner's taxonomy to other civil religious phenomena.

Abstract: A brief review of work on an analytical solution to three center nuclear attraction integrals and relationship among selected auxiliary functions is presented. The review is preceded by an outline of a few concepts from graph theory -- the subject of current intensive interest of the author. Graphs already play useful role in molecular calculations, even in some problems involving molecular integrals and graph theory deserves a better exposure. In the spirit of graph theoretical tradition, the problem of solving of four center integrals has been here exalted to a conjecture that such integrals can be evaluated analytically. While believers will try to prove the conjecture, now there is also a burden on non-believers to disprove it! In a more solemn direction, the contribution suggests that overlap integrals play a role of auxiliary functions and some hope is expressed that additional molecular integrals will be expressed in terms of general overlap integrals or as some function of overlap integrals.

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