Doncaster College

Abstract: OBJECTIVE--To analyse critically the use of the Jarman underprivileged area index in health care planning and distribution of resources. DESIGN--The original derivation of the score was examined and evidence to support criticisms of the use of underprivileged area scores examined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Discrepancies between areas classified as deprived according to the index and areas known to require government funding; the extent of the bias towards family practitioner areas in London; and how the results of using the Jarman index compared with those when another deprivation index based on different indicators was used. RESULTS--The use of electroal wards as geographical areas for which deprivation payments are made is unsatisfactory as the wards vary considerably in size. Of the 20 district health authorities with the highest underprivileged area scores in England, 12 were in London, and four of the six family practitioner committee areas with the highest scores were in London. No health authority or family practitioner committee area in the Northern region had one of the top 20 or 10 scores respectively. When an alternative deprivation index was used to determine the allocation of resources to doctors there was considerable variation compared with the Jarman index. CONCLUSION--The Jarman index underprivileged area score is an inappropriate measure to use for health care planning and distribution of resources. There is a need for a revised measure for allocating deprivation payments to general practitioners.

Abstract: Verbal protocol methodologies have been used in a variety of research settings, and have, to some extent been used in music composition cognition studies. However, there has been little evaluation of such a research methodology. This paper discusses outcomes from a longitudinal single-case-study where immediately retrospective verbal reporting was combined with real-time digital data collection procedures. By triangulating data from computer ‘save-as’ files, transcription of the verbal protocol, semistructured interviews and verification sessions with the composer, it was possible to examine aspects of creative problem-solving and moments of insight in such activity. Mapping of the emerging structure was also possible and this, combined with analysis of procedures and strategies outlines in the verbal protocol, allowed a view into the compositional ‘flow’, and a resultant hypothetical model of composition process to be presented. Practical issues around the use of verbal protocol methodology are ...