Abstract: This study proposes a multidimensional fault injection test methodology targeting ARINC429 avionics bus. ARINC429 avionics bus is currently a mature aviation bus standard used in many important onboard systems. Evaluating the reliability and safety of the ARINC429 avionics bus in critical system communication is particularly important. Completing fault injection test and evaluation of ARINC429 signals through injecting specific faults of ARINC429 avionics bus signals into the physical layer, electrical layer, and protocol layer, and completing fault injection test in different scenarios through signal channel routing. This article discusses the principle and architecture of fault injection test for the widely used ARINC429 signal in avionics systems in multi-level and multi scenarios. Based on this architecture, a test platform is built to complete the verification of ARINC429 avionics bus fault injection test. And taking the navigation system as an example, relying on this platform to complete fault injection test.

Abstract: Background: Etomidate has minimal cardiovascular depressant effects at the cost of endogenous cortisol production suppression, whereas propofol has vasodilatory and myocardial depressant properties, which may be poorly tolerated in the cardiac surgical population. To offset the undesirable effects of propofol, ketamine can be co-administered to harness its cardiac stimulatory properties. Though etomidate is a more cardio-stable induction agent than propofol, its superiority over the combination of propofol and ketamine—colloquially known as “ketofol”—remains controversial. Methods: United States National Library of Medicine Database (MEDLINE) and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) were searched for randomized controlled trials published since 2010 comparing etomidate and ketofol relative to propofol alone for induction of general anesthesia for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Key data collected included post-induction nadir mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and serum cortisol levels at 24 hours postoperatively. Variables were compared by calculating a weighted mean difference (WMD) [95% confidence interval (CI)]. Results: This analysis included 15 studies (1125 patients). Anesthetic induction with etomidate was associated with a higher nadir MAP and SVR compared to ketofol during the peri-induction period by WMD 4.77 mmHg [95% CI 0.31, 9.23, P = 0.04] and 42.22 dynes/cm5 [95% CI 0.49-83.94, P = 0.05]. However, there was no difference in the frequency of needed boluses of vasopressors or fluids for peri-induction hypotension. Conclusions: Though etomidate appears to provide a superior hemodynamic profile compared to ketofol, both agents require similar degrees of clinical response to hypotension during the induction of CABG surgery patients.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction (POMI) at 30 and 90 days following abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and to examine its association with surgical approach (open v endovascular), preexisting comorbidities, and preoperative medications using a large national cohort. DESIGN A non-randomized, retrospective cohort study. SETTING Analysis of the PearlDiver Mariner Database, a nationally representative all-payer claims database in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 37,386 patients who underwent AAA repair between 2010 and 2023 were included. INTERVENTIONS Patients underwent either open surgical AAA repair or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The incidence of POMI was 2.7% at 30 days and 3.7% at 90 days postoperatively. Despite EVAR patients having a greater burden of baseline comorbidities, open repair was associated with significantly higher odds of POMI at both time points. After multivariable logistic regression adjusted for baseline characteristics, these associations persisted. Several comorbidities were independently associated with increased risk of POMI, with prior myocardial infarction showing the strongest association at both 30 and 90 days. CONCLUSIONS Open AAA repair is linked to significantly greater odds of POMI compared to EVAR after multivariate analysis. A history of myocardial infarction was the most predictive risk factor for postoperative cardiac events. These findings raise the possibility that extending postoperative surveillance beyond 30 days may identify additional clinically relevant events, warranting further investigation in prospective studies.