Becker College

Abstract: It is our contention that the 2019 esports industry’s revenue size is massively undervalued at $1.1B USD within the literature. This paper provides a more accurate sizing of the esports landscape, incorporating into the analysis six major sectors of the esports industry: 1) teams, professional players, and streamers, 2) game publishers, 3) streaming platforms, 4) physical products, 5) leagues and tournaments, and 6) digital tools. Each sector is discussed separately, with descriptions of the business models and corresponding revenue equations that drive each sector’s revenue estimates. Overall, we purport that $24.9B USD is a more accurate estimation of the “true” market size of esports for 2019.

Abstract: The increased intraocular pressure (IOP) has been considered to be an increased resistance of the aqueous humor outflow through the inner wall of Schlemm's canal (SC) and/or the juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT). The Rho GTPase-regulated actomyosin organization appears to be an important mechanistic determinant of aqueous humor outflow facility. Therefore, in this study, we have evaluated the effects of modulating Rho GTPase activity on actomyosin cytoskeletal organization, monolayer permeability/barrier function of human SC cells, and aqueous humor outflow facility in enucleated porcine eyes ex vivo. Human SC cells, isolated from cadaver eyes, were treated with either Rho GTPase activators such as thrombin and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), or a specific inhibitor (C3-exoenzyme) of Rho GTPases. Treatment of SC cells with thrombin and LPA led to increased formation of stress fibers, focal adhesion, and increased myosin light chain phosphorylation, whereas treatment with C3-exoenzyme showed the opposite effects like H-7 and ECA, known for increasing the outflow facility in porcine eyes. The findings presented here suggest that LPA and thrombin, presumably through activation of Rho GTPase-mediated actomyosin cytoskeletal reorganization in SC cells, cause a decrease in monolayer permeability of SC cells as well as a decrease in outflow facility of porcine eyes in ex vivo. Our results suggest that decrease in aqueous humor outflow may be correlated better with the changes in cytoskeletal organizations of SC, which could be the prime locus of the outflow resistance.

Abstract: Veterinary technology students were asked to participate in a study comparing 2 methods of teaching endotracheal intubation of rabbits. The first group of students was taught to intubate rabbits by the classic 'sblind' method. This method entailed holding a sternally recumbent rabbit by its head while the intubator listened to breath sounds through a partially passed endotracheal tube inserted through the rabbit's oral cavity. When the rabbit inhaled, the intubator introduced the endotracheal tube to the lower respiratory tract, timing the movement of the endotracheal tube with the opening of the laryngeal inlet. A second technique, based on the blind method of intubation of horses, was taught to a second set of students. In this method, the operator visualizes the condensation of exhalation from the respiratory tract in the transparent silicon endotracheal tube positioned at the rostral larynx. The operator uses this information to advance the endotracheal tube into the airway. All students were successful with both techniques. Although students intubated the rabbits more quickly with the classic blind technique, they expressed unanimous preference for the lateral recumbency method.