Abstract: Type III collagen is one of the major interstitial collagens and, as such, plays an important role in modulating the structure and function of most tissues. To compare the expression of the type III collagen gene to that of the type I collagen alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) genes, cDNAs encoding the 3' one-third of the human alpha 1(III) collagen mRNA were obtained by screening a human fetal lung fibroblast cDNA library with a cloned segment of the chicken alpha 1(III) gene. Northern blot analysis of human fetal lung fibroblast RNA demonstrated two alpha 1(III)-specific mRNAs of sizes 6.6 and 5.8 kilobases, sizes clearly different from those of the type I collagen mRNAs. Analyses of populations of dividing and nondividing human lung fibroblasts revealed that, on a per cell basis, the nondividing population contained twice as much alpha 1(III) mRNA than did the dividing population. The same was true for the type I collagen alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) mRNA transcripts. Similar results were obtained when alpha 1(III), alpha 1(I), and alpha 2(I) mRNA transcripts were quantified by using dot blot evaluation of total RNA, Northern analysis of total RNA, and dot blot evaluation of cytoplasmic RNA. Thus, despite the fact that the alpha 1(III) collagen gene is located on a chromosome different from the alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) genes, the expression of these three collagen chains appears to be coordinately controlled during periods of rapid and slow fibroblast growth.

Abstract: Thin films of SnO2 doped with fluorine were produced by the conventional spraying method using Corning 7059 glass substrates. The electrical and optical properties of these films were determined as a function of the substrate temperature Ts and dopant concentration in the basic spraying solution. The visible and near-IR transmittance as well as the electrical resistivity of the films decreased with an increase in the fluorine concentration. The best electro-optical properties (an average transmittance of 75% and an electrical resistivity of 10−3 Ω cm) were achieved for 250°C⩽Ts⩽350°C and fluorine concentrations (relative to tin) in the spraying solution of around 2 at.%. The surface texture of the films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The fluorine content of the samples was analysed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Structural changes were studied using X-ray diffractometry. A systematic change in the intensity of the X-ray diffraction lines as a function of the fluorine content was observed. Theoretical calculations of the structure factors associated with the SnO2 lattice if fluorine atoms are introduced into substitutional and interstitial positions were performed.

Abstract: On October 27th 1984, high-latitude ionospheric convection was observed by the European incoherent scatter (EISCAT) radar. For a nine-hour period, simultaneous observations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) were obtained sunward of the Earth's bow shock. During this period, the IMF abruptly turned southward, having previously been predominantly northward for approximately three hours, and a strong enhancement in convection was observed 11 ± 1 minutes later. Using the very high time resolution of the EISCAT data, it is shown that the convection enhancement propagated eastward, around the afternoon magnetic local time sector, at a speed of the order of 1 kms−1. These results are interpreted in terms of the effects of an onset of steady IMF-geomagnetic field merging and are the first to show how a new pattern of enhanced convection is established in the high latitude ionosphere.

Abstract: EISCAT observations of ionospheric heating by means of high power HF radio waves are reported. These results indicate that the ionospheric response to heating involves a number of plasma instabilities with different characteristic time scales, ranging from a few milliseconds to several tens of seconds.

Abstract: The encounter between the ICE spacecraft and Comet P/Giacobini-Zinner was characterized in the solar wind by intense fluxes of heavy ions, measurable over a region 6 x 10 to the 6th km in extent. The ions are observed with highly anisotropic angular distributions, steep energy spectra, and a change in the energy spectrum at around 80 keV, consistent with a composition predominantly of the water group. Flux versus time profiles follow a general fall off with increasing distance from the comet, but with a marked inbound/outbound asymmetry. This asymmetry is due to the higher solar wind velocity on the outbound pass, giving rise to an increased energy gain of the pick-up ions. The flux versus time profiles are strongly modulated by the rapid changes in the direction of interplanetary magnetic field. Correlated observations of energetic ions, the interplanetary magnetic field and the solar wind are presented, and these observations are compared with theoretical predictions of the ion pick-up process.

Abstract: This paper surveys the results of simultaneous observations by the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar and the AMPTE-UKS satellite, made during three periods in September and October 1984, when AMPTE-UKS was in the solar wind on the dayside of the Earth and the UK-POLAR EISCAT experiment was measuring ionospheric parameters at invariant latitudes 70.8–75.0°. A total of 42 h of EISCAT convection velocity data, with 2.5 min resolution, were obtained, together with 28 h of simultaneous 5 s resolution AMPTE-UKS observations of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The general features of the AMPTE-UKS data are described in Section 2 and those of the EISCAT data are described in Sections 3 and 4. The main subjects discussed are the form of the plasma convection patterns and their dependence on all three components of the IMF (Section 5), the ionospheric response to abrupt changes in the IMF (Section 6), in particular a sharp ‘southward turning’ of the IMF on 27 October 1984, and a crossing of an IMF sector boundary. Section 7 describes ‘short lived rapid flow burst’, which are believed to be related to flux transfer events at the magnetopause.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of single-stranded DNA from clones in bacteriophage M13 vectors. This procedure allows multiples of 96 clones to be processed at once, utilizing filtration to remove host cells and simplifying the treatment of bacteriophage pellets. The DNA produced can be used for sequencing of mutagenesis.

Abstract: Burst-like enhancements of energetic ions were observed by the EPAS instrument on the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) during its closest approach to (28 × 106 km upstream of) Comet P/Halley, in late March 1986. The enhancements showed considerable temporal structure and highly anisotropic angular distributions, with strong ion streaming in the antisolar direction. The ion intensity was modulated by the varying solar wind speed (the latter reaching maxima of around 600 km s−1), as was found to be the case for heavy cometary ions accelerated by pick-up in the solar wind flow, during the ICE encounter with Comet P/Giacobini-Zinner (G-Z). We therefore conclude that we observed pick-up ions (most probably ≥ 65 keV oxygen ions) produced by heavy neutrals from Comet Halley. The region of pick-up ions extended to more than 0.2 AU (∼35 × 106 km) from the nucleus at this time, at least three times further than was observed during the Giotto and VEGA encounters. The observations of energetic ions at such large distances suggest the presence, in the neutral atmosphere surrounding the nucleus, of a component with an ionisation scale length of 5-10 million km, resulting from a relatively high expansion speed of a few km s−1 and/or an ionisation time scale of a few times 106s.

Abstract: The SSC occurring on March 22, 1979, at 0826 UT had an unusually sharp onset in Scandinavia, in Middle Europe and in experiments on the geostationary satellite GEOS 2, which was near noon, local magnetic time. The ground magnetometer stations showed a small preimpulse which started ∼5 s before the main impulse. Both impulses needed ∼2 s to “propagate” from ground stations at L = 6.3–4.6. Search coil magnetometers indicate a very small precursor in northern Finland (L ∼ 4.4–6.0) which started ∼15–20 s before the main impulse. This small precursor also occurred close to the time of the SSC onset at GEOS 2. We interpret this precursor as an effect of precipitating electrons changing the ionospheric conductivity in a localized region. The main impulse triggered damped magnetic pulsations (Psc) with periods near 160 s and 50 s visible in northern Scandinavia and the electric field detector on GEOS 2. Furthermore, the magnetic field and the energetic ions at GEOS observed pulsations with periods near 80 s, but these could only be observed at the northernmost ground stations. There are several indications that the first three harmonics of standing hydromagnetic waves are detected. They may correspond to periodic oscillations of the subsolar point or eigenperiods of the SSC-excited fast mode (compressional cavity resonance). The tentatively identified second harmonic wave (period ∼80 s) is indicative of a bounce resonance of ring current protons. Inside the plasmasphere the dominant period of a superimposed Psc 4 event increased with latitude for the H component indicating several toroidal eigenoscillations.

Abstract: A 38 base pair (bp) insertion in the pro α2(I) collagen gene (COL1A2) of a patient with Marfan syndrome has been proposed to be the possible cause of the disease (Henke et al. 1985). However, analysis of this insertion in DNA from the patient in question and from random normal individuals reveals it to be a common polymorphism. We suggest that the 38 bp insertion is not related to the primary defect in this case of Marfan syndrome.

Abstract: Rocking curves for RHEED by the Si(001) surface are measured and compared with the results of theoretical calculations. Two sets of experimental curves are presented, one for the 2× 1 reconstructed surface and the other for the (1×1):2H surface, the incident beam azimuths being along both the 〈110〉 and 〈010〉 directions in each case. The two sets of curves are compared to assess the surface sensitivity of RHEED and then the curves for the (1×1):2H surface are compared with the theoretical results. The averaging procedure needed to take account of the domain structure of the surface is examined in detail and it is shown that a suitable weighted average gives the best fit to the data. It is proposed that this is a consequence of surface disorder. Reasonable agreement between theory and experiment is obtained for the rocking curves corresponding to the 〈110〉 incident beam azimuth but the agreement for the 〈010〉 azimuth is poorer. The usual assumption that hydrogen has a negligible effect on RHEED intensities is examined theoretically and is found to be not entirely justified: the agreement between theory and experiment is improved by taking the hydrogen into account.

Abstract: The structural gene for the human clotting factor 10 (F10) has been mapped to chromosome 13 with a cDNA probe hybridized to DNAs from a panel of human X hamster hybrids. In situ hybridization was used to assign F10 to region 13q32----qter of chromosomes from normal human lymphocytes.

Abstract: A random, unique DNA sequence has been isolated and assigned to human chromosome 8. This sequence (D8MGV1) recognizes two alleles that differ in size by 700 bp.

Abstract: Measurements made by the Energetic Particle Anisotropy Spectrometer (EPAS) on the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) spacecraft show that relatively abrupt changes occur in energetic heavy ion properties near the periphery of the mass-loaded flow region surrounding comet P/Giacobini-Zinner Corresponding features are observed both inbound and outbound from the comet As the distance to the comet decreases, a change in the ion distribution takes place over approximately 5 minutes, indicative of flow deflection away from the comet-sun axis Shortly afterwards, the ion angular distribution broadens over a further 6 minutes, indicative of a slowing of the ion bulk flow by about 100 km s−1 Taken together with magnetic field and plasma data, these observations are suggestive of a shock wave standing in the flow

Abstract: In this, the second part of a comprehensive study of electron drift and diffusion in counting gas mixtures, we report the results of calculations for pure Ne, pure CO2 and the mixtures Ne-20% CO2, Ne-10% CH4, Ne-20% CH4, A-10% CO2, A-20% CO2 and A-50% CO2. Values of drift velocity and of the transverse and longitudinal diffusion coefficients computed by Monte Carlo methods are shown to be in good agreement with the available experimental measurements in the range 0 ⩽ Ep ⩽ 2.0 V cm−1Torr−1.

Abstract: Mass transfer occurs in every uniform, many-component system. The net result of submitted to a gravitational or inertial field. this mass transfer is a lowering of the mass center of the system and the concurrent formation of concentration gradients. The Lower-density components move upwards, the higher density components move downwards, until every component reaches a uniform chemical potential, throughout the system.

Abstract: Hycanthone is a drug used for the clinical treatment of schistosomiasis, although inducing chromosomes breaks and mutagenesis when it enters the DNA double helix. Based on visual observation of characteristics of basophilia and anisotropy after toluidine blue staining, a preferential binding of hycanthone to heterochromatin could be demonstrated for the nuclei of the Malpighian tubules of Triatoma infestans. In other cellular systems like cattle kidney cells in culture, plant cells, and mouse lymphocytes, the drug could be demonstrated to bind heterochromatin and euchromatin, irrespective of the packing state of the latter. When penetrating the various heterochromatin types (with the exception of T. infestans), the drug induced a chromatin loosening that could favor incidence of chromatin breaks. The variation of hycanthone binding to DNA in different cell types is possibly related to differences in composition, stereo-arrangement and stability of the DNA-protein complexes involved.

Abstract: Magnetograms from Lerwick, Scotland and Halley, Antarctica are used to show that the effects of the DPY current system can frequently be detected at these sub-auroral observatories. It is found that the magnetic perturbations associated with the DPY current dominate any effects that may be caused by the dawn-dusk displacement of the DP2 current resulting from the imposition of the y -component of the interplanetary magnetic field, By . The magnitude of the DPY current effect appears to be directly related to that of By , which is contrary to results from stations within the polar cap. There is no apparent seasonal variation in the frequency with which DPY effects are seen at Halley and Lerwick.

Abstract: The hypotheses concerning the nature of solar wind-magnetosphere interactions recently advanced by Primdahl and Spangslev to account for certain magnetospheric effects associated with IMF B y are discussed and criticized on theoretical grounds. Consequences for IMF B y penetration into the magnetosphere based on these hypotheses are also compared with expectations based on the reconnection model. Major differences occur relative to the dependence of the penetration effect on time since a sector boundary crossing, thus forming the basis of an experimental test. Examination of ATS -6 geostationary orbit magnetometer data is then shown to give results compatible with the reconnection model and contrary to the Primdahl-Spangslev picture. For both theoretical and experimental reasons, we thus conclude that the Primdahl-Spangslev picture may be rejected as providing a satisfactory basis for understanding magnetospheric electrodynamics.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION ANTENATAL SCREENING programmes for the diagnosis of Neural Tube Defects are, at present, being carried out in many areas throughout the UK. These programmes have resulted from the findings of Brock and Sutcliffe’, who described the association between foetal NTDs and raised amniotic fluid levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and subsequently found that AFP could also be detected in maternal serum2. These findings led to the formation of the UK Collaborative Study Group, whose primary study’ was to determine the efficiency of maternal serum AFP, as a method of screening for NTDs. This study concluded that the optimum gestation time for screening was found to be between 16 and 18 weeks; early enough in pregnancy to allow for further tests and termination, if necessary. As the incidence of NTDs varies between goegraphical locations4, evaluation of these screening programmes, when they are applied to geographically defined populations, should be carried out in order to determine their effectiveness within each area. We report below the results of such a local evaluation in the hope that others might benefit from the lessons we learned the hard way. A retrospective study design was used to evaluate the AFP screening programme for the detection of NTDs in Leicestershire. The sample was collected for the period 1976-1982, and consisted of all pregnancies occurring to

Abstract: A transport theory is presented in terms of the massive Thirring-field Fermi operators for the quantum sine-Gordon system. We calculate the probability of Zener tunneling of these Fermi particles for the charge-density-wave state with Nth-order commensurability. It is shown that the charge associated with the Fermi particles is the fractional number 2/N.

Abstract: Abstract Samples of Ilford K0 nuclear emulsions, type II LR-115 and CR-39 were exposed to the radioactivity originated from the radonium emanation from a Ra-226 source, in a closed ambient. It was used a cilindrical geometry made in such a way that the track detectors stayed in the same conditions of exposition with respect to the alpha radioactivity from the ambient air. The track detectors were developed at usual chemical conditions and then were analyzed at the optical microscope. In that conditions, it was observed that the ratio of efficiencies of CR-39 and of LR-115 to the K0 nuclear emulsion were 0.683±0.011 and 0.312±0.006, respectively.

Abstract: In four lyotropic nematic mesophase systems the sign of the anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility was observed to change with the addition of sufficient amounts of benzenesulfonate. Four series of mesophases were examined, two with initially postive diamagnetic anistopies and two with initially negative anisotropies prepared using alkyltrimethylammonium, decylammonium and dodecanoate surfactancts. The sign of the diamagnetic anisotropy and the order parameters of the benzenesulfonate ion were determined from the proton NMR spectra. The concentraion of benzene-sulfonate ion necessary to form a mesophase with zero diamagnetic anisotropy can be explained in terms of the relative contributions to the macroscopic diamagnetic susceptibility of the aromatic rings and the hydrocarbon chains.

Abstract: The nonequilibrium macroscopic state of a polar semiconductor under constant laser illumination is studied. The values of the relevant steady-state thermodynamic parameters are determined. They are the solutions of generalized transport equations derived using the nonequilibrium statistical operator method. Numerical results are obtained for the case of GaAs.

Abstract: The Raman and infrared spectra of 1,3-diphenyl propane and 4-(3-phenyl propyl)pyridine were recorded in the liquid state, at room temperature, in the range from 4000 cm−1 to 200 cm−1. The vibrational assignments allowed us to identify the presence of three staggered conformers, AA, AG and GG. No evidence was found of existence of the GG1 conformer with the two parallel phenyl (or pyridil) ring groups. These results have been used to correlate the normal modes from these molecules with those from the polystyrene and polyvinylpyridine.

Abstract: We study the electronic structure of the Mo 4d and W 5d impurities in GaAs, using the cluster approach within the multiple-scattering X\ensuremath{\alpha} formalism; results are also given for the Cr 3d isovalent impurity. Multiplet structures for the systems are evaluated through the approach of Fazzio, Caldas, and Zunger. Our results indicate that the Mo and W impurities will present a low-spin ground state in the 2+ oxidation state (acceptor), and that the observed luminescence lines are not related to the $^{5}\mathrm{}^{5}$${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$ internal transition of the isolated substitutional Mo and W impurities.