/pdf/polyploidy-its-consequences-and-enabling-role-in-plant-f684irds.pdf

Polyploidy: its consequences and enabling role in plant diversification and evolution

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most abundant mycotoxin in cereal crops and derived foods and is of great concern in agriculture. Bioremediation strategies have long been sought to minimize the impact of mycotoxin contamination, but few direct and effective enzyme-catalyzed detoxification methods are currently available. In this study, we established a multi-enzymatic cascade reaction and successfully achieved detoxification at double sites: glutathionylation for the C-12,13 epoxide group and epimerization for the C-3 hydroxyl group. This yielded novel derivatives of DON, 3-epi-DON-13-glutathione (3-epi-DON-13-GSH) as well as its by-product, 3-keto-DON-13-GSH, for which precise structures were validated via liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Both cell viability and DNA synthesis assays demonstrated dramatically decreased cytotoxicity of the double-site modified product 3-epi-DON-13-GSH. These findings provide a promising and urgently needed novel method for addressing the problem of DON contamination in agricultural and industrial settings. 

A novel strategy for detoxification of deoxynivalenol via modification of both toxic groups

道阻且长，行则将至；行而不辍，未来可期 ——杂交小麦的发展和展望

Introgression of chromosome 5P from Agropyron cristatum enhances grain weight in a wheat background

The launch of satellite: DNA repeats as a cytogenetic tool in discovering the chromosomal universe of wild Triticeae

Fhb7 is a major gene that was transferred from Thinopyrum ponticum to chromosome 7D of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and confers resistance to both Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR). However, Fhb7 is tightly linked to the PSY-E2 gene, which causes yellow flour, limiting its application in breeding. To break this linkage, marker K-PSY was developed for tagging PSY-E2 and used with Fhb7 markers to identify recombination between the two genes. Screening 21,000 BC1F2 backcross progeny (Chinese Spring ph1bph1b*2/SDAU 2028) revealed two Fhb7+ wheat-Tp7el2L lines, Shannong 2–16 and Shannong 16–1, that carry a desired truncated Fhb7+ translocation segment without PSY-E2. The two lines show levels of resistance to FHB and FCR similar to those of the original translocation line SDAU 2028, but have white flour. To facilitate Fhb7 use in wheat breeding, STS markers were developed and used to isolate Fhb7 on a truncated Tp7el2 translocation segment. Near-isogenic lines carrying the Fhb7+ segment were generated in the backgrounds of three commercial cultivars, and Fhb7+ lines showed increased FHB and FCR resistance without yield penalty. The breakage of the tight linkage between Fhb7 and PSY-E2 via homoeologous recombination provides genetic resources for improvement of wheat resistance to FHB and FCR and permit the large-scale deployment of Fhb7 in breeding using marker-assisted selection. 

Elimination of the yellow pigment gene PSY-E2 tightly linked to the Fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb7 from Thinopyrum ponticum

https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-pdf/131/1/185/50106125/mcac054.pdf

Chromosome diversity in Dasypyrum villosum, an important genetic and trait resource for hexaploid wheat engineering.

染色体工程在杂交小麦育种中的应用进展

Exploring high thermoelectric performance in single crystal materials with intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity has become an important field for thermoelectric research. BiSe, as a member of (Bi2Se3)<italic>m</italic>(Bi2)<italic>n</italic> series superlattice compounds, has a very low intrinsic thermal conductivity due to the existence of Bi2 bilayer in its layered crystal structure. Moreover, it is a new and promising thermoelectric material due to the non-toxic and environmentally friendly chemical compositions. The special layered structure of BiSe makes its thermoelectric transport properties significantly anisotropic. In this paper, BiSe single crystal was prepared by Bridgman method, and its anisotropic thermoelectric transport properties were investigated. The results show that the sample has higher conductivity and thermal conductivity in the in-plane direction, while the lower Seebeck coefficient makes the thermoelectric figure of merit <italic>ZT</italic> value in this direction lower than that in the interlamellar direction. The maximum values of <italic>ZT</italic> in the two directions are 0.11 <sc>(573 K)</sc> and 0.16 <sc>(623 K),</sc> respectively. Compared with polycrystalline BiSe, the single crystal sample exhibits lower electric transport performance, which can be attributed to the difference of scattering coefficient. The carrier concentration of BiSe single crystal is regulated by Sb doping, which effectively improves the Seebeck coefficient of the samples and optimizes the electrical transport performance. In the meanwhile, Sb doping can produce lattice distortion and reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. The final <italic>ZT</italic> value of Bi0.8Sb0.2Se single crystal increases by about 1 fold, reaching 0.34 <sc>(573 K)</sc> in the interlamellar direction and 0.20 <sc>(573 K)</sc> in the in-plane direction.

BiSe单晶及其Sb掺杂单晶的制备和热电输运性质

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Elimination of the yellow pigment gene PSY-E2 tightly linked to the Fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb7 from Thinopyrum ponticum

Chromosome diversity in Dasypyrum villosum, an important genetic and trait resource for hexaploid wheat engineering.

染色体工程在杂交小麦育种中的应用进展

BiSe单晶及其Sb掺杂单晶的制备和热电输运性质