This review paper examines the potential of electrospun nanofibrous membranes as a transformative solution to address the increasing worldwide water issue, with a focus on meeting the rising need for effective and environmentally friendly water filtration technology. The utilization of electrospinning facilitates the manufacturing of nanofibrous membranes that possess distinctive structural characteristics, hence providing an outstanding ratio of surface area to volume and allowing for the customization of membrane features. Notwithstanding notable progress, obstacles such as membrane fouling, scalability, and cost-effectiveness impede their extensive implementation. To mitigate these constraints, the use of standardized testing protocols is crucial for evaluating enduring efficacy and dependability within authentic contexts. The analysis highlights the promising prospects of electrospun nanofibrous membranes in the field of water filtration, with a particular focus on the continuous exploration of material advancements, novel manufacturing methods, and the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence and data analytics. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject and encourage stakeholders and researchers to use electrospun nanofibrous membranes in conventional water purification methods. This will help build a reliable water supply for future generations. 

Progress and prospects of electrospun nanofibrous membranes for water filtration: A comprehensive review

The dissemination of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment can potentially pose risks to ecosystems and human health. Herein, a novel microbial fuel cell and membrane bioreactor (MFC-MBR) integrated system characterized by internal reflux of sludge mixtures was proposed to reduce antibiotics, control the spread risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and simultaneously alleviate membrane fouling. The bioelectricity production was distinctly promoted with increasing return flow ratios under sulfamethoxazole (SMX) addition. Besides, reactors characterized by higher return flow ratios achieved a relatively elevated degradation rate of SMX, attributed to the enhanced microbial activities through electrical stimulation. Importantly, the absolute abundance of intI1, sul1 and sul3 significantly decreased in the effluent of reactors characterized by higher return flow ratios. The value of zeta potential and particle size of sludge flocs subsequently increased and the content of membrane foulants dropped with the increasing return flow ratios. Moreover, MFC-MBRs characterized by higher return flow ratios were enriched in antibiotic degrading bacteria (Firmicutes, Thauera) and electrochemically active bacteria (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota). Therefore, this study provided a theoretical basis for reducing the spread of antibiotics and ARGs while simultaneously alleviating fouling, achieving the best of both worlds, through the novel MFC-MBR integrated system. 

A novel integrated microbial fuel cell-membrane bioreactor (MFC-MBR) for controlling the spread of antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes while simultaneously alleviating membrane fouling

A Comprehensive Review of Reverse Osmosis Desalination: Technology, Water Sources, Membrane Processes, Fouling, and Cleaning

Linking water quality, fouling layer composition, and performance of reverse osmosis membranes

Fruit juices can undergo concentration through traditional means, such as multi-stage vacuum evaporation. However, this method often leads to color degradation, loss of fresh juice flavor, and an undesirable "overcooked" taste due to the thermal process involved. Preserving the nutritional components and delicate sensory properties of fruit juice during the concentration process has proven to be a challenging task in the realm of food processing. To address this challenge, membrane-based separation technology has emerged as a promising alternative for fruit juice concentration. Compared to conventional methods, membrane-based processes offer several advantages, including minimal thermal damage to the product, lower equipment costs, reduced energy consumption, and improved retention of aroma compounds. However, membrane fouling remains a significant drawback in these processes. Recent technological advancements have sought to overcome these limitations by integrating membrane processes with other technologies for concentrated fruit juice production. This study provides a comprehensive discussion and review of the recent progress, developments, and prospects of membrane-based processes in fruit juice concentration. Additionally, a novel approach to achieving sustainable fruit juice concentration is proposed, involving the integration of agricultural irrigation and a dual-cycle forward osmosis process. In this innovative process, food additives containing plant nutrients are employed as the draw solute for both cycles in the forward osmosis process, and the resulting diluted draw solution can be utilized as fertilizer. This approach ensures that all products and by-products are utilized without any detrimental effects on both human health and the environment. 

A comprehensive review on the recent advances in membrane-based processes for fruit juice concentration

Fouling characteristic of reverse osmosis membrane for reclaimed water treatment operating under cold winter condition

Assessment of highly concentrated pear juice production through single-run forward osmosis using sodium lactate as the draw solute

Pressurized liquefied natural gas (PLNG) is a new natural gas liquefaction solution proposed in recent years for reducing the construction and operating costs of floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG). For natural gas, the liquefaction temperature is strongly influenced by the pressure; when the pressure increases, the liquefaction temperature of natural gas increases accordingly. The increase in the liquefaction temperature of natural gas leads to a higher solubility of impurities such as carbon dioxide, which means that the pretreatment standards for liquefied natural gas can be reduced. Therefore, the use of PLNG technology can simplify pretreatment plants and significantly reduce construction and operating costs. In order to better apply PLNG technology to FLNG, it is necessary to understand the solubility of carbon dioxide in pressurized LNG and the phase change during liquefaction. To achieve this, experimental setups are needed to simulate the temperature and pressure environment of the LNG to obtain the relevant data and observe the relevant phenomena. After a literature research and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of previous experimental setups, several improvements are proposed in this paper, and based on this, a visualization device is designed for studying the liquid–solid-phase equilibrium experiment of CO2 in PLNG. The device has a pressure resistance of 20 MPa, a minimum operating temperature of 77 K, and a variable volume function. It is also equipped with a sapphire window to be able to observe the inside of the device. In order to verify the superiority of the device, experiments were conducted using the device to verify the pressure resistance, variable volume, and visualization functions of the device. The experimental results show that the experimental device designed in this paper does have a certain superiority.

/pdf/design-of-a-device-and-system-to-study-the-liquid-solid-3msu8ppl.pdf

Design of a Device and System to Study the Liquid–Solid-Phase Equilibrium Experiment of CO2 in PLNG

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Fouling characteristic of reverse osmosis membrane for reclaimed water treatment operating under cold winter condition

Assessment of highly concentrated pear juice production through single-run forward osmosis using sodium lactate as the draw solute

Design of a Device and System to Study the Liquid–Solid-Phase Equilibrium Experiment of CO2 in PLNG