統計年鑑 = Statistical yearbook

Spend your few moment to read a book even only few pages. Reading book is not obligation and force for everybody. When you don't want to read, you can get punishment from the publisher. Read a book becomes a choice of your different characteristics. Many people with reading habit will always be enjoyable to read, or on the contrary. For some reasons, this statistical rules of thumb tends to be the representative book in this website.

Statistical Rules-of-Thumb.

Population aging and public health expenditure mainly dedicated to older dependent persons present major challenges for the European Union (EU) Member States, with profound implications for their economies and labor markets. Sustainable economic development relies on a well-balanced workforce of young and older people. As this balance shifts in favor of older people, productivity tends to suffer, on the one hand, and the older group demands more from health services, on the other hand. These requisites tend to manifest differently within developed and developing EU countries. This research aimed to assess population aging impacts on labor market coordinates (employment rate, labor productivity), in the framework of several health dimensions (namely, health government expenditure, hospital services, healthy life years, perceived health) and other economic and social factors. The analytical approach consisted of applying structural equation models, Gaussian graphical models, and macroeconometric models (robust regression and panel corrected standard errors) to EU panel data for the years 1995-2017. The results show significant dissimilarities between developed and developing EU countries, suggesting the need for specific policies and strategies for the labor market integration of older people, jointly with public health expenditure, with implications for EU labor market performance.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/4/1439/pdf

The Impact of Population Aging and Public Health Support on EU Labor Markets.

The innovative capability of an organisation depends on the intellectual capital that it possesses. Our research attempts to examine the influence individual intellectual capital components have on...

/pdf/the-influence-of-intellectual-capital-on-innovativeness-and-9fo6u5hg3b.pdf

The influence of intellectual capital on innovativeness and growth in tourism SMEs: empirical evidence from Slovenia and Croatia

The present paper proposes a theoretical model of institutional quality of a higher education institution (HEI) which, in addition to the internal dimensions of quality, incorporates also the external dimension, i.e. the outcomes dimension. This dimension has been neglected by the quality standards and models examined in our paper. Furthermore, the standards and models analyzed consider stakeholders as one of the quality factors of a HEI. The stakeholders’ perspective is seen as a lens through which stakeholders define, control and assess the quality of a HEI. The proposed model therefore gives stakeholders greater significance compared to the dimensions of institutional quality of a HEI. The model has been validated from the employers’ perspective. On the basis of 339 completed questionnaires or a 39.74 % response rate we concluded that outcomes constitute the most important dimension of institutional quality of a HEI from the perspective of employers in Slovenia. The outcomes dimension is followed, in descending order, by the non-financial resources and inputs, sustainable development, value chain, and, finally, the financial resources and inputs dimensions. The results of the study have shown that of the 44 quality factors of a HEI the following data are of key importance to employers: information on the participation of students in practical training, achievements of graduates at the workplace, implementation of a HEI’s research achievements in practice, graduate employability, and a HEI’s responsiveness to the demands and changes in the environment.

Institutional Quality of a Higher Education Institution from the Perspective of Employers

Increasing life expectancy at birth is a huge achievement for a society; however it also brings many challenges and requires a society to constantly adapt to demographic consequences. In our research, we investigate life expectancy determinants and the role of a country's education level among them. Using multiple regression analysis on cross-section data of 187 countries around the world we confirm our main research thesis that a country's education level is an important determinant of life expectancy at birth and three separate hypotheses regarding life expectancy determinants. The main contribution of this research is the empirically tested regression model of life expectancy determinants. The results of the research confirm a strong importance of a country's education level and imply that societies should encourage education among young people as well as education of adults through lifelong learning programmes.

The role of expected years of schooling among life expectancy determinants

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to investigate impact of population ageing on unemployment and entrepreneurial activity in Slovenia since it is one of the topical issues in an ageing Europe and has many implications for economic and non-economic welfare. Design and Methodology: First, we introduce the phenomenon of population ageing and provide some literature review on population ageing impact on unemployment and entrepreneurial activity. Second, we employ multiple regression analysis on cross-section data for Slovenian municipalities. We use secondary data collected from databases of Statistical Office of Republic of Slovenia and Employment Service of Slovenia on demographic and economic variables by 210 municipalities for the year 2009. Results: The regression analysis results confirm our first hypothesis. Municipalities with higher ageing index and higher average age also have higher registered unemployment rate. If ageing index (average age) is higher by 1 %, the registered unemployment rate is higher on average by 0.532 % to 0.670 % (by 2.431 % to 3.379 %), ceteris paribus. Our regression analysis also confirms our second hypothesis. Municipalities with higher average age also have lower number of enterprises per 100 population. If average age is higher by 1% (by 1 year), the number of enterprises per 100 population is lower on average by 1.7 % (by 0.182 enterprises), ceteris paribus. Conclusion: We may conclude that population ageing without properly addressing it, consequently leads into lower economic welfare. That additionally highlights the importance of a proper demographic and social policy when governing labour market policy.

Impact of Population Ageing on Unemployment and Entrepreneurial activity: the Case of Slovenia

This paper investigates key demographic developments in the Slovenian and Croatian populations and their implications for education and labor markets. Changes in fertility, mortality, and migration have led to a growing proportion of elderly people. The declining proportion of the young is one of the important structural changes affecting demand for education, implying changes in demand for labor employed in education. We use multiple regression models to analyze population aging as a variable explaining changes in demand for education in Slovenia and Croatia. We also include in the regression framework other explanatory variables that determine demand for education. We find that declining fertility has a significant negative influence on the demand for all three levels of schooling-primary, secondary, and tertiary-in both countries and is especially important to demand for primary and secondary schools. This has important policy implications that should be considered to minimize the negative trends for e...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/27740068.pdf

Population Aging and the Education Market in Slovenia and Croatia

In this paper we analyse the undergraduate and postgraduate higher education participation determinants in placecountry-regionSlovenia. Using a micro-level probit analysis we find the most important statistically significant higher education participation determinants in placecountry-regionSlovenia, and the most important differences between the determinants on the undergraduate and on the postgraduate level. We use the Slovenian statistical Household Budget Surveys (HBS) data for the reference years from 1998 to 2005. The HBS covers private households in place country-region Slovenia with the basic socio and demographic data for the household members observed within the surveys, data on income, assets and final consumption. In the probit analysis we focus on the determinants of the undergraduate and postgraduate higher education participation separately for different age groups. Based on the results of the three probit models we find six different determinants of the undergraduate higher educatio...

/pdf/probit-model-of-higher-education-participation-determinants-4jfptjyqh5.pdf

Probit model of higher education participation determinants and the role of information and communication technology

This paper investigates the higher education demand in Slovenia, which is investigated in general and in the field of tourism, using regression analysis on selected time-series data. We find a positive and significant association between the higher education demand in general and the demographic and socio-economic circumstances. Demographic trends in general slow down or even decrease the demand for higher education, while socio-economic factors mostly encourage the demand for higher education. However, unfavourable demographic factors are already prevailing over the favourable socio-economic fac­tors, meaning that growth rates of absolute demand for higher education are starting to decline. We analyze the movements of demand for higher education in the field of tourism in recent years and compare them to the movements of the demand for higher education in general and to the movements of the demand for tourism in Slovenia. The demand for tourist services is a factor that encourages demands for higher education in the field of tourism. Finally, we derive some conclusions about higher education demand determinants in Slovenia in general and in the field of tourism, and propose some recommenda­tions for national educational policy.

/pdf/higher-education-demand-factors-and-the-demand-for-tourism-33on2dn47w.pdf

Higher Education Demand Factors and the Demand for Tourism Education in Slovenia

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