Time distortion occurs when individuals exhibit either overestimation or underestimation of the duration of events or activities. Previous studies of the relations between media use and time distortion have mainly focused on video games or social media. Given the widespread use and unique characteristics of short-form videos, we aimed to explore the effects of short-form video use on time distortion through two empirical studies. In Study 1, we conducted a three-phase survey among 111 college students consisting of demographic information, subjectively estimated and objectively recorded daily short-form video use, and a general unrelated survey task. Students were then asked how much time they spent on the survey task. The results showed that short-form video use frequency significantly positively predicted the degree of overestimation of both daily short-form video use and time spent on the general survey task. In Study 2, we assigned 62 college students to one of two priming activities (15 min of TikTok or reading) and compared their duration perceptions of the 15-min priming activity and of a subsequent 15-min general academic task. The results showed that the TikTok group significantly overestimated the duration of both the priming activity and the subsequent academic task, and their frequency of daily short-form video use significantly positively predicted their degree of overestimation. However, the reading group demonstrated relatively accurate duration estimation with no time distortion. Our findings extend the cognitive models of time perception to the field of short-form video use and provide practical implications for intervention of short-form video overuse. 

Time distortion for short-form video users

Sleep is an important physiological process, but staying up late has become a worldwide problem, particularly among university students. Sleep procrastination has been found to associated with sleep biorhythms and problematic smartphone use ("PSU") in previous studies. This two-wave study examines the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between PSU and sleep procrastination, together with the moderating role of sleep biorhythms. Participants comprised 1,423 Chinese university students. The results revealed that PSU and sleep procrastination are reciprocally related. Additionally, sleep biorhythms moderated this relationship, as PSU at T1 significantly predicted sleep procrastination at T2 for the morning larks group but not the night owls group. Accordingly, both PSU and sleep biorhythms should be considered when developing interventions for sleep procrastination. 

Are “night owls” or “morning larks” more likely to delay sleep due to problematic smartphone use? A cross-lagged study among undergraduates

Background Resilience is vital for improving mental health and well-being during adolescence, which is an important yet vulnerable period. Previous research has indicated that physical activity enhances individual resilience. However, limited studies have examined underlying psychological mechanisms between them. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity on adolescent resilience via self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,732 high school students aged 16 to 20 years old (mean age: 16.51 ± 0.77 years), with nearly equal number of boys (47.63%) and girls (52.37%). They each completed the Physical Exercise Questionnaire, Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Resilience Scale, respectively. A serial indirect model was constructed to examine how physical activity influences resilience. Results Structural equation model analysis revealed that physical activity significantly and directly predicted resilience. When self-efficacy and basic psychological needs were included in the model, both direct and indirect effects were observed. Specifically, the positive relationship between physical activity and resilience was partially mediated by self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. In addition, basic psychological needs and self-efficacy were found to serially mediate the direct relathonship between physical activity and resilience. Conclusions The present study provides novel theoretical insights into sports psychology by establishing a link between basic psychological needs and self-efficacy. The findings have implications for school administrators and physical education instructors in designing targeted interventions to promote adolescent resilience. These interventions may involve creating supportive environment conductive to fulfilling students’ basic psychological needs, implementing strategies to enhance self-efficacy beliefs, and providing opportunities for skill development and mastery experiences in sports and physical activities. 

How does physical activity improve adolescent resilience? Serial indirect effects via self-efficacy and basic psychological needs

Phubbing (phone snubbing) has become the norm in (im)polite society. A vast majority of US adults report using their phones during a recent social interaction. Using one’s phone in the presence of others has been shown to have a negative impact on relationships among co-workers, friends, family, and romantic partners. Recent research suggests viewing short-form videos (SFVs) (e.g., TikTok) is more addictive/immersive than traditional social media (e.g., Facebook) leading to a greater likelihood of phubbing others. Across two studies, the present research investigates the relationship between SFV viewing and phubbing and the possible mediating effect of self-control. We also test whether TikTok has a stronger relationship with phubbing than Instagram Reels and YouTube Shorts, two popular SFV purveyors. Study 1 (282 college students) finds that viewing TikTok videos is positively associated with phubbing others and this relationship is mediated by self-control. Interestingly, Study 1 also finds that this relationship does not hold for Instagram Reels and YouTube shorts. Using two different measures of self-control, Study 2 (198 adults) provides additional support for the mediating effect of self-control on the SFV viewing—phubbing relationship. Again, the model is only supported for TikTok SFV viewing, not Instagram or YouTube. In sum, the viewing of carefully curated short TikTok videos, often 30–60 seconds in length, undermines self-control which is associated with increased phubbing behavior. Implications of the present study’s findings expand far beyond phubbing. Self-control plays a central role in nearly all human decision making and behavior. Suggestions for future research are offered. 

TikTok Brain: An Investigation of Short-Form Video Use, Self-Control, and Phubbing

This study investigates the impact of physical activity on negative emotions among university students and examines the mediating influence of self-efficacy, aiming to furnish empirical insights and a theoretical framework to enhance and optimize the mental health of this population comprehensively. 

Effect of physical exercise on negative emotions in Chinese university students: The mediating effect of self-efficacy

Interpersonal relationships moderate the relation between academic stress and mobile phone addiction via depression among Chinese adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal study

Smartphone embodiment: the effect of smartphone use on body representation

Previous studies have found that adolescents and their parents may hold discrepant views about educational aspirations. However, little is known about how these discrepancies affect adolescents' internalizing problems and the moderating effect of SES on the relation between (in)congruence of parent–child educational aspirations and adolescents' internalizing problems. Therefore, this study explored the relation between (in)congruence of parent–child educational aspirations and adolescents' internalizing problems, and further tested the moderating role of SES. Based on two-wave survey data collected from a nationally representative sample of 8194 parent–child dyads in China (51.3 % boys, mean age = 13.58 years), multilevel polynomial regression and response surface analysis were performed to investigate the hypotheses. The results found that (1) internalizing problems were minimal when the two educational aspiration variables were congruent, (2) internalizing problems were the highest when the discrepancy between child educational and parental educational aspirations was largest, and (3) SES moderated the relation between (in)congruence in educational aspirations and adolescents' internalizing problems. The study's results not only comprehensively and intuitively reveal the influence of parents' and children's educational aspirations on adolescents' internalizing problems, but also provide targeted guidance and suggestions regarding parenting practices for families from diverse SES backgrounds. 

Parent-child educational aspiration congruence and adolescents' internalizing problems: The moderating effect of SES.

Do Violent Video Games Reduce Aggression? The Roles of Prosociality and Cooperation

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