The emergence of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a new class of crystalline porous materials is attracting considerable attention in many fields such as catalysis, energy storage and conversion, sensors, and environmental remediation due to their controllable composition, structure and pore size. MOFs are versatile precursors for the preparation of various forms of nanomaterials as well as new multifunctional nanocomposites/hybrids, which exhibit superior functional properties compared to the individual components assembling the composites. This review provides an overview of recent developments achieved in the fabrication of porous MOF-derived nanostructures including carbons, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides (metal sulfides and selenides), metal carbides, metal phosphides and their composites. Finally, the challenges and future trends and prospects associated with the development of MOF-derived nanomaterials are also examined.

Nanoarchitectured Design of Porous Materials and Nanocomposites from Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 derived nanoporous carbon as an effective and recyclable adsorbent for removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotics from water.

https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/968195/1-s2.0-S2468025717300638-main.pdf

Synthesis and applications of MOF-derived porous nanostructures

Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) as a new type of solid phase extraction (SPE) is attractive for a variety of analytical applications including pre-concentration, clean-up and extraction methods. A comparison of D-μ-SPE with SPE method from several analytical and economical aspects is presented. Up to now the application of D-μ-SPE for the determination of many analytes is increasing due to the simplicity, fastness and low cost of it. Another important feature of D-μ-SPE is the diversity of solid sorbents to achieve specific selectivity and high extraction efficiency. Many reports have discussed the synthesis and application of different sorbents in D-μ-SPE. With the rise of nanotechnology, a large number of synthetic nano-material is widely used to enhance the extraction efficiency and reduce the extraction time of D-μ-SPE. Most studies focused on the magnetic nanocomposites sorbents. Herein, we summarize the type of sorbents and review the latest progress in D-μ-SPE.

Development of dispersive micro-solid phase extraction based on micro and nano sorbents

Are metal-organic frameworks able to provide a new generation of solid-phase microextraction coatings? - A review.

We describe the preparation of nanoporous carbon using a metal-organic framework (MOF) as a template and furfuryl alcohol as the source for carbon. The MOF consists of a zeolitic framework (ZIF-8) that was obtained from 2-methylimidazole and Zn(II) ions. ZIF-8 was soaked with furfuryl alcohol which then was carbonized at 900 °C. The resulting nanoporous carbon (MOF-C) exhibits a high specific surface area and a large pore volume. It was used as a dispersive solid-phase adsorbent for the preconcentration of the benzoylurea insecticides diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron and teflubenzuron from water and tangerine samples. Under optimized conditions, the methods exhibits excellent extraction performance. The insecticides can be quantified via HPLC with UV detection in the 0.5 to 100 ng mL−1 concentration range in case of spiked tap water, and in the 2.0 to 200 ng g−1 concentration range in case of tangerines. The limits of detection range from 0.10 to 0.23 ng mL−1 in case of water samples, and from 0.34 to 0.71 ng g−1 for tangerine sample (at an S/N ratio of 3). Mean recoveries range from 91.7 to 107.9 %, with relative standard deviations of <7.1 %. The results indicate that the method was efficient for the preconcentration of trace levels of benzoylurea insecticides from water and tangerine samples. Conceivably, this new adsorbent has a large potential with respect to the enrichment of other organic pollutants from various kinds of samples.

Nanoporous carbon derived from a metal organic framework as a new kind of adsorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction of benzoylurea insecticides

Immobilization of lipase on hydrophobic MOF synthesized simultaneously with oleic acid and application in hydrolysis of natural oils for improving unsaturated fatty acid production.

Hybrid nanomaterials have recently emerged as a new interface of nanobiocatalysis, serving as a host platform for enzyme immobilization. Enzyme immobilization in inorganic crystal nanoflowers and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has sparked the bulk of scientific interest due to their superior performances. Many breakthroughs have been achieved recently in the preparation of various types of enzyme@MOF and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites. However, it is unfortunate that there are few reviews in the literature related to enzyme@MOF and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites and their improved synthesis strategies and their applications in biotechnology. In this review, innovative synthetic strategies for enzyme@MOF composites and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites are discussed. Enzyme@MOF composites and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites are reviewed in terms of biotechnological applications and potential research directions. We are convinced that a fundamental study and application of enzyme@MOF composites and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites will be understood by the reader as a result of this work. The summary of different synthetic strategies for enzyme@MOF composites and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites and the improvement of their synthetic strategies will also benefit the readers and provide ideas and thoughts in the future research process.

Enzyme hybrid nanoflowers and enzyme@metal-organic frameworks composites: fascinating hybrid nanobiocatalysts.

Efficient Immobilization of Enzymes on Amino Functionalized MIL-125-NH2 Metal Organic Framework

The hybrid coupling of biocatalysts and chemical catalysts plays a vital role in the fields of catalysis, sensing, and medical treatment due to the integrated advantages in the high activity of natural enzymes and the excellent stability of nanozymes. Herein, a new nanozyme/natural enzyme hybrid biosensor was established for ultrasensitive glutamate detection. The MIL-88B(Fe)-NH2 material with remarkable peroxidase mimic activity and stability was used as a nanozyme and carrier for immobilizing glutamate oxidase (GLOX) through Schiff base reaction to construct a chem-enzyme cascade detector (MIL-88B(Fe)-NH2@GLOX). The resultant MIL-88B(Fe)-NH2@GLOX exhibited a wide linear range (1-100 μM), with a low detection limit of 2.5 μM for glutamate detection. Furthermore, the MIL-88B(Fe)-NH2@GLOX displayed excellent reusability and storage stability. After repeated seven cycles, MIL-88B(Fe)-NH2-GLOX (GLOX was adsorbed on MIL-88B(Fe)-NH2) lost most of its activity, whereas MIL-88B(Fe)-NH2@GLOX still retained 69% of its initial activity. Meanwhile, MIL-88B(Fe)-NH2@GLOX maintained 60% of its initial activity after storage for 90 days, while free GLOX only retained 30% of its initial activity. This strategy of integrating MOF mimics and natural enzymes for cascade catalysis makes it possible to design an efficient and stable chemo-enzyme composite catalysts, which are promising for applications in biosensing and biomimetic catalysis.

Glutamate Oxidase-Integrated Biomimetic Metal-Organic Framework Hybrids as Cascade Nanozymes for Ultrasensitive Glutamate Detection.

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