A review on MnZn ferrites: Synthesis, characterization and applications.

Designing heterojunction photocatalysts imitating natural photosynthetic systems has been a promising approach for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. However, in the traditional Z‐Scheme artificial photosynthetic systems, the poor charge separation, and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers remain a huge bottleneck. To rationally design S‐Scheme (i.e., Step scheme) heterojunctions by avoiding the futile charge transport routes is therefore seen as an attractive approach to achieving high hydrogen evolution rates. Herein, a twin S‐scheme heterojunction is proposed involving graphitic C3N4 nanosheets self‐assembled with hydrogen‐doped rutile TiO2 nanorods and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. This catalyst shows an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 62.37 mmol g−1 h−1 and high apparent quantum efficiency of 45.9% at 365 nm. The significant enhancement of photocatalytic performance is attributed to the efficient charge separation and transfer induced by the unique twin S‐scheme structure. The charge transfer route in the twin S‐scheme is confirmed by in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin‐trapping tests. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) spectroscopy, transient‐state surface photovoltage (TPV), and other ex situ characterizations further corroborate the efficient charge transport across the catalyst interface. This work offers a new perspective on constructing artificial photosynthetic systems with S‐scheme heterojunctions to enhance photocatalytic performance.

A Twin S‐Scheme Artificial Photosynthetic System with Self‐Assembled Heterojunctions Yields Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Rate

Manganese zinc ferrites are technically and scientifically a very important class of ferrite materials because they possess a very high magnetic permeability and low core losses. These materials have been broadly used in electronic applications such as transformers, choke coils, noise filters, and memory devices. Extensive research has taken place and still going in this field of science and technology. Applications of Mn-Zn ferrites in last 10 years are reviewed. General features, properties, and applications are discussed. Also, the various synthesis techniques used for the preparation of Mn-Zn ferrites are also considered such as normal ceramic technique, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, co-precipitation method, and citrate precursor method. As the field is quite large, a reasonable effort has been made to include some of the original references discussing in details the specific outcome of the papers published.

Manganese Zinc Ferrites: a Short Review on Synthesis and Characterization

Development of high-temperature high-permeability MnZn power ferrites for MHz application by Nb2O5 and TiO2 co-doping

Tuning the structural, optical and magnetic properties of NiCuZn (Ni0.4Cu0.3Zn0.3Fe2O4) spinel ferrites by Nb2O5 additive

Electron Cloud Density Localized Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Optical Absorption and Carrier Separation towards Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Cobalt-modified manganese–zinc (MnZn) power ferrites with good thermal stability were prepared by conventional ceramic technique. The influences of TiO2 and Nb2O5 additives on the properties of cobalt-modified MnZn power ferrite were investigated. It was shown that moderate amount of TiO2 and Nb2O5 additives could increase the permeability and reduce the power loss effectively while keeping the better thermal stability of cobalt-modified MnZn ferrite. The best magnetic properties were obtained at addition amount of 0.03 wt% TiO2 and 0.02 wt% Nb2O5 with an initial permeability (µ
 i
 ) of 3200 at room temperature and power loss keeping below 400 kW/m3 from 20 to 100 °C. The related mechanisms were briefly discussed.

Effect of TiO2 and Nb2O5 additives on the magnetic properties of cobalt-modified MnZn ferrites

Semiconductor photocatalysis with the Z-scheme mechanism is regarded as a promising approach in enhancing photocatalytic performance. A novel Z-scheme I-BiOBr/C3N4 heterostructure is successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared catalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic degradation performance of various organic pollutants (tetracycline, rhodamine, and norfloxacin). Meanwhile, the optimized catalyst shows an enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate in contrast to pristine BiOBr, I-BiOBr, and g-C3N4. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is ascribed to the widened visible light absorption range and efficient carriers’ transportation. The Z-scheme mechanism is based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, active radical capture experiments, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. This research work provides an angle of view on designing other Z-scheme photocatalytic materials. 

Tuned Band Structure of I‐BiOBr/g‐C
 3
 N
 4
 Heterostructure for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

Preventing the high recombination rate of carriers in graphite-carbon nitride (GCN) is essential for hydrogen production. In this work, we break the original symmetry of GCN by embedding benzene ring for enhanced visible-light absorption and carriers transfer efficiency. The new catalyst was prepared by a condensation reaction using dicyandiamide and 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid as precursors. It shows photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 690.74[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]h[Formula: see text], 9.3 times enhancement than the original GCN. This work provides a new strategy for designing efficient two-dimensional photocatalytic materials for water splitting. 

Asymmetric Embedded Benzene Ring in Graphite Carbon Nitride Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Visible Light

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Electron Cloud Density Localized Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Optical Absorption and Carrier Separation towards Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Effect of TiO2 and Nb2O5 additives on the magnetic properties of cobalt-modified MnZn ferrites

Tuned Band Structure of I‐BiOBr/g‐C 3 N 4 Heterostructure for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

Asymmetric Embedded Benzene Ring in Graphite Carbon Nitride Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Visible Light