Accurate and complete medical data are one valuable asset for patients. Privacy protection and the secure storage of medical data are crucial issues during medical services. Secure storage and making full use of personal medical records has always been a concern for the general population. The emergence of blockchain technology brings a new idea to solve this problem. As a hash chain with the characteristics of decentralization, verifiability and immutability, blockchain technology can be used to securely store personal medical data. In this paper, we design a storage scheme to manage personal medical data based on blockchain and cloud storage. Furthermore, a service framework for sharing medical records is described. In addition, the characteristics of the medical blockchain are presented and analyzed through a comparison with traditional systems. The proposed storage and sharing scheme does not depend on any third-party and no single party has absolute power to affect the processing.

Blockchain-Based Medical Records Secure Storage and Medical Service Framework

The Internet of Things (IoT) makes our life more intelligent. Its combination with the cloud server can solve big data processing problems to meet users’ needs and bring us great convenience. However, there are two challenges we need to face: data sharing and key leakage. To solve the above challenges, attribute-based encryption (ABE) is used to achieve data sharing combined with searchable encryption (SE). Most of the existing attribute-based searchable encryption (SE) schemes are inefficient and not suitable for IoT devices because of the large amount of attributes and keys. The key-leakage problem is serious in practice which very little literature focused on it. In order to address both problems, in this article, we propose a key aggregation searchable encryption (KASE) scheme based on the blockchain with auxiliary input (AI), which is capable of achieving secure data sharing on the encrypted data. Our scheme is presented through a novel chosen plaintext attack (CPA) secure scheme. We prove our scheme is chosen ciphertext attack (CCA) secure against key leakage under the decisional Diffie–Hellman assumption and Goldreich–Leivin theorem. Moreover, we adopt the proposed scheme to establish a data-sharing system based on blockchain, which improves search efficiency and connects the global ecology. In addition, extensive performance evaluations are conducted, and the results indicate our scheme is really efficient in cloud-computing-enhanced IoT.

Blockchain-Based Anti-Key-Leakage Key Aggregation Searchable Encryption for IoT

Vehicular social networks (VSNs) have emerged as the promising paradigm of vehicular networks that can improve traffic safety, relieve traffic congestion and even provide comprehensive social services by sharing vehicular sensory data. To selectively share the sensory data with other vehicles in the vicinity and reduce the local storage burden of vehicles, the vehicular sensory data are usually outsourced to vehicle cloud server for sharing and searching. However, existing data sharing systems for VSNs can neither provide secure selective one-to-many data sharing and verifiable data retrieval over encrypted data nor ensure that the integrity of retrieved data. In this paper, we propose FTDS, a secure flexible and tampering-resistant data sharing system for VSNs by introducing a novel secure key-aggregate search encryption scheme and a tampering-resistant blockchain technology. With the proposed FTDS system for VSNs, the vehicular sensory data can be selectively shared and retrieved in a fine-grained way. Besides, our system allows vehicle data users to detect any unauthorized manipulation. Then, we present the detailed security analysis to prove that the proposed data sharing system can achieve both selective security and verifiability. We also evaluate its performance and demonstrate that it is efficient and practical for the VSNs scenarios.

https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7000&context=sis_research

A Secure Flexible and Tampering-Resistant Data Sharing System for Vehicular Social Networks

Recent attempts at key-aggregate searchable encryption (KASE) combine the advantages of searching encrypted data with support for data owners to share an aggregate searchable key with a user delegating search rights to a set of data. A user, in turn, is required to submit only one single aggregate trapdoor to the cloud to perform a keyword search across the shared set of data. However, the existing KASE methods do not support searching through data that are shared by multiple owners using a single aggregate trapdoor. Therefore, we propose a MULKASE method that allows a user to search across different data records owned by multiple users using a single trapdoor. In MULKASE, the size of the aggregate key is independent of the number of documents held by a data owner. The size of an aggregate key remains constant even though the number of outsourced ciphertexts goes beyond the predefined limit. Security analysis proves that MULKASE is secure against chosen message attacks and chosen keyword attacks. In addition, the security analysis confirms that MULKASE is secure against cross-pairing attacks and provides query privacy. Theoretical and empirical analyses show that MULKASE performs better than the existing KASE methods. We also illustrate how MULKASE can carry out federated searches.

MULKASE: a novel approach for key-aggregate searchable encryption for multi-owner data

Key-Aggregate Searchable Encryption Supporting Conjunctive Queries for Flexible Data Sharing in the Cloud

Provably secure key-aggregate cryptosystems with auxiliary inputs for data sharing on the cloud

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Provably secure key-aggregate cryptosystems with auxiliary inputs for data sharing on the cloud