This paper describes the physics case for a new fixed target facility at CERN SPS. The SHiP (search for hidden particles) experiment is intended to hunt for new physics in the largely unexplored domain of very weakly interacting particles with masses below the Fermi scale, inaccessible to the LHC experiments, and to study tau neutrino physics. The same proton beam setup can be used later to look for decays of tau-leptons with lepton flavour number non-conservation, $\tau \to 3\mu $ and to search for weakly-interacting sub-GeV dark matter candidates. We discuss the evidence for physics beyond the standard model and describe interactions between new particles and four different portals—scalars, vectors, fermions or axion-like particles. We discuss motivations for different models, manifesting themselves via these interactions, and how they can be probed with the SHiP experiment and present several case studies. The prospects to search for relatively light SUSY and composite particles at SHiP are also discussed. We demonstrate that the SHiP experiment has a unique potential to discover new physics and can directly probe a number of solutions of beyond the standard model puzzles, such as neutrino masses, baryon asymmetry of the Universe, dark matter, and inflation.

/pdf/a-facility-to-search-for-hidden-particles-at-the-cern-sps-3pxaggnjt6.pdf

A facility to search for hidden particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case.

The ability to assess energy, matter and information in equal terms makes the emergy analysis an attractive tool to perform sustainability evaluation of all sorts of systems. In recent years, emergy analysis has been applied to assess emergy performance of buildings, industrial processes, urban areas and countries. Emergy is a relatively new concept so its acceptance within and outside the academic world still faces several challenges and criticism. Over the years, researchers have been working to prove EmA׳s validity: EmA has been combined with other methodologies or techniques scientifically more consolidated – life cycle assessment, ecological footprint, geographical information systems and strategic environmental assessment; emergy researchers also tried to overcome criticism by clarifying emergy algebra specificities and the relationship between emergy and exergy; different approaches were also used to perform uncertainty analysis on EmA. Despite those efforts, EmA is not as scientifically and technically consolidated as emergy researchers wanted it to be. More research should be done to improve EmA as a management tool by taking into account recent improvements made ​​to the methodology and making it usable at a strategic and/or operational level within an organization.

A review of emergy theory, its application and latest developments

After a decade of astonishing growth of wind power capacity worldwide, sustainable utilization of wind energy resources has become an issue of utmost importance. For a comprehensive assessment of the environmental sustainability of a wind power, basic emergy flow diagram and emergy indices are presented in this paper to aggregate various renewable/nonrenewable local resources and purchased economic inputs associated with a wind power system, with concrete illustration by a case study of a modern wind farm in Guangxi, China. It is revealed that the solar transformity of wind electricity is the lowest among typical electricity generation technologies. Emergy-based indices are then calculated to provide integrated information of the investigated wind farm from an ecological point of view. Comparison between the results with existing data for other renewable energy systems reflects the substantial advantages of wind power technology over solar thermal power and photovoltaic technologies in terms of sustainability and ecological cost. Nevertheless, biomass-derived fuels, especially biogas by anaerobic digestion, show a better ecological performance and environmental sustainability than wind and solar technologies. In addition, potential for improvements of Chinese wind farm are identified by optimization effort in human labor, land use and waste treatment.

Environmental sustainability of wind power: An emergy analysis of a Chinese wind farm

The interactions between China's economic growth, energy production and consumption and the related air emissions during 2000–2011

Sustainability evaluation of end-of-life vehicle recycling based on emergy analysis: a case study of an end-of-life vehicle recycling enterprise in China

, Bin Chen This emergy-based four angle model application is used to depict the variations of urban metabolic profile (energy and money) based on the changes experienced across the economic sectors over the years. The urban metabolic structure and efficiency results obtained for Beijing are compared to those for other European cities. In addition, for the Beijing’s case, the study creates the foundation for a future analysis comparing the development of Beijing with that of Rome. The results imply that over three decade Beijing’s urbanizing movement has greatly promoted the sustained development of the real estate and growth of urban household. The results also indicate that the emergy-based four angle model can be refined to become an integrative tool for evaluation, policy-making and regulation for ecosystem management concerning structure and efficiency at urban levels.

2010 International workshop from the International Congress on Environmental Modeling and Software (iEMSs2010)

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2010 International workshop from the International Congress on Environmental Modeling and Software (iEMSs2010)