Three myxobacterial strains, designated SWB004, SWB005 and SWB006, were obtained from beach sand samples from the Pacific Ocean and the North Sea. The strains were cultivated in salt water containing media and subjected to studies to determine their taxonomic status, the presence of genes for the biosynthesis of polyketides and antibiotic production. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed the type strain Enhygromyxa salina SHK-1T as their closest homolog, displaying between 98% (SWB005) and 99% (SWB004 and SWB006) sequence similarity. All isolates were rod-shaped cells showing gliding motility and fruiting body formation as is known for myxobacteria. They required NaCl for growth, with an optimum concentration of around 2% [w/v]. The G + C-content of genomic DNA ranged from 63.0 to 67.3 mol%. Further, the strains were analyzed for their potential to produce polyketide-type structures. PCR amplified ketosynthase-like gene fragments from all three isolates enhances the assumption that these bacteria produce polyketides. SWB005 was shown to produce metabolites with prominent antibacterial activity, including activity towards methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE).

/pdf/marine-myxobacteria-as-a-source-of-antibiotics-comparison-of-i4r1ne27yo.pdf

Marine Myxobacteria as a Source of Antibiotics—Comparison of Physiology, Polyketide-Type Genes and Antibiotic Production of Three New Isolates of Enhygromyxa salina

Myxococcus fulvus HW-1 (ATCC BAA-855) is a halotolerant marine myxobacterium. This strain exhibits complex social behaviors in the presence of low concentrations of seawater but adopts an asocial living pattern under oceanic conditions. The whole genome of M. fulvus HW-1 will enable us to further investigate the details of its evolution.

Genome Sequence of the Halotolerant Marine Bacterium Myxococcus fulvus HW-1

A marine actinomycete strain, designated KSW2-15(T), was isolated from a dried seaweed sample collected from a sandy beach on the coast of Jeju in the Republic of Korea. The organism produced non-motile, non-endospore-forming, Gram-positive, coccoid cells. The colonies were circular, translucent and yellow in colour with entire margins. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. The acyl type of the muramic acid was acetyl. Mycolic acids were not present. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H(4)). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids were of the saturated, unsaturated and iso-branched methyl types. The DNA G+C content was 74 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KSW2-15(T) formed a loose association with 'Candidatus Nostocoida limicola', within the radiation of the family Intrasporangiaceae of the suborder Micrococcineae. The organism showed the highest levels of sequence similarity with 'Candidatus Nostocoida limicola' (96.1 %), Terrabacter tumescens (96.1 %) and Terrabacter terrae (96.0 %). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the isolate and members of other genera of the family Intrasporangiaceae were in the range 92.1-95.5 %. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence, the isolate should be classified within a novel genus and species, for which the name Phycicoccus jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Phycicoccus jejuensis is strain KSW2-15(T) (=KCCM 42315(T)=NRRL B-24460(T)).

Phycicoccus jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from seaweed

The diversity of myxobacteria in a soil niche was explored using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Conventional cultivation for bacteriolytic myxobacteria produced six types of myxobacteria, which were identified as two Myxococcus spp., two Corallococcus spp., a Cystobacter sp. and a Nannocysts sp. Hybridization analysis of the soil bacterial 16S rRNA gene library with myxobacteria-specific probes revealed that myxobacteria accounted for less than 1% in the bacterial community. A Cystobacterineae 16S rRNA genes-rich library was further established from the soil DNA by polymerase chain reaction amplification with a Cystobacterineae-specific primer combined with a universal bacterial primer. Screening of the special library using Cystobacterineae- and Sorangineae-specific probes produced approximately 45% and 3% positive signals respectively. Sixty-four positive clones were randomly selected for sequencing. Except three repeats, the sequences were diverse ranging from 0.3% to 21.3%, and homologous with the known myxobacteria at 77.6-99.8%, including 57 in Cystobacterineae, one close to Nannocystis and three much more distant from the known myxobacteria. The sequences in the Cystobacterineae can further be divided into at least 12 groups, of which most were unreported. The results suggest that myxobacteria in nature are much more diverse than were ever known, even in one soil niche.

Exploring the diversity of myxobacteria in a soil niche by myxobacteria-specific primers and probes

Myxobacteria are famous for their ability to produce most intriguing secondary metabolites. Till recently, only terrestrial myxobacteria were in the focus of research. In this review, however, we discuss marine-derived myxobacteria, which are particularly interesting due to their relatively recent discovery and due to the fact that their very existence was called into question. The to-date-explored members of these halophilic or halotolerant myxobacteria are all grouped into the suborder Nannocystineae. Few of them were chemically investigated revealing around 11 structural types belonging to the polyketide, non-ribosomal peptide, hybrids thereof or terpenoid class of secondary metabolites. A most unusual structural type is represented by salimabromide from Enhygromyxa salina. In silico analyses were carried out on the available genome sequences of four bacterial members of the Nannocystineae, revealing the biosynthetic potential of these bacteria.

https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/content/pdf/1860-5397-12-96.pdf

Marine-derived myxobacteria of the suborder Nannocystineae: An underexplored source of structurally intriguing and biologically active metabolites.

A simple method to isolate salt-tolerant myxobacteria from marine samples.

Microwave Irradiation: the Influence on the Production of Xanthylium Cation Pigments in Model Wine

Abstract Background Endoclita signifer causes severe damage to eucalyptus plantations, and the larvae transfer to and damage eucalyptus accurately in mixed forests, suggesting that the larval olfactory system contributes to host selection. The olfactory proteins in the head and tegument of E. signifer larvae were previously identified. To identify the relationship between olfactory protein expression in the larval head the larvae head and the developmental expression dynamics, and its functions in further recognition of plant volatiles, the head transcriptomes of two instar larvae and the expression profiles of olfactory proteins in the instars after exposure to volatiles were studied. Results Eight odorant-binding proteins, six chemosensory proteins, three odorant receptors, three gustatory receptors, and 18 ionotropic receptors were identified. Half of the olfactory proteins were the most highly expressed in the young (5th) larval head, and EsigGOBP2, EsigGOBP4, EsigGOBP5, EsigCSP1, EsigCSP3, EsigGR1 and EsigGR3 were highly expressed and showed a specific expression pattern. In addition, after exposure to o-cymene, α-phellandrene, n-butyl ether, and 4-ethylacetophenone, EsigGR3 was downregulated significantly, and exposure to n-butyl ether caused EsigGR1 to be downregulated significantly. Conclusions Seven specific olfactory proteins may be important genes in larval olfactory recognition. Furthermore, based on the receptors that were downregulated after exposure to volatiles and the previous electrophysiological activity in the third larvae, we speculated that the ligand of EsigGR1 was n-butyl ether, and the ligands of the newly identified EsigGR3 are all electrophysiologically active compounds, which demonstrated host recognition in the third larvae of E . signifer . These results provide a way to find key plant volatiles recognized by the key olfactory proteins as new targets for pest control. Graphical Abstract 

/pdf/olfactory-proteins-of-endoclita-signifer-larvae-and-their-1ypju2ij.pdf

Olfactory proteins of Endoclita signifer larvae and their roles in host recognition

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Zhi jun Qiu

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

A simple method to isolate salt-tolerant myxobacteria from marine samples.

Microwave Irradiation: the Influence on the Production of Xanthylium Cation Pigments in Model Wine

Olfactory proteins of Endoclita signifer larvae and their roles in host recognition