This review aims to facilitate future research on microplastics (MPs) in the environment using systematic and analytical protocols, ultimately contributing to assessment of the risk to human health due to continuous daily exposure to MPs. Despite extensive studies on MP abundance in environment, identification, and treatment, their negative effects on human health remain unknown due to the lack of proof from clinical studies and limited technology on the MP identification. To assess the risk of MPs to human health, the first step is to estimate MP intake via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact under standardized exposure conditions in daily life. Furthermore, rather than focusing on the sole MPs, migrating chemicals from plastic products should be quantified and their health risk be assessed concurrently with MP release. The critical factors influencing MP release and simultaneously exposed chemicals (SECs) must be investigated using a standardized identification method. This review summarises release sources, factors, and possible routes of MPs from the environment to the human body, and the quantification methods used in risk assessment. We also discussed the issues encountered in MP release and SEC migration. Consequently, this review provides directions for future MP studies that can answer questions about MP toxicity to human health. 

Approach to an answer to "How dangerous microplastics are to the human body": A systematic review of the quantification of MPs and simultaneously exposed chemicals.

In recent years, the role of ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has become a research hotspot based on evidence of abnormal iron deposition and lipid peroxidation damage in the brains of PD patients. This study aims to examine the relevant research on ferroptosis and PD from a bibliometric perspective.Original research and review articles related to ferroptosis and PD were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Statistical analysis and visualization of information including countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords of the included studies were conducted using the R software package “bibliometrix.”A total of 414 articles met the inclusion criteria, averaging 37.86 citations per article. From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of research in this area was 63.44%. The corresponding authors of published articles were mainly affiliated with institutions in China, the United States, and Australia. Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China and the University of Melbourne in Australia emerged as the most active and influential institutions. The journal with the highest H-index and publication output was Free Radical Biology and Medicine. “Ferroptosis,” “immunotherapy,” “prognosis” and “microenvironment” were identified as high-frequency keywords, indicating current and future research directions in this field.This bibliometric study provides insights into current research hotspots and emerging trends in the growing field of ferroptosis research related to PD. The high-frequency keywords identified highlight active areas of investigation involving methods, mechanisms, and populations of interest.

Research progress of ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease: a bibliometric and visual analysis

INTRODUCTION
Around 20% of individuals diagnosed with acute pancreatitis (AP) may develop severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), possibly resulting in a mortality rate ranging from 15% to 35%. There is an urgent need to thoroughly understand the molecular phenotypes of SAP resulting from diverse etiologies. The field of translational research on AP has seen the use of several innovative proteomic methodologies via the ongoing improvement of isolation, tagging, and quantification methods.


AREAS COVERED
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) identified in AP by searching the PubMed/MEDLINE database (2003-2023) and adds significantly to the current theoretical framework.


EXPERT OPINION
DAPs for potentially diagnosing AP based on proteomic identification need to be confirmed by multi-center studies that include larger samples. The discovery of DAPs in various organs at different AP stages via proteomic technologies is essential better to understand the pathophysiology of AP-related multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Regarding the translational research of AP, novel approaches like single-cell proteomics and imaging using mass spectrometry may be used as soon as they become available.

The role of proteomics in acute pancreatitis: new and old knowledge.

The SLC7A11/xCT cystine and glutamate antiporter has emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its selective overexpression in multiple cancers and its role in preventing ferroptosis. Utilizing pharmacological and genetic approaches in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, we demonstrate that overexpression of SLC7A11 engenders hypersensitivity towards L-selenocystine, a naturally-occurring diselenide that bears close structural similarity to L-cystine. We find that abundance of SLC7A11 positively correlates with sensitivity to L-selenocystine, but surprisingly, not to Erastin, an inhibitor of SLC7A11 activity. Our data indicate that SLC7A11 acts as a transport channel for L-selenocystine, which preferentially incites acute oxidative stress and damage eventuating to cell death in cells that highly express SLC7A11. Hence, our findings raise the prospect of L-selenocystine administration as a novel strategy for targeting cancers that upregulate SLC7A11 expression.

Upregulation of SLC7A11/xCT creates a vulnerability to selenocystine-induced cytotoxicity.

Plastic pollution is now so widespread that microplastics are regularly detected in biological samples surveyed for their presence. Despite their pervasiveness, very little is known about the effects of microplastics on the health of terrestrial vertebrates. While emerging studies are showing that microplastics represent a potentially serious threat to animal health, data have been limited to in vivo studies on laboratory rodents that were force fed plastics. The extent to which these studies are representative of the conditions that animals and humans might actually experience in the real world is largely unknown. Here, we review 114 papers from the peer-reviewed literature in order to understand how the concentrations and types of microplastics being administered to rodents in lab studies compare to those found in terrestrial soils. From 73 in vivo lab studies, and 41 soil studies, we found that lab studies have heretofore fed rodents microplastics at concentrations that were hundreds of thousands of times greater than they would be exposed to in nature. Furthermore, health effects have been studied for only 20% of the microplastic polymers that are known to occur in soils. Plastic pollution is arguably one of the most pressing ecological and public health issues of our time, yet existing lab-based research on the health effects of terrestrial microplastics does not reflect the conditions that free-ranging vertebrates are actually experiencing. Going forward, performing more true-to-life research will be of the utmost importance to fully understand the impacts of microplastics and maintain the public's faith in the scientific process.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43591-023-00059-1. 

https://microplastics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43591-023-00059-1

The need for environmentally realistic studies on the health effects of terrestrial microplastics

Polystyrene microplastics aggravate acute pancreatitis in mice.

This study aims to build a prognostic model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with ferroptosis-associated genes and explore their molecular function.Gene expression data and clinical information were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). A ferroptosis-associated gene set was obtained from the FerrDb database to identify differentially expressed genes. Then, we performed pathway enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis. A combined model based on ferroptosis-associated genes for predicting the overall survival of HCC was built by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, colony formation, CCK-8, and EdU incorporation assays were performed to clarify the function of CAPG in the regulation of cell proliferation in human HCC. Ferroptosis was evaluated by glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total iron detection.Forty-nine ferroptosis-related genes were significantly correlated with HCC, 19 of which had prognostic significance. CAPG, SLC7A11 and SQSTM1 were used to construct a novel risk model. The areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.746 and 0.720 (1 year) in the training and validation groups, respectively. The survival analysis indicated that patients with high risk scores exhibited worse survival in the training and validation groups. The risk score was also identified as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (OS), which established and validated the predictive abilities of the nomogram. The risk score was also significantly correlated with the expression of immune checkpoint genes. In vitro data showed that CAPG knockdown dramatically suppressed HCC cell proliferation, and the underlying molecular mechanisms might be that the silencing of CAPG reduced the expression of SLC7A11 and promoted ferroptosis.The established risk model can be used to predict the prognosis of HCC. At the mechanistic level, CAPG may drive HCC progression by regulating SLC7A11, and ferroptosis activation in HCC patients with high CAPG expression may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy. 

/pdf/comprehensive-analysis-of-ferroptosis-related-genes-for-94eq79cf.pdf

Comprehensive analysis of ferroptosis-related genes for clinical and biological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma

With the development of 5G new services, the IP network layer needs to provide the service layer with deterministic carrying and forwarding capabilities characterized by differentiation and quality assurance. To effectively manage and utilize differentiated forwarding resources at the IP network layer, an open framework for IP network differentiated services based on SRv6 is proposed. The framework combines SRv6 BSID to abstract the end-to-end network forwarding path. A unified service resource pool with differentiated characteristics has been formed, and the service layer can schedule differentiated services on demand. We set up a typical operator backbone network environment in the laboratory, and verified that switching differentiated service resources on demand can make the video services own a better forwarding path. This framework can reduce the coupling between the service layer and the network layer, and provides differentiated services with guaranteed network quality through overlay and underlay collaboration.

SRv6-based Differentiated Service Framework for IP Networks

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Polystyrene microplastics aggravate acute pancreatitis in mice.

Comprehensive analysis of ferroptosis-related genes for clinical and biological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma

SRv6-based Differentiated Service Framework for IP Networks