Position-based routing in a mobile ad hoc network requires geographic addresses. Thus, a node that wants to send a packet to some target node has to know the target's (approximate) current position. In order to provide each node's position to the other network nodes, a distributed location service has to be used. J. Li et al. recently put forward a promising approach called the Grid Location Service' (GLS). In this paper we provide some analyses and evaluations of GLS by means of simulation with ns-2 beyond the results of the original paper. We present quantitative results with respect to location query failure rate and bandwidth consumption. We analyze in detail why queries failed and how the query failure rate can be decreased for scenarios with a low density of nodes.

Analysis of a Location Service for a Position-based Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Geographic routing with hybrid firefly algorithm and galactic swarm optimization for efficient ‘void’ handling in mobile ad hoc networks

In mobile ad hoc networks, multi-channel communication, compared to single-channel communication, can significantly improve the throughput of the networks. Channel assignment and routing are two basic issues in multi-channel networks. In this paper, we firstly present a channel assignment scheme for location service in multi-channel mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed channel assignment algorithm combines channel assignment and routing in grid level in order to reduce the complexity of channel assignment. The channel assignment in grid level will mitigate collisions and interference. Our channel ssignment algorithm only use one hop channel information for channel assignment. The performance of the proposed algorithms are evaluated by means of simulation. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithms can effectively increase throughput and reduce delay, as compared to single-channel schemes.

A Channel Assignment Scheme for Location Service in Multi-Channel Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Because mobile ad hoc networks have characteristics such as lack of center nodes, multi-hop routing and changeable topology, the existing checkpoint technologies for normal mobile networks cannot be applied well to mobile ad hoc networks. Considering the multi-frequency hierarchy structure of ad hoc networks, this paper proposes a hybrid checkpointing strategy which combines the techniques of synchronous checkpointing with asynchronous checkpointing, namely the checkpoints of mobile terminals in the same cluster remain synchronous, and the checkpoints in different clusters remain asynchronous. This strategy could not only avoid cascading rollback among the processes in the same cluster, but also avoid too many message transmissions among the processes in different clusters. What is more, it can reduce the communication delay. In order to assure the consistency of the global states, this paper discusses the correctness criteria of hybrid checkpointing, which includes the criteria of checkpoint taking, rollback recovery and indelibility. Based on the designed Intra-Cluster Checkpoint Dependence Graph and Inter-Cluster Checkpoint Dependence Graph, the elimination rules for different kinds of checkpoints are discussed, and the algorithms for the same cluster checkpoints, different cluster checkpoints, and rollback recovery are also given. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed hybrid checkpointing strategy is a preferable trade-off method, which not only synthetically takes all kinds of resource constraints of Ad hoc networks into account, but also outperforms the existing schemes in terms of the dependence to cluster heads, the recovery time compared to the pure synchronous, and the pure asynchronous checkpoint advantage.

Design and Analysis of an Efficient Energy Algorithm in Wireless Social Sensor Networks

Greedy Forwarding algorithm that is a typical location aided routing in MANET has a problem that it cannot find a route when a node faces a void zone (hole). Existing methods to solve the problem usually tries to escape the void zone just after it finds the zone and results in having a longer path. This paper proposes a revised effective greedy forwarding method by advanced sharing of the void zone information among nodes before route decision. It shows the effectiveness of the proposal by network simulation.

A proposal on void zone aware Greedy Forwarding method over MANET

Geographic routing protocols allow stateless routing by taking advantage of the location information of mobile nodes and thus are highly scalable. Location service provides the location information of mobile destinations to source nodes so that location-based routing can be applied. Location service in mobile ad hoc networks is challenging because of the absence of any central intelligence in the network. Although some location service schemes are proposed, no location service scheme is presented for networks with holes. In this paper, we propose Grid-based Quorum Location Service (GQLS) and Hash-based Quorum Location Service (HQLS) schemes for mobile ad hoc networks with holes. The proposed location service scheme GQLS and HQLS use grid management and has capability to tolerate the holes. The simulation results show that the location service scheme GQLS and HQLS have better performance than XYLS in query and maintenance overhead.

Location service for mobile ad hoc networks with holes

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Location service for mobile ad hoc networks with holes

A Channel Assignment Scheme for Location Service in Multi-Channel Mobile Ad Hoc Networks