Mechanistic understanding of the role separators playing in advanced lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most potential energy storage devices among various rechargeable batteries due to their high energy/ power density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge properties. However, current LIBs fail to meet the ever-increasing safety and fast charge/discharge demands. As one of the main components in LIBs, separator is of paramount importance for safety and rate performance of LIBs. Among the various separators, composite separators have been widely investigated for improving their thermal stability, mechanical strength, electrolyte uptake, and ionic conductivity. Herein, the challenges and limitations of commercial separators for LIBs are reviewed, and a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art research progress in composite separators is provided for safe and high rate LIBs. Various combination types of composite separators including blending, layer, core–shell, and grafting types are covered. In addition, models and simulations based on the various types of composite separators are discussed to comprehend the composite mechanism for robust performances. At the end, future directions and perspectives for further advances in composite separators are presented to boost safety and rate capacity of LIBs.

Composite Separators for Robust High Rate Lithium Ion Batteries

As the global energy policy gradually shifts from fossil energy to renewable energy, lithium batteries, as important energy storage devices, have a great advantage over other batteries and have attracted widespread attention. With the increasing energy density of lithium batteries, promotion of their safety is urgent. Thermal runaway is an inevitable safety problem in lithium battery research. Therefore, paying attention to the thermal hazards of lithium battery materials and taking corresponding preventive measures are of great significance. In this review, the heat source and thermal hazards of lithium batteries are discussed with an emphasis on the designs, modifications, and improvements to suppress thermal runaway based on the inherent structure of lithium batteries. According to the source of battery heat, we divide it into reversible heat and irreversible heat. Additionally, superfluous heat generation has profound effects, including thermal runaway, capacity loss, and electrical imbalance. Thereafter, we emphatically discuss the design and modification strategies for various battery components (anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and separators) to suppress thermal runaway. Preparation of solid electrolyte interphase layers with excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties is the core of the modification strategy for anode materials. Additives, stable coatings, elemental substitution, and thermally responsive coating materials are commonly used to improve the safety of cathodes. Novel electrolyte additives, solid-state electrolytes, and thermally stable separators provide a good opportunity to solve the thermal runaway problem of next-generation high-performance electrochemical storage devices.

Strategies to Solve Lithium Battery Thermal Runaway: From Mechanism to Modification

Lithium-ion batteries are nowadays one of the ultimate energy-storage devices with high power and energy densities. Their thermal-abuse tolerance is needed urgently to meet the safety requirements for hybrid and electric vehicles, especially at elevated temperatures. Separators, while typically regarded as an inactive component, play a crucial role in battery safety and rate capability. Nowadays, in order to meet the safety demands of high-energy-density batteries, thermotolerant separators have become increasingly important for battery design and overall performance. In this review, the strategies and the recent advances in separators for high-safety batteries as well as their uses under extreme conditions are summarized. Several effective routes to thermotolerant separators for lithium-ion batteries are discussed, which include modified polyolefin separators, separators made of thermally stable materials, integration of electrolytes and separators, and smart separators as well. The review provides insights into the design principles of separators to enhance battery performance, and highlights the challenges of emerging energy-storage devices working under extreme conditions of high temperatures.

Thermotolerant separators for safe lithium-ion batteries under extreme conditions

The membrane is one of the key inner parts of lithium-ion batteries, which determines the interfacial structure and internal resistance, ultimately affecting the capacity, cycling, and safety perfo...

Preparation and Properties of an Alginate-Based Fiber Separator for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

High thermal stability and low impedance polypropylene separator coated with aluminum phosphate

The invention relates to a method for preparing a trivalent cation doped Ni-Co-Mn ternary material by direct precipitation. The method is characterized in that the molar ratio x:y:z:k:m of Ni, Co, Mn,Li and doped trivalent M cation meets the condition that x:y:z:m is equal to (0.47-0.52):(0.10-0.20):(0.26-0.35):(0.01-0.10) or (0.57-0.62):(0.10-0.19):(0.15-0.25):(0.01-0.10), or (0.77-0.82):(0.05-0.10):(0.05-0.13):(0.01-0.10), wherein, k is not less than 0.95, and not more than 1.10, and the sum of x, y, z and m is 1. Weighed Ni, Co, Mn, Li and doped trivalent M cation are mixed with a wet-milling medium, ammonia liquor and a lithium compound are added, and the trivalent cation doped Ni-Co-Mn ternary material is prepared through steps of aging, drying, sintering and the like.

Method for preparing trivalent cation doped Ni-Co-Mn ternary material by direct precipitation

The invention relates to a method for preparing a bivalent cation-doped nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material through direct precipitation. The method comprises the steps of mixing nickel, cobalt,manganese, lithium and a doped divalent M ion with a wet grinding medium according to the conditions that x+y+z+m is equal to 1, the molar ratio of x to y to z to m is (0.47-0.52):(0.10-0.20):(0.25-0.35):(0.01-0.10) or (0.57-0.62):(0.10-0.19):(0.15-0.25):(0.01-0.10) or (0.77-0.82):(0.05-0.10):(0.05-0.13):(0.01-0.10), and k is smaller than or equal to 1.10 and greater than or equal to 0.95; addingaqueous ammonia and a compound of the lithium; and carrying out ageing, drying and sintering to prepare the bivalent cation-doped ternary material.

Method for preparing bivalent cation-doped nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material through direct precipitation

The invention relates to a method for preparing a coated diaphragm containing both PMMA and P-C bonds. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing acetone and dimethylformamide according to a volume ratio of (0.2-12): 1 to prepare a mixed solution, adding a coating agent accounting for 0.67 to 20 wt% of the weight of the mixed solution, then adding polymethyl methacrylateaccounting for 0.5 to 20 wt% of the weight of the mixed solution, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 10 to 50 minutes; carrying out stirring at 40 to 80 DEG C for 8 to 12 h to obtain a viscous liquid; and coating the surface of a base film with the viscous liquid, and carrying out forced air drying so as to obtain the coated diaphragm. Raw materials used in the invention are low in cost;the method is simple in preparation process, easy to operate and short in consumed time; and as the prepared coated diaphragm is used for a battery system, a coating layer has adhesion with battery pole pieces and the base film, so the impedance of the battery system is obviously reduced, the polarization of a battery during charging and discharging is lowered, and the discharge performance of the battery is improved.

Method for preparing coated diaphragm containing both PMMA and P-C bonds

The invention relates to a method for performance of a highly-dispersed graphene-modified ion-doped Ni-Co-Mn ternary material. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of mixing graphene powder and an active agent, and performing mixing, washing and filtering to obtain intercalation graphene; adding a wet grinding medium and mixing an ion-doped ternary material; and preparing the highly-dispersed graphene-modified ion-doped Ni-Co-Mn ternary material by steps of drying, cooling and sintering, wherein the doping ions are sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, strontium ions, aluminum ions, gallium ions, titanium ions or zinc ions. The method has the advantages of relatively low raw material cost, wide raw material source, simple preparation process and less consumed time, and is simple and convenient to operate; and compared with a co-precipitation method, the method has the advantages that waste water discharged during the preparation process is obviouslyreduced, a LiMn6 superlattice structure does not exist in the prepared sample, the prepared electrode material is good in consistency and uniform in constituent, has excellent discharging performanceand excellent cycle property particularly under discharge in a large-current condition, and a favorable foundation is laid for industrialization.

Method for performance of highly-dispersed graphene-modified ion-doped Ni-Co-Mn ternary material

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